목공예품 보존용 송진 기반 에폭시 접착제 및 메움제의 제조와 적용성에 관한 연구

위광철,한원식,오승준,Wi, Koang-Chul,Han, Won-Sik,Oh, Seung-Jun 한국문화재보존과학회 2020 보존과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

송진을 기반으로한 2액형의 주제를 합성하고 이를 이용하여 접착제와 메움제를 제조하였다. 접착제 주제는 Maleic anhydride modified rosin에 epichlorohydrin을 반응시켜 epoxide group 이 형성되도록 제조하고 경화제는 상온 경화형 triethylenetetramine을 사용하였다. 제조된 접착제는 주제와 경화제의 비는 100 : 20이었으며, 메움제는 Filler를 혼합하여 주제와 경화제 모두를 점토형으로 제조하였다. 제조된 원액 접착제와 메움제는 우수한 접착 강도(3.06 MPa)와 자외선 조사에서 매우 안정한 결과(△E^* ab 3.55, △b^* 3.17)를 나타내어 기존 시판 복원용 접착제들에 비하여 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 또 경화 완료 후에 acetone과 toluene 등의 유기 용매에 용해되어 가역성을 갖는 재료로 볼 수 있어 복원으로 인하여 발생될 수 있는 문제점의 일부를 해결한 결과를 나타내었다. 제조된 접착제 및 메움제를 이용해 실제 목공예품에 적용하여 작업성, 안정성, 제거성 등에서 우수한 결과를 나타내었으며 이를 이용할 경우 다양한 분야의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, we synthesized rosin-based epoxy resin and manufactured two components adhesives and epoxy putty using this epoxy resin. This study manufactured main element of adhesives for enabling it to form epoxide group by letting epichlorohydrin react to maleic anhydride modified rosin, and used room temperature curing type triethylenetetramine for hardener. The ratio between main element and hardener of of manufactured adhesives was 100 : 20, and main element and hardener of filling material were manufactured as clay type by mixing them with filler. Manufactured undiluted adhesives and filling material showed very stable result in the adhesive strength (3.06 MPa) and ultraviolet irradiation, showing outstanding result comparing to existing restoration adhesives. And it is considered a material having reversibility as it was dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone and toluene after being hardened, which showed a result that solved part of possible problems caused by restoration. As a result of use and application of manufactured adhesives and filling material for actual wood crafts, they showed excellent results in workability, stability, removability etc., and this study confirmed that the material can be used for and applied to various fields.

함안 도항리 출토 말갑옷(마갑)의 과학적 보존처리

위광철,Wi, Koang-Chul 국립문화재연구소 1996 保存科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

Horse armour from Dohang-ri site had been retained its original form and all iron metal fragments of armour were very completely corroded without remaining metal core. Horse armour excavated is archaeologically very important, Also it should be maintained the original form. So, only moderate treatments such as brushing and consolidation techniques were performed. The processes for the conservation is as follows : 1) preliminary investigation, 2)removal of chlorides and corrosion products, 3) consolidation with 40% ParaloidNAD-10, 4) joining and restoration

함안 도항리 마갑총출토 철제금은상감환두대도의 제작기법 및 보존처리

위광철,Wi, Koang-Chul 국립문화재연구소 1998 保存科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Conservation Treatment Process 1. Inlaying is observed at the back and head of a sword to grasp the inner structure of relics by photographing X-ray. 2. After removing rust of surface, inlaying emerge. 3. After hardening, inlaying emerge to magnetite layer by standing Scapel and Vibrotool throught microscope. Charcterization 1. Most of domestic inlaying become designed to the head of a sword but this inlaying become designed to gold inlaying to the back of a sword. 2. Inlaying is the technique to groove V-shape on the surface of relice and to put gold thread in.

