고층아파트 경관에 대한 규제기준 설정 및 방향에 관한 연구

안용대 부산대학교 일반대학원 1999 국내석사

Dicarboxylic Acid 공급이 반추위내 발효성상 및 착유우의 유량생산과 혈장성분에 미치는 영향

안용대 한경대학교 생물환경·정보통신전문대학원 2008 국내석사

본 연구는 Dicarboxylic acid 추가 공급이 반추위액의 발효 성상 및 착유우의 산유량과 유성분 그리고 착유우의 혈장 성분에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 다음과 같이 실험을 시행하였다. 실험 1. Dicarboxylic acid 첨가가 배양시간에 따른 반추위 발효에 미치는 영향 in vitro 파쇄옥수수를 기질로 하여 Dicarboxylic acid 또는 Ionophore계 Monensin을 첨가하여 반추위액내 pH, Gas, 건물소실율 및 VFA 생성 변화를 비교, 조사하였다. pH는 배양 24시간째 Dicarboxylic acid가 첨가된 CR(6.04) 및 CMR(6.06) 처리구에서 대조구(6.11) 및 CM(6.1)처리구보다 최종 pH가 낮게 나타나 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. Gas 생성량은 모든 처리구에서 증가하였으나 배양 24시간에 Dicarboxylic acid 처리구에서 가스가 가장 많이 생성되었고 Monensin 처리구에서 가스발생량이 가장 낮았다. 건물소실율은 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 대조구보다 각각의 처리구인 CM, CR 및 CMR에서 더 증가하였으며 특히 Dicarboxylic acid와 Monensin을 혼합 첨가한 CMR 처리구에서 건물소실율이 가장 높았다. 반추위내 Total VFA생성량은 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 배양 8시간부터 대조구보다 CM, CR 및 CMR 처리구에서 더 증가하였다. 배양 24시간에는 최종 총휘발성지방산 생성량이 CMR 및 CR 각각의 두 처리구에서 98.64(mM), 91.08(mM)으로 대조구(81(mM))와 CM처리구(74.9(mM))보다 높게 나타나 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가가 반추위내 총휘발성지방산 생성량 증가에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. Acetate의 생성량은 배양 24시간에 Monensin이 첨가된 CM 및 CMR 처리구에서 35.12(mM) 및 44.3(mM)으로 낮게 나타났고 반면에 Propionate 생성량은 대조구에 비해서 CM(35.47(mM)), CR(31.61(mM)), CMR(49.5(mM)) 드의 처리구에서 높았고 특히 CMR에서 가장 높게 나타나났다. Lactate 농도는 Total VFA 및 건물소실율과 유사하게 배양시간이 경과함에 따라 증가하였으나 배양 24시간째 대조구(1.23(nmol/ul))보다 CM(0.83(nmol/ul)), CR(0.78(nmol/ul)) 및 CMR(0.51(nmol/ul)) 처리구에서 감소하였으며 특히 CMR 처리구가 CM과 CR 처리구보다 Lactate 함량이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 실험 2. Dicarboxylic acid 첨가가 착유우의 유생산성에 미치는 영향 (in vivo) 사양실험 31일 동안 3회에 걸쳐 유생산량 및 유성분 검사를 분석하였다. 유성분은 실험 개시 성적을 100으로 보정하여 비교한 결과, 유생산량의 경우 실험종료 4주째 대조구는 11.09%가 감소하였고, 처리구는 4.18%가 감소하여 대조구에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 유생산량의 감소폭이 적었다. 그러나 4% FCM은 실험종료 4주째에 대조구는 8.12% 감소한 반면, 처리구는 1.17% 감소하여 통계적으로 유의하게 두 시험구간의 차이를 보였다. 유단백질도 실험종료 4주째 대조구와 처리구 각각 12.60% 및 13.30%로 처리구에서 통계적으로 유의하는 않았으나 처리구에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였다. 무지고형분(SNF)은 실험종료 4주째 대조구와 처리구 각각 5.89%와 6.75%로 증가하였으며 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가구에서 유단백질 함량이 높아지는 결과와 일치하였다. 우유내요소태질소함량(MUN)은 대조구와 처리구 각각 3.66% 및 5.99%로 처리구에서 다소 낮게 나타나 처리구에서 단백질 이용효율이 향상되었음을 시사하였다. 실험 3. Dicarboxylic acid 첨가가 착유우의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향 (in vivo) Dicarboxylic acid가 첨가된 시험사료 급여 후 비유중인 젖소의 미근부의 정맥혈에서 혈액을 채취하여 혈액성분과 산-염기평형을 측정하였다. 혈액내 BUN 농도는 처리구가 18.9mg/dL로서 대조구의 21.15mg/dL보다 낮게 나타났다. Glucose 함량은 대조구(39.25mg/dL)보다 처리구(49.25mg/dL)에서 높게 나타나 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가구에서 Lactate를 이용하는 Selenomonas ruminantium 반추미생물이 Propionate 생성량을 증가시켜 간에서의 Glucose 전환량이 많았다고 추정된다. Cholesterol 농도는 대조구(288mg/dL)보다 Dicarboxylic acid 처리구(316.75mg/dL)에서 다소 높게 나타났으며 Triglyceride 농도는 대조구(17.5mg/dL)와 Dicarboxylic acid 처리구(17.75mg/dL)간 차이가 없었다. 간의 손상과 피로를 예측하는 GGT와 GOT는 처리구에서 각각 22mg/dL 및 43.5mg/dL로 대조구보다 (26.5mg/dL, 48mg/dL) 낮게 나타나 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가에 의해 간 기능 개선 효과가 있을 수 있다고 사료되었다. 혈액내 pH는 대조구(7.45)보다 처리구(7.43)에서 다소 낮았으며, 혈액내 Lactate 농도 역시 0.33mmol/L로 대조구보다 0.3mmol/L로 처리구에서 다소 낮게 나타났으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 혈액내 산-염기 평형을 이루는 혈액가스 TCO2, pCO2, pO2, HCO3, sO2, Beecf는 대조구 및 처리구간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 Dicarboxylic acid 첨가시 in vitro의 경우반추위 내 건물소실율 및 휘발성지방산의 생성을 향상시키고 Lactate 생성을 낮추는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 착유우를 대상으로 한 in vivo 시험에서는 Dicarboxylic acid 산유량 특히 FCM 감소가 대조구보다 적었으며 유성분 중에는 유단백질 및 무지고형분이 처리구에서 더욱 증가하였다. 