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왕창근(Chang Keun Wang),오상은(Sang Eun Oh) 大韓環境工學會 2012 대한환경공학회지 Vol.34 No.1
상수원인 K강 하류부에서의 COD (4~10 mg/L)는 매우 높으며 암모니아성질소의 농도(겨울철 3.5 mg/L) 또한 매우 높다. 암모나아 자체는 이 농도 범위에서 인체에 독성을 주지는 않지만 우리나라 먹는물 기준인 0.5 mg/L로 맞추어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 K강 상수원을 고도처리 하고자 기존의 일반적인 상수처리공정을 수정하여 파일롯플랜트를 제작하여 운전하였다. 암모니아를 제거하고 염소소독 부산물 일부 제거를 위하여 파괴점 염소주입 및 분말활성탄 투여 공정을 응집조전공정에 넣었다. 또한 모래여과 공정 다음에 입상활성탄공정을 넣어 미량 잔류유기물을 제거하고자 하였다. 파일롯플렌트는 36 톤/일 규모이며 1년 동안 운전이 되었다. 본 수정된 공정을 통하여 암모니아를 제거하고 여러 유기물질(DOC, MBAS, UV-254 nm absorbance 등)들을 제거할 수 있었다. 유입 DOC 농도는 유입기간 동안 3~6 mg/L 계속 높았으며 1 mg/L로 낮추기 위해서는 GAC 필터의 2 m 높이는 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 파괴점 염소주입에서 투입 염소농도가 잘 주입이 되었을 때 암모니아의 제 거는 98%이상이었으며 낮은 유리 잔류염소 농도와 분말활성탄 투여로 트리할로메탄(THM)은 낮게 검출되었다. Down Stream K River has high COD (4-10 mg/L) and high NH₃-N concentration (3.5 mg/L during winter period). Although NH₃-N itself is not reported harmful at this level, it must be removed to meet drinking water standard (0.5 mg/L). We constructed a pilot plant modifying the processes of conventional drinking water facilities. Prechlorination and powdered activated carbon (PAC) dechlorination was adopted prior to a flocculation tank to remove ammonia and prevent disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation. Also, GAC processes was included after sand filter to remove residual DOC. This pilot having a capacity of 36 ton/day was operated for one year. The GAC processes were successful to remove ammonia and many organic pollutants (DOC, MBAS, UV- 254 nm absorbance, etc). Influent DOC concentrations were very high as 3~6 mg/L throughout the plant operation. It was impossible to achieve 1.0 mg/L effluent DOC, indicating that bed depth (2 m) should be increased to achieve more strict DOC quality standards. When Cl₂ dose was well controlled (Cl₂/NH₃-N ratio 10~11 on a weight basis), NH₃-N removal was 98% and THMs was very low possibly due to low free residual chlorine and PAC dechlorination.
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파괴점 염소주입에 의한 NH3 - N 제거 및 THM 생성의 최소화를 위한 PAC dechlorination
오상은,왕창근 ( Sang Eun Oh,Chang Keun Wang ) 한국물환경학회 1997 한국물환경학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Influent NH₃-N concentration in downstream Keum River during winter period was as high as 3.5㎎/l. Although NH₃-N itself is not reported harmful at this level, it must be removed to meet drinking water quality standard of 0.5㎎/l. When high concentration of NH₃-N is not sufficiently removed during prechlorination, it is expected that too much chloramines are formed during post chlorination, and consumers` complaints are expected due to heavy smell of chloramine. Not sufficient disinfection efficiency by chloramine is also expected. Prechlorination and PAC dechlorination was adopted in the pilot plant study to prevent DBP formation by possible small amount of residual free chlorine after breakpoint. When chlorine dose is well controlled, NH₃-N removal is over 98% and THM formation is very low because of low free residual chlorine due to PAC dechlorination. In bench scale test, breakpoint appeared when Cl₂/NH₃-N ratio was 10∼11 on a weight basis and breakpoint reaction was almost completed within 10∼15min. After chlorination, PAC dose of l0㎎/l resulted in removal of 1∼1.5㎎/l free chlorine for 10 minutes. PAC reacted very slowly with NH₂Cl but very fast with free chlorine, and PAC removed more free chlorine at low pH than high pH.
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