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山林組合의 組織, 運營 및 經營實態를 把握 그 活性化 方案을 摸索하고자 山林組合 中央會 全羅南道支部 傘下 22個 山林組合을 對象으로 山林組合 關係文獻 및 統計資料에 의하여 山林組合의 組織, 運營現況 및 經營實態를 分析하였고, 全羅南道內 林業技術指導員 82名과 協業體地域 및 一般地域 山主 163名을 對象으로 山林組合과 山林契의 組織, 運營 및 經營實態에 대하여 面接 및 郵便 調査를 實施하였는 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 1991年末 現在 山林組合數는 22個이며 組合員은 山林契 2,609個와 特殊組合員 116名으로 構成되어 있어 組合當 平均 組合員數는 山林契119個, 特殊組合員 5人이고 組合長, 常務理事等 常動任員이 44名, 技術職인 技士3名, 林業技術 指導員 113名, 機能職 21名, 傭員1名으로 機能職과 傭員을 除外한 任職員은 162名으로 이들 한사람이 指導해야할 平均 山林契는 16個, 平均契員數는 1,550名, 私有林 面積은 3,780ha 였다. 2. 山林組合의 設立目的을 達成하기 위해서는 山林契 業務의 圓滑한 推進이 山林組合 發展에 重要하나 山林組合法上 山林契와 山林組合의 明確한 業務分擔이 이루어지고 있지않다. 3. 山林에서의 主要所得源으로 協業體地域의 山主 52.1%는 山林副産物 栽培, 一般地域山主 68.4%는 山林副産物 採取라고 하였다. 4. 山林組合의 當面課題에 對하여 協業體 地域의 山主 39.8%, 一般地域의 山主 52.5%는 政府의 支援强化라고 하였으며 林業技術指導員 43.9%는 組織의 再整備라고 하였다. 5. 1991年度 山林組合의 受注 金額 107億원中 景觀造成이 25.7%, 林道事業이 25.5% 차지하고 있으며 零細私有林 所有者나 不在山主가 所有하는 山林의 林業經營 委託引受, 伐採事業等은 전혀 實施하지 않고있다. 6. 1991年末 山林組合 總收入中 事業收入이 全體收入의 73.2%를 차지하고 있으며 이중 養苗事業이 11.9%, 資源造成事業 53.9%, 林産事業이 3.7%, 共販事業이 1.8%, 利用事業이 1.9%로 協同組合 으로서의 機能인 林産,共販,利用事業이 組合 收入額에서 차지하는 比率은 7.5%를 넘지 못하고 있다. 7. 1991年末 積立金의 絶對金額 構成比는 1986年과 1988年에 比하여 繼續 增加 하고 있으나 總資産에서 차지하는 比率은 0.9%에 不過한 貧弱한 財務構造를 가지고 있어 借入金에 의한 事業擴大가 困難한것으로 나타났다. 8. 林業技術指導員들의 86.6%는 林業技術指導員으로서 矜持를 가지고 있지 못하고 있었으며 이들의 50.7%가 林業技術指導員을 郡 農村指導所에 配置하여 純粹 林業技術指導事業과 組合自體 收益事業을 分離해야 한다고 하였다. 9. 林業協同組合化에 對한 見解는 反對 54.3%, 贊成 33.9%, 무어라 말하기 어렵다 또는모르겠다가 11.8%로 나타냈다. 10. 林業經營上 當面하고 있는 問題로 79.1% 山主가 木材價格이 싸서 困難 하다고 하였으며 山을 팔고 싶지만 살사람이 없다는 山主가 14.1%였고 將來의 林業經營에 對해 協業體地域 山主 71.1%, 一般地域 山主 78.8%가 서서히 規模를 縮小 하겠다고 하였다. 山林組合의 活性化를 위한 方案으로 다음과 같은 提案을 하였다. ①. 山林組合法上 山林契와 山林組合 業務의 明確한 區分. ②. 山主들의 所得源 多樣化를 위한 副産物 林業의 擴大普及. ③. 山林施策事業의 山林組合 代行時 適正 收益率 保障. ④. 總資産에 對한 積立金 比率 提高. ⑤. 林業技術指導員 處遇의 改善 및 郡 農村指導所 配置. ⑥. 林業協同組合으로의 組織改編 再考. ⑦. 私有林 示範協業體 育成. ⑧. 環境的 價植를 木材價에 反映. This study was conducted to investigate new approaches to enhance the activities of Foresters'Associations by analyzing their organigation and management schemes. Twenty-two Forester'associations that belong to Chonnam Provincial Branch Office, National Foresters'Association were selected as a sample group, and their publications, references and statistical data were analyzed. Also, suggestions and recommendations for the improvement of their activities were collected by taking polls from 82 technical extension personnals and 163 forest owners of the province through interviews and mail surveys. Results and conclusions are summarized as follows: 1. Current number of Forester's Associations in Chonnam Province are 22 in 1991, There are 2,609 Sub-Forester's Associations and 116 special members, and average numbers her association are 119 in the Sub-Forester's Associations, 5 special associates, 44 association staffs, 3 technicians,113 technical extension personnals, 21 technical employees and 1 service man. So the total staff is 162 excluding technical employees and service man. The average number of the Sub-Foresters' Association her staff are 16 unit, the average number of members are 1,550 persons, and the area of private forest is 3,780ha. 2. Although a harmonious process of Sub-Foresters' Associations business is important,the responsibilities between Sub-Forest Associations and Forester's Associations are not clearly divided legally. 