出土 土器遺物의 現場 收拾方法에 관한 研究

魏光徹(Wi Koang Chul) 한국문화사학회 2007 文化史學 Vol.0 No.27

出土 軟質土器의 損傷原因 및 强化處理에 관한 硏究

魏光徹(Wi Koang Chul),徐廷昊(Seo Jeong Ho) 한국문화사학회 2009 文化史學 Vol.0 No.31

서울지역 發掘 遺構 保存現況 및 保存方法에 관한 檢討

魏光徹(Wi, Koang Chul) 한국문화사학회 2013 文化史學 Vol.0 No.40

나주 복암리 고분 출토 금동신발 보존처리

유재은,위광철,류인숙,신의경,Yu, Jae-Eun,Wi, Koang-Chul,You, In-Sook,Shin, Ui-Kyoung 국립문화재연구소 1998 保存科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-

Bokam-ri site was excavated from July 1996 to September 1998 and archaeologically assumed to be grouped with tombs of Mahan period. Among these groups, Tomb No. 3 had built up with stone chamber and found one pair of gilted footware near the jar coffin. This footware was severely corroded and cracked so transfered it gently with soil. Radiography film of this footware showed spike decorations on the bottom and fish-shapped ornament. Gilted footware was consolidated with soil using Paraloid B72 10%~15%solution and cleaned using small tools and microscope. SV427 and HV427 as epoxy resin and Araldite(rapid type) used for joining and restoring. The fore part of gilted footware was connected with nails and folded “L” shape to introduce the bottom material. Tortoise-shell design and flower ornaments appeared on the surface and fish-shaped ornaments, spikes and spangles on the bottom. It was found that 7 spikes and 5 fish-shaped ornaments remained well. Especially, Fish-shaped ornaments were firstly found in the gilted footware and appraised archaeologically important materials.

국립고궁박물관 소장 태조어진 장황 유소의 재질분석 및 보존처리 방안 연구

이승리,위광철,Lee, Seung Lee,Wi, Koang Chul 한국문화재보존과학회 2015 보존과학회지 Vol.31 No.1

이 연구에서는 국립고궁박물관 소장 태조어진 유소의 상태 조사와 재질 분석을 통해 다회류 유물의 이해를 돕고 보존처리 시 발생할 수 있는 변형률에 대한 안정성 검증 및 효율성을 높이고자 하였다. 유소의 재질 분석 결과 겉실은 견사, 속실은 면사, 금속사의 너비는 $500{\sim}600{\mu}m$,주성분 Copper 55wt%로 확인되었다. 또한 방울술의 형태 교정 시우려되는 변형률을 확인한 결과 1TPCM의 미만의 변형률로 안정성을 검증 하였으며, 절사된 술의 단면을 접합하기 위한 접착제 선정 실험에서는 소맥전분풀이 모든 농도에서 가장 높은 인장력을 도출하여 사용이 가장 용이하다고 판단된다. 이와 같이 유물 분석 및 실험을 토대로 보존처리 과정을 수립하였으며, 그 계획에 따라 보존처리를 실행하여 포장에 이르기 까지 처리를 완료 하였다. The purposes of this study are helping the understanding on the Dae-hwe kind relics, verifying the deformation rate stability during conservation treatment and enhancing the conservation treatment work by investigating the status and analyzing the material of Taejo's portrait mounting decorative knots in the National Palace Museum of Korea collection. The result of material analysis on the decorative knots was that the outer threads are silk threads, inner threads are cotton threads, the width of the metal threads was $500{\sim}600{\mu}m$ and the major component of it was 55wt% copper. The result of verification on the deformation rate during the form correction of the bell tassel was that it has been found as stable by having the deformation rate of 1 TPCM or less. The result of glue selection test to be used on the repairing of tassel cross-section with its thread cut was that wheat starch adhesive has been found most appropriate because it has the highest tensile strength at all concentrations. The conservation and treatment procedure was established based on above results of analysis and test on the relic and the conservation treatment work including packaging has been completed in accordance with the established procedure.

