한국인 영어 리듬 발화의 음향음성학적 분석

염문실 우송대학교 2003 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

This paper analyzes the production of English stress and rhythm by English and Korean speakers using acoustic measurements. The investigation focused on the acoustic parameters along which the two groups of speakers differed. Two native English speakers and five Korean speakers were tape recorded in an oral reading task. Speech analysis showed that the two groups of speakers differed along the spectral dimension. When the productions of both the native speakers and the non-native speakers based on gender were analyzed for the stress in terms of the intensity and duration, the data showed that non-native production can be readily distinguished from native production. Also the isochrony and the speed uttered by the two groups were investigated through the spectrogram. The results indicated that most Korean speakers ignored not only the phenomenon on post-lexical phonology but also the stress for the isocrony of English while reading it. It was found that the speed of the sentence uttered by Korean speakers was longer than the speed of the same sentence uttered by the native speakers as well. It is proposed that conventional instruction which makes the students put emphasis on the pronunciation of segmental sounds of English might well be replaced by instruction that encourages the student to learn the suprasegmental phenomenon in English.

한국인 영어 문장강세와 리듬 사용에 관한 연구 : 실험음성학적 관점에 의한 분석

염문실 우송대학교 2004 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference between Korean English learners' English speech rhythm and those of native speakers based on Pratt 4.0(Pascal van Lieshout, 2002), a sound effect analysis program. This date is analyzed in terms of pitch, duration, and intensity in sentence level. Two native English speakers and nine Korean speakers were recorded directly to Pratt for acoustic measurements in an oral reading task. It is noted that there was not as much pitch change in the Korean English learners as that of native speakers. However, the intensity variance by Korean leaners was used more than that of native English speakers. This is because Korean learners perceive that the loudness and length of sounds has to be used for prominence. It was also found that it took longer most of Korean learners to utter the same sentences than the average of native speakers. It is proposed that to make Korean learners perceive the importance of rhythm and intonation of English and practice is critical to foster communication ability.

국어 음운분석을 통한 영어 발음지도

염문실 우송대학교 부설 산업연구원 1999 산업연구 Vol.1 No.1

한국학생들의 정확한 영어발음 습득을 위해, 그들이 사용하는 모국어의 음소적 자질에 따라 그 음소를 체계화하고 변이음과 음소배열의 분석을 통해, 학생들이 영어를 발음하는데 어려움을 겪을 수 있는 부분들을 찾고, 모국어와 영어의 음소들, 변이음, 음절구조가 어떻게 다른지를 비교 분석하여 발음상 예상되는 문제점을 지적하고 있다. 실제 한 한국인 학습자의 영어 발음을 통해 문제점으로 예상했던 부분이 사실상 어떻게 발견되었는지를 분석하여 대부분의 한국학생들이 영어 학습시 쉽게 범할수 있는 발음상의 오류를 예상하여 그들 부분에 대한 정확한 발음 습득을 돕고자 한다. The main purpose to study a foreign language is to get enough language proficiency to communicate with others in that language. There is no doubt that people should acquire the correct pronunciation of the language to be a good communicatior in foreign language. Each language has it's own sound system: sound inventory, sound sequences, and phonological process. That's why the differences between Korean and English sound systems make Korean students cause the problems to pronunce English correctly. It is so helpful for the foreign language learners and instructors to recognize clearly how different the tow languages are in order to get the accurate knowledge of the sound system of the foreign language. This study will analyze the complete phoneic systems and the rules of phonology of Korean and compare the sound system of Korean language with that of English. Thus English instructors could predict the difficulties which are most likely to occur to the students speaking English and spend more effort and time specifically to resolve those. In this study, a Korean learner who has learned English for about 10 years was examined to find out whether the person had the predicted difficulties or not in English pronunciation.

한국적 교육 여건에서 원어민 영어교사들의 효율적 관리

염문실 우송대학교 1997 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The market for the English education in Korea has been growing bigger and bigger, so the demand for the native speakers for aeanglish education is increasing so fast. The Ministry of Education(MOE) in Korea has tried to change the style of the English program for the students from the elementary to the high school. The been realized as the nation becomes globalized. The MOE's plan is that by the year of 200 all the students in elementary school are reguired to the English conversation classes from the 3rd year. In order to implement the MOE's program, more than 1000 native speakers are needed in a year. Providing that many native speakers to teach English conversation does not necessarily mean a good qualified English education to the students. Based on the experience working with EFL sojourn workers in Korean educational environments for over 7 years, a study was performed to investigate more efficient way of supporting the native speakers in order for them to do their job effectively while they stay in Korea to teach English conversation. First of all, this paper will describe the nature of the difficulties experienced and caused by EFL sojourners in Korean academic environments in the Korean administrator's point of view and the importance of the official orientation and training program for them to develop the means to deal with new environment. Secondly, this paper will discuss the programs the school has implemented along with the eventual outcome of the events. And then, this paper will suggest more efficient ways of supporting native speakers for them to adjust themselves in Korea and to perform their duties of teaching English conversation to Korean students effectively.

