치아염소산 나트륨의 사용이 복합레진 수복물의 미세누출에 미치는 영향

양계식,김대업 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.1

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of a commercial 10% sodium hypochlorite gel on the microleakage of composite resin restorations in primary teeth. Materials and methods: On the buccal surface of eighty extracted human primary molars, O-shaped cavities were prepared with high speed carbide bur; the diameter and depth of cavities were 1.5 mm. After rinsing off the etchant, one drop of 10% NaOCl(AD gel, Kuraray, Japan) was pretreated to the etched cavities and left for 0 second(control) and 60 seconds. The gel was rinsed off with water and the cavity surface kept visibly moist prior to the application of the adhesive as per manufacturer's instructions. The adhesives are Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M, USA), and Single Bond(3M, USA). The cavities were filled with composite resin Z100(3M, USA) and light cured with Optilux 501(Demetron, USA) for 10 seconds. The restorations were polished using the Sof-Lex discs(3M, USA). The specimens were thermocycled for 1,000 times in baths kept 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C with a 30 seconds dwell time. Then, they were immersed in a 2% methylene blue solution(pH 7) for 12 hours. Subsequently they were sectioned mesio-distally through the center of the restoration with a diamond saw at low speed with a water coolant, and evaluated by stereomicroscopy. Microleakage analyses were done, using scores from 0 to 4. Results: AD gel can decrease microleakage, depending on the resin adhesive used.

어린이 그림에 투사된 치과치료 불안의 분석 연구

양계식,한두석 원광대학교 치의학연구소 1995 圓光齒醫學 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of study was to analyze the drawings to access the level of anxiety of children for dental treatment. 702 elementary school children from second to fourth grade drew pictures representing the dental treatment situation. Caries experience and dental treatment experience were investigated. Drawings were analyzed using criteria modified from Dental Anxiety Scale by Sheskin et al_ The index 'drawing of the dentist' was replaced by 'drawing of smile of the dentist' and the index 'number of colors used' was replaced by 'number of persons drawed'. The results were as follows; 1. The mean anxiety score was 2.19, and the range was from 0 to 6.00. 2. The anxiety score was 2.27 in boys and 2.13 in girls. 3. The anxiety score was 1.93 in second grade, 2.30 in third grade, and 2.40 in fourth grade. There were siginificant difference between second grade and the other grades(P<0.01). 4. The anxiety score by theme color was 2.50 in black, 2.37 in brown, 2.36 in red, 2.33 in white, 2.22 in orange, 2.18 in yellow, 2.15 in green, 2.12 in ocher yellow, 2.11 in gray, 2.08 in pink, and 2.03 in violet. 5. The anxiety score was 2.21 in treated children and 2.03 in untreated children. 6. Pearson correlation was negative significant between anxiety score and dt index and slightly significant between anxiety score and ft rate. 7. The index 'height' was highest in the anxiety score and then 'smile', 'omission , 'instrument', 'number of person', and 'treatment situation' were in order. 8. The indexes 'smile' and 'omission' had the most high correlation with the total anxiety score.