고대 출토 철제 유물의 환경 변화에 따른 고찰

문환석,김병근,위광철,황진주,Moon, Whan-Suk,Kim, Byoung-Gun,Wi, Koang-Chul,Hwang, Jin-ju 국립문화재연구소 1993 保存科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

The way of prevention for the continuous corrosion progress in iron antiquities after excavation and conservation treatment have been studied. The corrosion occuring have been found the oxidation of ferrous ions in the presence of chloride. The consideration to control the activity of chloride is important of controling relative humidity for the stable environment of the storage. One of the method that keeps archeological iron antiquities recommend the storage of special vinyl film(poly-vinyl alcohol film) with silica gel to control the relative humidity. Although this method is not permanent, it's very well efficiency of economy and convenience at present.

카라기난 기반 액상형 바이오 종이 접착제의 제조 및 물성에 관한 연구

오승준,한원식,위광철,Oh, Seung-Jun,Han, Won-Sik,Wi, Koang-Chul 한국문화재보존과학회 2020 보존과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

휘발성 유기 화합물 기반의 접착제를 대체하고자 천연 재료에 대한 수요가 늘고 있지만, 제조 및 생산의 전 과정에서 휘발성 유기화합물 사용을 일절 배제할 경우, 제조의 곤란, 생산성 및 보존성의 저하 등의 단점이 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 해조류의 카라기난 성분을 이용해 천연바이오 접착제를 제조하고 종이 접착제로서의 가능성을 확인해보고자 하였다. 카라기난을 이용한 액상형 바이오 종이 접착제의 제조에서 carrageenan의 겔화는 접착제의 제조과정, 발림성, 균일성, 접착 강도의 문제를 나타내게 된다. 이를 위하여 추출된 전체 carrageenan 중에서 λ-carrageenan만을 분리하여 사용하였으며 이로 인하여 매우 안정된 종이 접착제의 제조가 가능하였다. 최종 조성은 λ-carrageenan 52.0 ± 1.0%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 30.5 ± 0.5%, ethylhexylglycerin 1.0 ± 0.05%, glycerin 1.5 ± 0.05%, dextrine 13.5 ± 0.5%, 식품용 소포제 FD330A 0.6 ± 0.05%의 조성이었다. 이들이 나타내는 점도는 1.13 ± 0.07 × 10⁵ cPs (25℃), pH 6.22, 건조속도 15 min, △b^* -10.79, △E^*ab 8.18의 자외선 열화 결과를 나타내고 있었으며 44.63 kgf/cm²의 매우 우수한 접착 강도를 나타내고 있었다. 이 접착제는 TVOC, HCHO 및 중금속 모두에서 불검출 결과를 나타내었으며 총호기성생균수 측정과 ASTM G 21-15 시험법에 의하여 곰팡이 challenge test에서도 곰팡이에 대한 우수한 저항성 결과를 나타내고 있어서 접착제의 항속성에서도 우수한 결과를 나타내고 있는 것으로 보인다. There is a growing demand for natural materials to replace adhesives based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the exclusion of VOCs from the manufacturing process leads to difficulties in manufacturing, and reduction in productivity and preservability. In this paper, we report the manufacture of natural bioadhesives using the carrageenan component of seaweed. λ-carrageenan, isolated from the extracted total carrageenan, was used to prepare a highly stable adhesive for paper. The resulting composition was 52.0 ± 1.0% λ-carrageenan, 30.5 ± 0.5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone, 1.0 ± 0.05% ethylhexylglycerin, 1.5 ± 0.05% glycerin, 13.5 ± 0.5% dextrine, and 0.6 ± 0.05% food-grade antifoam emulsion. The viscosity was found to be 1.13 ± 0.07 × 105 cP (25℃), UV degradation occurred at pH6.22, drying rate was 15min, △b^* was -10.79, and △E^* ab was 8.18. The bioadhesive showed an excellent adhesion strength of 44.63 kgf/cm². Thus this adhesive showed excellent fungal resistance and good adhesive persistence, without the presence of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and heavy metals.