교양영어회화 교육의 운영 결과 분석

염문실 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a compulsory English conversation course taught by English native speaking teachers at Woo-Song University has worked. The first part of the paper will explain the goal, the contents, and the curriculum of the course in detail. A total of 2,000 first year students was studied to determine how much they had improved in English conversation after the course. The placement tests and the achievement tests were developed. A 28 item Likert scale questionnaire is analyzed to identify student's attitudes towards the English conversation course. The result revealed that the English conversation course by native speaking teachers has been pretty much successful. However, this study is performed to investigate some problems and find more efficient ways of teaching English conversation by native speakers, such as improving test exemption system, the program for supporting native speakers, the program for providing students a great stimulus to become active learners.

남녀 성별에 따른 영어 사용상의 차이 연구

염문실 우송대학교 2000 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

추상적인 생각과 정보를 소통 가능하게 하는 언어를 뺀 어떤 인간 사회의 존재도 생각할 수 없다. 이미 한 세대이상 걸쳐 남녀 성별에 따른 언어 사용상의 차이에 대해 계속적으로 관찰되어 왔지만 최근에서야 그에 대한 과학적인 조사 분석이 되어지고 있다. 남녀 성별에 따른 언어사용의 차이를 통해 그들 내면의 생각과 감정, 사회적 배경과 위치까지도 함께 연관되어 있음을 그동안의 연구를 통해 알수 있게 되었고 이번 관찰을 통해서도 성별에 따라 쓰는 단어와 문장 형태 그리고 화제의 주제가 확실히 다르다는 것을 알 수 있다. 여성이 주로 쓰는 말은 남성보다는 좀 더 다른 사람을 배려하여 예의바르게 완곡한 표현을 사용하며, 부드럽게 내면의 생각들을 감정과 함께 표현하는데 비하여, 남성들은 좀더 자발적이고 자기 중심적으로 직설적이며 간결한 문장을 사용하여 주로 공적이며 비사교적인 문제에 대해 주로 이야기를 하는 것 등으로 나타나고 있다. 그러한 성별에 따른 언어 사용상의 차이는 문법적 구성에 대한 근본적인 것에 차이가 있는 것이 아니라 단지 표면적으로 나타나는 표현상의 차이일 뿐이지만 그 표면의 차이에는 각 각 그들이 처해 있는 사회적, 정신적 위치와 상태를 표출하고 있는 것이다. It is impossible to think of any human society without dealing with the language that serves to make abstract communication possible. The different the language style of the female and male worlds have been noted for more than a generation. Weitz(1977) mentions that in all languages that have male and female variants, the differences are rather superficial and never reflect any structural difference in syntactic patterning(such as word order). What do differ are features of pronunciation and the use of various prefixes and suffixes added to words that identify the sex of the speaker and/or the person spoken about. These superficial differences make the sound of male and female speech quite distinctive, but the deep structure of the language remains the same; therefore it is incorrect to speak of “different“languages. The forms of words may vary but not the language itself. Of course, in this paper, the result of linguistic studies concerning american male and female just in speech difference, not in language differences is going to be handled. The contents of this paper have two parts: first, description of recent studies about the subject which have already been done by some linguists, especially socialinguists and second, a research by using field method through observations on male and female university students.