차아염소산 나트륨의 사용이 복합레진 수복물의 미세누출에 미치는 영향

양계식,김대업,이광희,정영남,Yang, Kye-Sik,Kim, Dae-Eop,Lee, Kwang-Hee,Jeong, Young-Nam 대한소아치과학회 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 영구치와 유치의 상아질 표면에 상품화된 화학기계적 우식치질 제거용액인 $Carisolv^{TM}$(MediTeam, Sweden)를 사용하고 복합레진을 접착한 후 전단결합강도를 측정함으로써 $Carisolv^{TM}$의 사용이 복합레진의 접착에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 교정치료를 위하여 발거된 상, 하악 소구치 80개와 정상적으로 탈락한 손상이 없이 건전한 상악 유전치 80개의 순, 협면의 상아질을 노출시키고 $Carisolv^{TM}$를 실험군은 60초 적용하고 대조군은 $Carisolv^{TM}$를 사용하지 않았다. 상아질 접착제는 Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M, USA), Single Bond(3M, USA), Clearfil SE Bond(Kuraray, Japan), AQ Bond(Sun Medical, Japan)를 각각 제조사의 지시대로 적용하였고 광중합형 복합레진은 Z100(3M, USA)을 사용하였다. $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$에 각 30초씩 계류시켜 1,000회 열순환시키고 Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany)을 사용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하고 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각 군간 전단결합강도를 비교한 결과, 유치에 비해 영구치의 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다. 영구치에서는 Clearfil SE Bond만 사용한 군에서 가장 높았고 $Carisolv^{TM}$와 AQ Bond를 병용한 군에서 가장 낮았다. 2. $Carisolv^{TM}$ 사용하지 않은 군과 사용한 군간의 전단결합강도를 비교한 결과, 영구치와 유치 모두에서 상아질 접착제의 종류에 관계없이 $Carisolv^{TM}$를 사용한 군이 사용하지 않은 군에 비해 전단결합강도가 통계학적으로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(P<0.001). 3. 상아질 접착제의 종류에 따른 전단결합강도를 비교한 결과, 영구치와 유치 모두에서 Clearfil SE Bond를 사용한 군의 전단결합강도가 가장 높았으며 AQ Bond를 사용한 군의 전단결합강도가 가장 낮았다. This study evaluated the influence of chemomechanical caries removal agent $Carisolv^{TM}$(MediTeam, Sweden) for composite resin adhesion to sound human permanent and primary dentin. The buccal/labial surfaces of 80 permanent molars and 80 primary incisors were used. Four types of adhesives and one composite resin were used; AQ Bond(Sun Medical, Japan), Clearfil SE Bond(Kuraray, Japan), Single Bond(3M, USA), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose(3M, USA) and Z100(3M, USA). One drop of $Carisolv^{TM}$(MediTeam, Sweden) was pretreated on the dentin for 0 second(control) and 60 seconds. The specimens were thermocycled for 1,000 times in baths kept 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C with a 30 seconds dwell time. Shear bond strengths were tested and the data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA with subsequent post hoc Scheffe test at p<0.05. $Carisolv^{TM}$ treatment significantly decreased the shear bond strength. Shear bond strength of permanent dentin was significantly higher than that of primary dentin. Clearfil SE Bond treatment groups showed the highest shear bond strength and AQ Bond treatment groups showed the lowest shear bond strength.

어린이 그림에 투사된 치과치료 불안의 분석에 관한 연구

양계식,김대업,이광희 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of study was to develop the method of analysis of drawings to assess the level of anxiety of children for dental treatment. 702 school children from second to fourth grade drawed pictures representing the dental treatment situation. Caries experience and dental treatment experience were investigated. Drawings were analyzed using criteria modified from Dental Anxiety Scale by Sheskin et al. The index 'drawing of the dentist' was replaced by 'drawing of smile of the dentist' and the index 'number of colors used' was replaced by 'number of persons drawed'. The results were as follows : 1. The mean anxiety score was 2.19, and the range was from 0 to 6.00. 2. The anxiety score was 2.27 inboys and 2.13 in girls. 3. The anxiety score was 1.93 in second grade, 2.30 in third grade, and 2.40 in fourth grade. There were siginificant difference between second grade and the other grades(P<0.01). 4. The anxiety score by theme color was 2.50 in black, 2.37 in brown, 2.36 in red, 2.33 in white, 2.22 in orange, 2.18 in yellow, 2.15 green, 2.12 in ocher yellow, 2.11 in gray, 2.08 in pick, and 2.03 in violet. 5. The anxiety score was 2.21 in treated children and 2.03 in untreated children. 6. Pearson correlation coefficent was -0.1170 (P<0.01) between anxiety score and dt index and 0.078(P<0.05) between anxiety score and ft rate. 7. The index 'height' was highest in the anxiety score and then 'smile', 'omission', 'instrument', 'number of person', and 'treatment situation' were in order. 8. The indexes 'smile' and 'omission' had the most high correlation with the total anxiety score.

중합방법이 유치 복합레진 수복시 미세누출에 미치는 영향 : An in vitro Study

김대업,양계식 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2000 圓光齒醫學 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of several curing methods on the microleakage of composite resin restoration in primary teeth. Eighty extracted human primary teeth were used and randomly divided into five groups. All cavities were prepared on labial and buccal surfaces of teeth, and composite resin(Z-100) was filled according to the manufacturer's direction. The following five groups were established : group 1 was polymerized for 40 seconds with conventional halogen light; group 2 was polymerized for 3 seconds with plasma xenon arc light; group 3 was polymerized for 9 seconds with plasma xenon arc light; group 4 was polymerized for 10 seconds with improved halogen light; group 5 was polymerized for 20 seconds with improved halogen light. The excess cured composite resin was carefully removed with Sof-Lex discs(3M Co.) to expose the original margins of the cavity. The specimens were subjected to 1,000 thermocycles between 5℃ and 55℃, and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. And sectioned at the center of filling body with low speed diamond cutter. The extent of microleakage was evaluated with stereomicroscope and scored. The results were as follows : 1. There were significantly more microleakage in group 3 than all groups(P<0.00∼0.05). 2. There was least microleakage in group 4, but statistically insignificant(P>0.05).