3. On the survey of the main income source, 52.1% of forest owners in the cooperative forest management areas were the cultivation of the forest by-product, and 68.4% of the forest owners in general areas were the gathering of the forest by-product. 4. On the immediate task of the Forester's Associations,as responded by 39.8% of forest owners in the cooperative forest management areas and 52.5% of the forest owners in general areas, was the strengthening support of the government, 43.9% of the technical extension personnals responded that reimprovement of the organization of the Forester's Association was important. 5. Among the amount of receiving order of the Foresters' Associations in 1991,107 billion won, landscape improvements occupy 25.7% and forest road construction occupies 25.5%. Forest management in charge of the small-scale private forests and the forests owned by people living in distant areas are not conducted at all. 6. The business income of the total Foresters' associantion incomes occupies 73.2%. Among them, seedling cultivation business occupies 11.9%. resource construction business 53.9%, forestry production business 3.7%, selling business 1.8% and using business 1.9%. The percentage of the forestry, selling and using businesses as the function of cooperative associations is less then 7.5%. 7. The ratio of the absolute amount of the reserve in the 1991 increased in comparison with 1986 and 1988, but It has a poor financial structure that the ratio of total capital is only 0.9%. 8. 86.6% of the technical extension personals are not satisfied about their jobs and 50.7% of them consider that they had better be placed at the rural guidance office of the county. They feel that the forestry technical training and the business by the association itself must be separated. 9. In the opinion of pros and cons of the forest cooperative association, oppositions, agreements, and blank answers were 54.3m. 33.9x, and 11.8x, respectively. 10. On the immediate problem of the forest management, 79.1% of the forest owners responded that it is difficult because the price of wood is too cheap and 14.1% answered that althouth they want to sell the forests, there is no purchaser. On the future forest management,71.1% in the cooperative forest management areas and 78.8% in general areas considered it will be gradually reduced. Accordingly, the measures enhancing the activities of the foresters' Associations are suggested as follows: 1. Clear division of the Sub Forest Association and the forest association under the forest association law. 2. Extension and diffussion of by-product forestry for diversifing the income sources of the mountain owners. 3. Security of the optimum profit rate when executing as proxy by the forest association of the forest policy project. 4. Improvement of the rate of reserve of total capital. 5. Better treatment of the technical extension personnals and placement to rural guidance office of the county. 6. Reconsideration of the reorganization as the forest cooperative association. 7. Cultivation of model cooperative management of private forest. 8. Reflection of the environmental value on the price of wood.
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