원어민 교수 평가와 학생 학업 성취도

마크 슈베더스키,염문실 우송대학교 1998 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

학생들의 학업성취도와 교수들의 교수 방법에 대한 학생들의 반응간 명확한 관계 정립이 없이 두 요소들간에 상당한 차이가 있다고 하는 것은 적절히 설명되어져야 할 것이다. 각각의 소집단을 구성하고 있는 모집단의 표본들 사이에 괄목할 만한 차이점들이 없고, 강의 내용과 배경들이 일정하기 때문에 교사들 개개인의 차이가 측정할 만한 영향의 근원인것 같다. 각 교사들의 가능한 차이점들로는 교사들의 성별, 학력, 영어교사로서의 경력, 근속기간등을 들 수 있다. 교사에 대한 학생 평가를 교육의 주요 목적과 무관한 것으로 생각할 수도 있지만, 그런 성급한 결론은 여러가지 중요한 문제들을 무시해 버리는 결과를 초래하게 된다. 본 연구에서 나타난 바에 의하면, 학업성취도와 교사평가에 관련이 있는 것으로 관찰된 교사의 성별 의존도는, 밀접한 상관관계를 예측하지는 않았는데, 결과에 영향을 미쳤다. 한국의 대학 1학년 학생들이 여성교사에 갖고 있는 확실한 선호도는 교사의 어떤 태도보다 학생들의 학업성취에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 학생들의 학업성취에 있어서 실질적으로 인지 할 수 있는 교사의 태도는 물론 교사의 성별과 성품이 얼마나 중요한 공헌을 하는 지 더욱 세밀한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 조심스럽게 해석되어야 하겠지만, 학업성취도와 교사평가 결과에 대하여 class group간 발생한 상당한 차이점은, 학업성취도와 교사평가에 영향을 끼치는 교사들에 기인하는 요소들에 대한 아주 좋은 향후 연구과제로 판단된다. 학생들의 교사에 대한 자세와 언어 학습 성취도 사이에 상관관계가 있다는 보증은 없지만. 앞으로 보다 심도 있는 연구를 통해 현재는 불분명한 것으로 판단된 그 상관관계를 밝힐 수 있을 것이다. 학업성취도와 교사평가 사이의 관계가 확실히 밝혀질 때까지는, 학생들이 교사평가 내용에 포함되어 있는 교수방법(으로 부터 많은 도움을) 받을 수 있다고 가정하는 것은 아직 불충분한 것이다. A pre-experimental research design was used in this paper to demonstrate the relationship between students' English as a Foreign Language (EFL) achievement scores and students' attitudes towards teachers' teaching behavior (SATT) scores. While an underlying relationship has been frequently assumed between good teaching vis a vis student attitudes about good teaching and achievement, a search of the literature i the field reveals few studies that address this issue. A total of 210 first year Korean university students in six classes (n=35) and six North American English speaking teachers were studies in situ to determine if there were differences between six class groups in achievement and SATT scores, as well as to ascertain the relationships between such scores. Language achievement tests were developed and a 10 item Likert scale questionnaire was implemented to measure SATT behaviors. Course content, context and materials were controlled for and all participants were unaware of the current study to prevent Hawthorne effect skewing. While significant differences (p<0.01) were demonstrated between groups by One-Way ANOVA testing for achievement and SATT scores the results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation testing revealed very week relationships. ?? post hoc testing revealed two female teachers whose groups performed significantly higher than other groups and two female teachers who were rated significantly higher than other groups in their SATT scores. Observation of the mean scores for achievement and SATT indicate that teachers' gender is a strong moderating variable that needs to be carefully controlled for in future studies. The demonstrated lack of a strong correlation between SATT and achievement scores is discussed and recommendations for more powerful factorial design studies are made.

통합적 교수방법을 원용한 대학교양영어 교과과정 및 강의에 대한 연구

성기완,염문실 우송대학교 2000 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Current English teaching in college needs to be improved to meet new challenge in this information and globalization age. In other words, instead of relying on fragmented and decontextualized teaching and learning, interdisciplinary approaches of teaching English using multiple texts or teaching materials and computer technology are necessary not only for learners to acquire different types of knowledge but also to utilize them in diverse social contexts. In other words, the field of English Education should work toward designing an integrated program, which helps establish a meaningful learning community to allow both teachers and learners to engage in transaction of meaning and knowledge. In so doing, teaching language in context necessitates the inclusion of the target and native cultures. Accordingly, this paper is a seminal work regarding the development of an integrated English program in college and explores a possibility of project in which a group of teachers engage in team teaching and leading workshops to encourage college students to experience many different types of learning. Though experimental and tentative, this paper will lay the groundwork of designing, developing, and, more importantly, implementing new types of curricular and instructional approaches in the context of teaching both cultural contents and linguistic elements in college.

한국인 영어의 음향적 특성과 원어민 지각 평가와의 상관관계

염문실 ( Mun Sil Yom ) 한국현대언어학회 2011 언어연구 Vol.27 No.2

The Journal of Studies in Language 27.2, 287-305. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Korean English acoustic features have an effect on the native listeners` comprehension. Three native English adjudicators evaluated fourteen female Korean speakers` pronunciation; seven Korean English instructors and seven Korean students. In the first part of this study, the degree of Korean accent and the comprehensibility of Korean English for native speakers is evaluated. The second part of the study examines the acoustic parameters of fundamental frequency, amplitude, and duration. The data reveals that the foreign accent of Korean English is closely correlated to the comprehensibility for native listeners. Also the statistical evidence tends to indicate that the way Korean use intensity has the greatest effect both on the degree of Korean foreign accent and the comprehension of native speakers among any other two acoustic features.

한국인의 영어 운율자질 연구 -음향 측정과 지각 판단 사용-

염문실 ( Mun Sil Yom ) 한국현대언어학회 2007 언어연구 Vol.23 No.2