회전식 nickel-titanium file을 이용한 유치의 근관치료

서주희,이광희,김대업,양계식 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

유치의 근관치료에서 치수절제술은 실활된 유치를 치열궁내에 유지하기 위해 치관과 근관부분의 괴사된 치수조직을 완전하게 제가하는 것을 말한다. 이 술식은 감염된 치수의 세균을 감소시키는 것을 목적으로 하며, 다양하고 불규칙한 유치 근관의 형태가 주된 장애 요소로 작용한다. 더욱이 비협조적인 어린이의 경우에는 오랜 시간동안 정교한 시술을 하기가 곤란하다. 최근 들어 근관치료시에 회전식 기구를 이용하여 근관형성을 하는 장비들이 많이 개발되었으며 저속전기 모터에 회전식 NiTi file을 이용한 술식이 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 증례에서는 회전식 NiTi file과 전기모터를 이용하여 유구치의 근관치료를 시도하였다. 치수강을 개방하고 치관부 치수를 제거한 후 잠정적 작업장을 측정하였으며 적절한 NiTi file을 선택하여 잠정적 작업장까지 crown-down 방법으로 점차적으로 형성하였다. 수용 file로 근단부 도달 및 성형을 하고 전체적인 마무리를 하여 Vitapex로 충전하여 양호한 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. The pulpectomy or root canal treatment on primary teeth is to be done when there is evidence of chronic in flammation or necrosis in the radicular pulp. Due to the tortuous and ribbon-shaped anatomy of the primary teeth, the instrumentation of endodontic hand files and barbed broaches is not an easy procedure. Recently, many automatic Ni-Ti rotary instruments have been developed and has made endodontic treatment easier and faster. This report describes two cases of root canal treatment on primary molars using Ni-Ti rotary files. The cervical constricture was eliminated by the crown-down method, as smaller file proceeded unhindered into the apical third of the canal. In addition, the crown-down technique enhanced the efficacy of the endodontic irrigant. The use of rotary instrumentation for primary teeth seemed to be a more effective way to debride the uneven walls of primary teeth.

분사식 주사기를 이용한 소아환자의 국소마취

이재춘,김대업,이광희,김성형,양계식 大韓小兒齒科學會 2001 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

소아치과에서 국소마취는 공포의 대상이며, 특히 행동조절이 힘든 소아의 경우 더욱 그러하다. 국소마취에 대한 공포는 주사침의 자입시나 주사액의 주입시 느끼는 동통 만큼이나 주사침 자체의 공포도 크게 차지한다. 주사침 자입시의 동통을 완화하기 위하여, 도포마취제 등이 개발되었으나 이들은 국소마취의 동통을 완화시키는 면은 있으나 주사침 자체에 대한 공포를 없애지는 못하였다. Syrijet Mark Ⅱ??(Mizzy Inc, USA)는 주사침이 없는 치과용 분사식 주사기(jet injection device)로서 소아에서 주사침에 대한 공포를 성공적으로 감소시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 저자들은 여러 행동등급의 소아를 대상으로 Syrijet을 사용하여 국소마취를 시행한 후 동통평가의 척도로서 VAS(visual analogue scale)를 소아에게 적합하게 색생화한 CAS(color analogue scale)을 이용하여 국소마취시의 동통수준을 측정한 결과, 기존 주사침에 의한 국소마취시 보다 국소마취의 동통이 감소된 것을 알 수 있었다. Syrijet의 장점으로는 주사침이 없다는 점, 기존의 술식에서 일회용이었던 미취용 카트리지를 재사용할 수 있다는 점, 신경 및 혈관에 안전하다는 점 등이 있었으며, 단점으로 부피가 크며, 가격이 비싸며, 사용시 숙련성을 요구한다는 점 등이 있었다. Local anesthesia procedure in pediatric dentisty using needle-tipped syringes is stressful and painful for the child patients. The Syrijet Mark Ⅱ (Mizzy Inc. USA) is a jet injection instrument, which uses high pressure to propel fluids into soft tissue without the use of a hollow neeldle, so it seems to be able to reduce the injection phobia of the child patients. The authors compared the Syrijet with the conventional syringe by assessing the pain level after local anesthetic procedures using CAS(color analogue scale) which was developed from VAS(visual analogue scale). The result showed that the pain was reduced by the use of syrijet. The advantages of syrijet were no use of neeldes, the reuse of the anesthetic cartridge, and the safety to nerves and vessels. The disadvantages were the large size, the high price, and the need of skill to use.