산촌의 노동력 변화에 관한 연구

유병일,박명규 ( Byoung Il Yoo,Myoung Kyu Park ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

The purpose of the study was to define the labor change in the moutainous villages, So this study analyzed the mass dram of the population from the mountainous villages created by the unequal development between the first and second under the high economic development and the large difference in the income between city and rural area. The content of the study was ① the foundation of the production in the survey area ② labor change in the mountainous villages ③ the supply and the demand of the labor in this area. The date were collected from 118 household of 2 villages (one with a high level of brest product, and the other with a low level of forest products) in Cheon-nam Province through a questionarie. The results of the study were as follows. 1. The mass drain in the mountainous villages started in the middle of 1970`s, and the rate of drain has been very rapid and accelerated. 2. The drain of the mountainous village with a low level of forest products is more than that of the mountainous village with a high level of forest products. 3. In the mountainous village with high level of forest products, the specialization in the farmer class has begun and the farmers with a side job are now increasing. 4. Generally the major drain consisted of the young class (16-30 age), and consequently it caused a change in the composition of labor power into old age and women. 5. The character of the forest labor market is how changing from closed to open.

한국 산림분야 공적개발원조 발전방안 - 핀란드, 노르웨이의 개발협력전략 비교를 바탕으로 -

유병일(Byoung Il Yoo),윤보은(Bo Eun Yoon) 국제개발협력학회 2014 국제개발협력연구 Vol.6 No.1

2000년 유엔 새천년선언 채택 이후 주요 공여국들은 빈곤퇴치, 지속가능한 환경보전 등 새천년개발목표(MDGs)달성에 중점을 두어 개발도상국에 대한 공적개발원조(ODA)를 실시해오고 있다. 환경보전과 관련하여 특히 기후변화대응이 강조됨에 따라 개도국에 서의 산림전용 및 황폐화 방지를 통한 온실가스 배출감축 (REDD+) 체제도 산림ODA의 주요 내용으로 최근 부각되고 있다. 과거부터 산림분야는 선진공여국의 관심분야로 약 10개국이 전체 산림ODA 지원액의 90%정도를 지원하여 왔다. 이들 국가중의 하나인 핀란드는 1980년 대에 본격적으로 산림분야 공적개발원조를 확대한 이후, 유엔산림포럼(UNFF)에서 합의된 4대 기본목표와 연계하여 지역주민의 생계향상 등 산림에 기반한 경제적, 사회적 이익증진과 지속가능한 산림경영(SFM)을 주 목표로 선정하여 체계 적인 대응전략을 수립해오고 있으며 주요 수원국과 양자협력 관계를 장기간 유지해오고 있는 반면, 2007년 제 13차 유엔 기후변화 협약(UNFCCC) 당사국 총회에서 REDD+ 체제 구축 지원 약속을 계기로 새롭게 등장한 노르웨이는 UN 등을 통한 다자 협력과 인도네시아, 브라질 등 대 면적 산림보유국과의 양자협약을 통해 사업을 수행하고 있으며 2013년에는 전체ODA 예산의 약 15%를 산림분야에 지원하고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라의 경우 2000년 이후 부터 산림ODA사업을 시작하여 아시아 소수 특정 국가를 중심으로 한국의 경험에 기초한 산림녹화, 조림, 양묘 등의 분야에서 협력사업을 수행하고 있지만 전체 ODA지원액 대비 산림부문 지원 액의 비중이 미미하고 특정분야에 치중되어 있기에 향후 국제협 력이 필요한 다양한 분야에 대응하고 산림환경보존과 빈곤극복등 새천년개발목표를 동시에 달성할 수 있는 국제산림협력 확대 방안을 모색해나가야 할 시점이다. 이를 위하여 핀란드와 노르웨 이의 산림분야 개발협력정책과 집행체계, 지원현황 및 협력 사례 등을 비교분석하여 지난 15년 간 한국의 산림ODA내용을 고찰하고 향후 정책 수립에 주는 함의를 도출하고자 하였다. Since the UN Millenium Declaration was adopted in 2000, donor countries have been providing Official Development Assistance(ODA) to developing countries for Millenium Development Goals(MDGs) including poverty eradication and environmental sustainability. As climate change adaptation is highlighted for the sustainable environment, supporting REDD+ system in developing countries is recently becoming as a major issue in forest ODA. The forestry sector has been an interest of leading donor countries from the past and around top 10 countries have supported 90 percent of forest ODA in the world. Among these countries, Finland expanded forest ODA in the 1980s. Since then, Finland has been establishing development cooperation strategy in the forestry sector with four goals of UN Forest Forum (UNFF), focusing on the promotion of economic and social benefits including income boosting for local residents; and sustainable forest management(SFM), maintaining the long-term bilateral ties with main recipient countries. On the other hand, Norway, which has newly emerged with a pledge of support to the development of REDD+ in developing countries during UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP-13) in 2007, is implementing projects by financing through multilateral cooperation such as UN; and bilateral agreement with countries such as Indonesia and Brazil with a large amount of forest, supporting about 15 percent of the total ODA to the forestry sector. Korea has implemented forest ODA since 2000 in a few specific Asian countries mainly for forest greening, afforestation and nursing based on Korea’s successful experience of forest rehabilitation in the past. However, the proportion of Korea’s forest ODA compared to the amount of total ODA is not significant and limited to specific fields. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to promote the international forest cooperation for forests conservation and poverty eradication by expanding the projects in response to various fields that need international cooperation. For this, policies, implementing system, cooperation channels and cases of both countries were compared and analyzed to draw policy implications for Korea’s forest ODA.