이는 고능력우에게 Dicarboxylic acid를 급여할 경우 산유량 증가 및 유성분의 감소비율을 효과적으로 개선시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단된다 The objective of this study was to determine the effects of addition of Dicarboxylic acid or Monensin with mixed ruminal microorganisms on in vitro rumen parameters and in vivo milk yield, milk composition and plasma components in lactating cows. Experiment 1 : Effects of Addition of Dicarboxylic Acid on rumen parameters(in vitro). In the first in vitro experimnt, pH was lower in CR(Dicarboxylic acid treatment) and CMR(Dicarboxylic acid+Monensin treatment) compared to C(Control) and CM(Monesin treatment). Gas production was highest in CR and lowest in CM after 24 h incubation. The addition of Dicarboxylic acid or Monensin increased dry matter disappearance rates and it was especially highst in Dicarboxylic acid + Monensin treatment. Total VFA production also increased in Dicarboxylic acid or Monensin treatments after 24 h incubation. Acetate was lower in CM and CMR while propionate was produced highest in CMR. Lactate was lowest in CMR. In conclusion, Dicarboxylic acid addition to in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations increased the concentrations of Propionate and Total VFA whereas final concentrations of lactate numerically decreased. 2. Experiment 2 : Effects of Addition of Dicarboxylic Acid on Milk Yield and Milk Components in Lactating Cows(in vivo). Milk yield and milk components in lactating cows given the diets containing Dicarboxylic acid were investigated. In a 31-d experiment, 10 Holstein cows were randomly allocated to 2 Dicarboxylic acid levels (0, 80g/d). Milk yield decreased by 11.09% after 4 weeks in control and 4.18% in Dicarboxylic acid treated group respectively, in which the decreased rate of milk yield in the treatment was lower than control. Milk yields naturally decreased as time goes by as the mean DIMs (Days in milk) of the experimental cows were already over 104 days in lactation. Milk fat increased by 5.89% in the treatment while 4.01% in control as compared with initial. 4% FCM (Fat corrected milk) decreased by 8.12% in control but only 1.17% in the treatment as compared with initial. Milk protein increased by 12.6% in control and 13.30% in the treatment as compared with initial. SNF(solid not fat) increased by 5.89% in control and 6.75% in the treatment respectively. MUN(milk urea nitrogen) decreased by 3.66% in control and 5.99% in the treatment as compared with initial. In overall, milk fat percent and 4% FCM milk yield were higher in cows with Dicarboxylic acid. SNF was also higher for the Dicarboxylic acid than control. Milk protein percent was higher in the Dicarboxylic acid with a tendency of decreased MUN concentration which may mean improvement of protein efficiency. Experiment 3 : Effects of Addition of Dicarboxylic Acid Plasma Components in Lactating Cows(in vivo). To determine the effects of addition of Dicarboxylic acid in lactating cows given the diet containing 80 g Dicarboxylic acid per day, blood samples were collected. All data related with plasma analysis in this experiment, there were no differences statistically, but were in some tendencies. BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) was lower for the Dicarboxylic acid than control(18.9mg/dL vs 21.15mg/dL). Glucose in blood was higher for the Dicarboxylic acid than control(49.25mg/dL vs 39.25mg/dL) since Selenomonas ruminantium of rumen microorganisms for the Dicarboxylic acid treatment may have produced more propionate than for control, which may also have been transformed to glucose via liver. Cholesterol level tended to be higher for the Dicarboxylic acid. GGT and GOT were lower for the Dicarboxylic acid than control. Blood pH was lower for the Dicarboxylic acid and lactate in plasma tended to be lower for the Dicarboxylic acid than control(0.3mmol/L vs 0.33mmol/L). In general, the addition of Dicarboxylic acid to the ruminant diet appears to enhance the function of liver and protein availabilities.

