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오소택,김상철 원광대학교 치의학연구소 1996 圓光齒醫學 Vol.6 No.3
Whether extraction is needed, which tooth is supposed to be extracted or what is the result in the arch after treatment with extraction, are the controversial items in orthodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of the positional change of both anterior and posterior tooth following the orthodontic treatment with standard edgewise technique after extraction of four first bicuspids, and to compare it with that of cases without extraction. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms of 109 orthodontic patients (48 of class Ⅰ, 29 of class Ⅱ and 32 of class Ⅲ malocclusion), of which, 44 cases were treated with 4 first premolar extraction and 65 races were treated without extraction, were superimposed in reference to palatal plane for the measurement of positional changes of upper teeth, and in reference to mandibular plane for the positional changes of lower teeth by treatment. The measurements were compared statistically. The results were as follows. 1. Upper molars moved more forward in extraction group than in non-extraction group. 2. All of upper and lower molars were extruded by treatment, except upper molars of non-extraction group in class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ malocclusion. The degree of extrusion was greater in extraction group than in non-extraction group. 3. Most of upper and lower incisors were lingually tilted, but lower incisors of all the non-extraction groups and upper incisors of non-extraction group in class Ⅲ malocclusion were labially tilted. 4. The extrusion of upper incisors and the intrusion of lower incisors were manifested in both extraction group and non-extraction group.
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류정현,오소택,강경화,김상철 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.5
니켈과 크롬은 대부분의 교정장치를 제작하는데 사용되는 합금을 구성하는 주요한 금속이다. 그러나 이들 금속은 과민반응, 피부염, 천식 등의 주요한 원인이 되며, 이들 금속의 우발적인 흡입에 의해 암이 유발될 수 있음이 보고된바 있다. 이에 하악 standard edgewise 브라켓을 이용한 사분악의 교정 장치를 37℃, 0.05% NaCl 용액에 저장하여 교정장치의 부식에 의해 유리된 니켈과 크롬을 Inductively Coupled Plasma(ICP) spectroanalyzer를 이용하여 측정하였다. 교정장치로부터, 1일 평균 9.83-70.0㎍/day의 니켈이 유리되었으나, 크롬은 10ppb 측정한계에서 측정불가능 하였다. 니켈 유리량은 제품에 따라 유의한 차이를 가져왔다. Galvanic 조건이나 Sand blasting 처리는 니켈 유리량에 증가를 가져왔으나 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. Nickel and chromium are two major metals used in the alloys of most orthodontic appliances. But these metals arc known to cause hypersensitivity, dermatitis, and asthma. In addition, a significant carcinogenic and mutagenic potential has been demonstrated for compounds containing these metals. The purpose of this study was to find out how much nickel and chromium was released from orthodontic appliances, and which factors would influence the release. The simulated orthodontic appliances were constructed for a half of a mandibular arch and incubated in 0.05% NaCl solution at 37℃. Nickel and chromium release was quantified with an Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroanalyzer. The results were as follows 1. From simulated orthodontic appliances, nickel was released 9.83-70.0㎍/day but the release of chromium was not detectable in limit of l0ppb. 2. The amount of nickel release was significantly different between the types of appliances. 3. The galvanic condition increased the amount of nickel release, which was not statistically significant. 4. The sand blasting increased the amount of nickel release, which was also not statistically significant.
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Effect of Hypoxia on the Signal Transduction of Apoptosis in Osteoblasts
Park, Young-Joo,Oh, Soh-Taek,Kang, Kyung-Hwa,Kim, Sang-Cheol 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.6
본 연구는 MC3T3E1 조골세포가 저산소증에 반응하여 유발될 수 있는 세포 고사조절 기전을 구명하고자 함에 목적이 있다. 2% 저산소증의 조건하에서 MC3T3E1 조골세포는 DNA사다리 분절 형성을 보였으며 형광성 염료인 Hoechst 33258로 염색된 핵 구조 형태 관찰시 시간이 지남에 따라 세포고사 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. Pancaspase 억제제인 Z-VAD-FMK나 특정한 caspase-3 억제제인 Z-DEVD-CHO로 사전 처치하였을 경우에는 저산소증에 의한 DNA 사다리 분절형성이 농축에 비례하여 억제되었다. caspase-3류의 프로테아제(DEVDase) 활성 증가가 세포고사 중에 관찰되었으나 caspase-1 (YVADase)의 활성은 없었다. 어떤 caspase가 세포고사에 관여하는지를 확인하기 위하여 anti-caspase-3 또는 anti -caspase-6의 항체를 이용한 western blotting이 시행되었다. caspase-3의 활성산물에 해당하는 17-KDa 단백질과 caspase-6의 활성산물인 20-KDa 단백질이 세포용해물에서 발생되었다. 또한 시간 경과와 더불어 caspase-6의 활동의 상징인 Lamin A의 분열을 일으켰으며, 사이토크롬 C를 cytosol로 방출하였다. 이로써 저산소증에 의한 조골세포의 고사 과정에 사이토크롬 C의 방출이 포함된 caspase의 활성이 관여한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Mammalian cell is critically dependent on a continuous supply of oxygen. Even brief periods of oxygen deprivation can result in profound cellular damage. The aim of this study was to examine the possible mechanism of apoptosis in response to hypoxia in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts. MC3T3E1 osteoblasts under hypoxic conditions (2% oxygen) resulted in apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, determined by DNA fragmentation assay and nuclear morphology, stained with fluorescent dye (Hoechst 33258) Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pancaspase inhibitor, or Z-DEVD-CHO, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, suppressed the DNA ladder in response to hypoxia in a concentration-dependent manner. An increase in caspase-3-like protease (DEVDase) activity was observed during apoptosis, but no caspase-1 activity (YVADase) was detected. To confirm what caspases were involved in apoptosis, western blot analysis was performed using an anticaspase-3 or 6 antibody. The 17-kDa protein, that corresponds to the active products of caspase-3 and the 20-kDa protein of the active protein of caspase-6 were generated in hypoxia-challenged lysates, in which the full length forms of caspase-3 and 6 were evident. With a time course similar to caspase-3 and 6 activation, hypoxic stress also caused the cleavage of Lamin A, typical of caspase-6 activity. In addition, the hypoxic stress elicited the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol during apoptosis. These findings suggested that the activation of caspases accompanied by a cytochrome c release in response to hypoxia was involved in apoptotic cell death in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts.
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