핀란드와 노르웨이의 산림분야 공적개발원조 협력전략비교

유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),윤보은 ( Bo Eun Yoon ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

2000년 유엔 새천년선언 채택 이후 주요 공여국들은 빈곤퇴치, 지속가능한 환경보전 등 새천년개발목표(MDGs)달성에 중점을 두어 개발도상국에 대한 공적개발원조(ODA)를 실시해오고 있다. 한편, 기후변화대응 측면에서 선진국들은 개도국에서의 산림전용 및 황폐화 방지를 통한 온실가스배출감축(REDD+) 체제 구축을 지원하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 산림분야 ODA 주요 공여국인 핀란드와 노르웨이의 산림ODA정책을 비교분석하여 한국 산림ODA 정책 및 전략 수립에 주는 함의를 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 양국의 국제 산림협력 정책의 목적 및 전략, 수행체계, 협력 형태 및 사례에 대해 조사하여 비교분석하였다. 먼저 핀란드의 경우, 빈곤감소와 지속가능한 산림경영(SFM)이라는 목표아래 산림분야 개발정책 가이드라인을 제시하였으며 중점협력국을 중심으로 체계적인 협력전략을 수립해오고 있다. 노르웨이는 2007년 제 13차 기후변화협약 당사국 총회에서 개도국 REDD+ 체제 구축에 연간 5억 불을 지원할 것을 약속한 것을 계기로 국제산림기후이니셔티브(NICFI: Norway International Climate and Forest Initiative)를 설립하였다. 노르웨이 REDD+ 지원사업의 해결과제는 지역사회 주민 참여증진 및 이익 공유, 사회적 환경적 안전장치(safeguard) 마련, 정책일관성 유지 등이다. 우리나라에서도 새천년개발목표와 기후변화대응 목표를 동시에 달성시킬 수 있는 산림분야ODA 협력방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. Since the UN Millenium Declaration was adopted in 2000, donor countries have been providing Official Development Assistance(ODA) to developing countries to attain the Millenium Development Goals(MDGs) including poverty eradication and environmental sustainability. Meanwhile, developed countries are supporting the REDD+ system in developing countries for climate change adaptation. This study was to draw policy implications about Korea`s forest ODA by comparing the policies and strategies of Finland and Norway, the leading donor countries in the forestry sector. For this, the policy objectives and strategies, implementing system, cooperation channels and specific cases were compared and analyzed. Finland has established the development policy guidelines for forest sector with an aim of achieving poverty reduction and sustainable forest management(SFM); and the systematic strategies focusing on priority partnership countries. Norway`s International Climate and Forest Initiative(NICFI) was launched with a pledge of USD 500 million per year to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation(REDD) in developing countries during UNFCCC Conference of Parties (COP-13) in 2007. The involvement of local residents and benefit sharing, social and environmental safeguards and policy coherence are challenges of Norway`s support to REDD+. Cooperation strategies for both MDGs and climate change adaptation should be planned for Korea`s forest ODA as well.

다목적 산지이용을 위한 수리계획법의 (數理計劃法) 비교

유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.4

The idea of multiple-use of forest land is tile one field of economics to improve the efficiency of forest land, and is the famous management technique widely used in the developed forestry country. This paper introduces the STEM and the constraint method, which is one kind of mathematical programming techniques used for multiple forest Land use, and discusses the differences between these two methods by using the hypothetical data.