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안용대 嶺南大學校 1995 국내석사

Popularity prediction of video content and clustering using networks : Movies, TV programs and Youtube channels

안용대 서울대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

The content market, including video content market, is a high-risk, high-return industry. Because the cost of copying and distributing the created video content is very low, large profit can be generated upon success. However, as content is an experience good, its quality cannot be judged before purchase. Hence, marketing has an important role in the content market because of the asymmetry of information between suppliers and consumers. Additionally, it has the characteristics of One Source Multi Use; if it is successful, additional profits can be created through various channels. Therefore, it is important for the content industry to correctly distinguish content with a high probability of success from the one without it and to conduct effective marketing activities to familiarize consumers with the product. Herein, we propose a methodology to assist in data-based decision-making using machine learning models and help in identifying problematic issues in video content markets such as movies, TV programs, and over-the-top (OTT) market. In the film market, although marketing is very important, decisions are still made based on the sense of practitioners. We used the market research data collected through online and offline surveys to learn a model that can predict the number of audiences on the opening-week Saturday, and then use the learned model to propose a method for effective marketing activities. In the TV program market, programming is performed to improve the overall viewership by matching TV programs and viewer groups well. We learn a model that predicts the audience rating of a program using the characteristics of the program and the audience-rating information of the programs before, after, and at the same time, and use the resulting data to assist in decision-making to find the optimal programming scenario. The OTT market is facing a new problem of user's perception bias caused by the “recent recommendation” system. In the fields of politics and news particularly, if the user does not have access to different viewpoints because of the recommendation service, it may create and/or deepen a bias toward a specific political view without the user being aware of it. In order to compensate for this, it is important to use the recommended channel while the user is well aware of what kind of channel it is. We built a channel network in the news/political field using the data extracted from the comments left by users on the videos of each channel. In addition, we propose a method to compensate for the bias by classifying networks into conservative and progressive channel clusters and presenting the topography of the political tendencies of YouTube channels.