한국 산촌개발사업에 대한 이해관계자의 의식과 향후 발전방안

유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),김소희 ( So Heui Kim ),서정원 ( Jeong Weon Seo ) 한국산림과학회 2005 한국산림과학회지 Vol.94 No.4

한국의 산림 분야별 평가와 이에 기초한 산림 공적개발원조 발전 방안

유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),윤보은 ( Bo Eun Yoon ) 한국산림과학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.4

The purpose of this study was to draw policy implications for the development and expansion ofKorea’s forest ODA through investigating the perceptions of stakeholder on the fields that contributed thedevelopment of forestry in Korea and would have competitiveness in developing countries and priority fields forKorea’s forest ODA. For this, the survey was conducted for 248 subjects from the general and expertstakeholder groups. Chi-square test in cross analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Duncan test wereconducted to compare the difference of perceptions by group. The whole general and expert groups consider that‘forest conservation and rehabilitation’ contributed to the development of Korea’s forestry most and consider itsglobal competitiveness most high. Comparing expert groups, ODA experts evaluated the competitiveness of‘capacity building for policies, institutions and research’ higher than the forestry experts. For priority fields ofKorea’s forest ODA, general groups perceived ‘management of CERs’ and ‘conservation of biodiversity’ mostimportant, showing the clear difference in perception compared to that of experts. In Conclusion, for theeffective forest ODA of Korea, the effort to fill the gap between the general and expert groups needs to bemade, as well as developing forestry capacity building programs to cope with the fields such as climate changeadaptation and biodiversity conservation, which is newly required in a global society, in addition to using thepast experience of forest rehabilitation in Korea. It will be useful for the rehabilitation of North Korea’s forestin the future.

핀란드의 산림분야 개발협력 전략 분석 및 시사점: 베트남, 탄자니아 사례를 중심으로

유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),윤보은 ( Bo-eun Yoon ) 한국세계지역학회 2016 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 핀란드의 장기중점협력국에 대한 국별협력전략(CPS)을 분석하고 산림분야개발협력 사례 고찰을 통해 한국의 산림분야 개발협력에서의 효과적인 국별지원체제 운용을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 사례분석을 위해 핀란드와 산림분야에서 장기적인 협력관계를 유지해온 베트남과 탄자니아를 선정하여 핀란드 국별협력전략에 나타난 우선 중점협력분야 분석, 수원국 개발협력 전략과의 일치, 공여국 간 원조조화 및 원조관리 등을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 한국 산림분야 개발협력 성과제고를 위해서는 국가 전체적인 산림분야 개발협력 로드맵 수립과 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 달성을 위한 산림분야의 전략적 활용 및 분야 간 연계 모색 등이 중요하며, 산림분야 사업의 장기성을 고려한 중점협력국 선정과 수원국 중심의 국별지원체제 강화가 필요하다. 이를 위해 수원국의 국가 전체 및 분야별 개발계획을 지원하는 프로그램기반 접근법과 섹터별 접근법 도입, 수원국 거버넌스 강화, 다자간 파트너십을 통한 원조 조정 등이 요구된다. This study was to examine the country partnership strategy(CPS) of Finland for its long-term partner countries and cases of development cooperation in forest field to draw policy implications for the new CPS of Korea and its effective management for forest ODA. For case studies, Vietnam and Tanzania, which have maintained a long-term development partnership with Finland, were selected. In order to find out the characteristics and evaluate the effectiveness of Finland’s cooperation in forestry, priority cooperation areas in CPS and alignment to the national development program of partner countries, donor coordination and aid management were examined. As a result, Korea’s ODA should focus on the establishment of forest sector strategy and guideline, the strategic use of forest ODA to attain sustainable development goals(SDGs) through multi-sector linkages. In addition, it is needed to establish long-term partnerships and enhance country assistance system by employing program-based approaches and facilitating the governance in partner countries and donor coordination.

밤나무 경영 표준진단표의 개발 및 적용

전준헌 ( Jun Heon Jeon ),유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),이정민 ( Jung Min Lee ),지동현 ( Dong Hyun Ji ),김연태 ( Yeon Tae Kim ),강길남 ( Kil Nam Kang ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.4

The chestnut management standard diagnostic table is developed and would be utilized in order that a manager raising chestnuts checks where the own level of management is and grasps current state of own for the purpose of planning aims and advancing toward a higher level. The developed ``Chestnut management standard diagnostic table`` consisted of 3 first classified items 19 second classified items and 2 product indicator items by the chestnut experts consultative meeting. A survey of 212 farmhouses in 4 major producing area was conducted. Except invalid survey of 53 farmers 159 farmhouses interviewed were used in analysis. Total score was calculated with sum of each item`s score. According to the survey results average score is 68.0 and Buyeo received the highest score of 69.7 and Suncheon received the lowest score of 61.8 by regional groups. The higher the group in score the better it is in output per hectare. But the property of “the ratio of the best products in total products” does not show a statistical correlation. Generally the score of ``management-based evaluation indicator part`` and ``management and sale capacity indicator part`` in Suncheon was low because of many elderly people. In part of ``manufacturing technology indicator`` as Environmentally-Friendly production is progressed in over 70% of four regions when comes to a disease and insect pest control there are rarely farmhouse having a way of crop dusting.

국유림 경영 관리를 위한 전문가 의식 조사

이호상(Ho-Sang Lee),서정원(Jeong-Weon Seo),유병일(Byoung-Il Yoo) 한국산림휴양학회 2009 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.13 No.4

지난 10년 동안 우리나라는 건강하고 생산적인 산림관리를 위한 지속가능한 산림경영 중심으로 기본정책이 변화하여 왔다. 이에 지역사회 발전과 지속가능한 산림경영을 실현하기 위한 수단으로 전체 산림면적의 약 23%를 차지하는 국유림 경영에 많은 관심을 가져왔다. 이에 본 연구는 산림경영에 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 국유림 경영관리를 위해 정책변화와 산림전문가의 의식조사를 통해 현재 문제점을 파악하고 조사결과를 토대로 국유림 역할 변화와 경영상의 정책방향을 도출하였다. 정책방향으로는 국유림 확대하는 것을 신중히 고려해야하고 국민 복지와 여가 생활을 최대한 발휘할 수 있도록 공익적인 기능을 발휘할 수 있는 정책이 필요하며, 효율적 관리를 위해 국가예산 확보와 산림전문가 양성을 통해 고용창출의 기회도 검토되어야 한다. 또한 체계적인 경영계획과 국유림확보에 따른 보상문제 그리고 공익기능 발전 등에 지속적인 연구가 필요하다. The general policy of our country has been changed into sustainable development to make a healthy and productive forest management for last 10 years. To achieve both community development and sustainable management, the national forest management, 23% of the total forest area, has been concerned. The national forest management is an important part of the forest management. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the current problem of the national forest management by the change of the policy so far and survey of a forester to try to find its solution. It found that conservation of national land and water resources were important from the result of the survey. To manage effectively, the role and function of the national forest should be enhanced by enlarging of its size and budget.

표고버섯 경영 표준진단표의 개발 및 현지 적용

전준헌 ( Jun Heon Jeon ),원현규 ( Hyun Kyu Won ),유병일 ( Byoung Il Yoo ),이성연 ( Seong Youn Lee ),이정민 ( Jung Min Lee ),지동현 ( Dong Hyun Ji ),김연태 ( Yeon Tae Kim ),강길남 ( Kil Nam Kang ),오득실 ( Duk Sil Oh ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.2

This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic table for management and administration that oak mushroom cultivators of forestry households can utilize. By diagnosing their current level of management with the table, the cultivators themselves will be able to grasp and address their operational challenges better. The table is composed of; questions on the status of forestry households; columns for a series of management performance indices, and; questionnaire with 4 categories and 20 subcategories to check the current level of management and administration by the households. In order to prepare the standard diagnostic table for oak mushroom management, 196 forestry households throughout 10areas-Cheong-yang, Gong-ju, Bu-yeo and Seo-cheon in Chuncheongnam-do, Mun-kyung and Ye-cheon in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jin-an in Jeollabuk-do, Jang-heung and Jang-seong in Jeollanam-do, and Jeju Islands-were interviewed with and a total of 190 questionnaires were acquired and made use of in the result analysis. Then, the score on management level of each forestry household was determined in the way of aggregating scores from each subcategory. The overall average score of every household was calculated at 62.2 point with more than half of the respondents, 54.7%, belonging to the range of 60 to 80. When considered by regional groups, the average score of Jin-an was the lowest with 57.6 point while that of Jang-seong was the highest with 69.6 point. In case of the ‘cultivation management’ category, there were a lot of cultivators who expressed a negative awareness of the term ‘pest control’ because they had a tendency to think the term in connection with ‘herbicides or pesticides’. So it is inevitable to adapt and modify existing groups and grades to make sure that the cultivators can make a right choice without confusing the cincept ‘pest control’ with ‘herbicides or pesticides’. Meanwhile, the average scores of ‘management and administration’ categories were mostly low. It was remarkable in these categories that forestry households in Jeolla province, which had remained in lower ranks in the other three categories, recorded higher scores than those in Chungcheong province, boasting a relatively high level of management and administration.