Phospholipase D is activated and phosphorylated by casein kinase-II in human U87 astroglioma cells

안봉현,민규식,배외식,배영석,민도식 생화학분자생물학회 2006 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.38 No.1

Elevated expression of protein casein kinase II (CKII) stimulated basal phospholipase D (PLD) activity as well as PMA-induced PLD activation in human U87 astroglioma cells. Moreover, CKII-selective inhibi-tor, emodin and apigenin suppressed PMA-induced PLD activation in a dose-dependent manner as well as basal PLD activity, suggesting the involvement of CKII in the activation of both PLD1 and PLD2. CKII was associated with PLD1 and PLD2 in co-transfection experiments. Furthermore, CKII induced serine/thre -onine phosphorylation of PLD2 in vivo, and the multiple regions of PLD2 were phosphorylated by CKII in vitro kinase assay using glutathione S-trans -ferase- PLD2 fusion protein fragments. Elevated expression of CKII or PLD increased cell proliferation but pretreatment of cells with 1-butanol suppressed CKII-induced cell proliferation. These results sug -gest that CKII is involved in proliferation of U87 cells at least in part, through stimulation of PLD activity.

L.V. Beethoven의 Piano Sonata 形式構造에 관한 分析硏究

安鳳鉉 圓光大學校大學院 1982 學位論叢 Vol.8-3 No.-

Beethoven's early Piano sonatas were composed at his 30 years of age, and we can say that his traditional classic style was unavoidably influenced by Mozart and Haydn. But his characteristics are as follows: the attempt to change the sonata form form 3 movements to 4 movement; · the introduction of scherzo in place of minuet; · the strong expressions of fortes and pianos; · the variations of tonalty and new modulation; Thus Beethoven's characteristics and his unique style are found in the early part of his career, and so his early piano sonatas have acquired significant position. The works of his middle age are: piano sonata op. 27-2 (Moonlight) op. 53(Waldstein) op. 57(Appassionata) op. 81-a(Das Lebewohl) As shown in the symphonyNo. 3, his style, form and contents became more colorful and his particular emotional expressions expended to a great deal. Correspending to the agony of loss his hearing, his works reflected the strength of emotional expressions and philosophical ideas. The later part of his piano sonatas reflected sublimity, peace, and the artistic techniques of counter point, The progress of cadence ends in pianoforte, indicating the sign to hide its effects. His works demonstrate free expression void of restraint. and are filled with meditation, fantasy, leading the way to new romanticism. The structure of Beethoven' piano sonata form are more elaborate in their themes and transitions; and the parts of development and coda are dealt with relative importance and take well-balanced sonata forms. The coda takes characteristic large-scale forms ind icatingthe important first and second themes. Before Beethoven, the function of coda was a method of ending a movement with grace and pom pusness. And in movements also, his warks ranged from 2 movements to 7 ones; 9 symphonies are characteristic of having been composed of 4 movements. He preferred using scherzo to minuet from early stage to the last.

온라인쇼핑웹사이트의 제품군 설계와 최적변동수수료의 활용

안봉현,박해철,현지윤 한국생산관리학회 2020 한국생산관리학회지 Vol.31 No.4

This study identifies several crucial managerial variables and their relationships with theoretical backgrounds concerning how to design product groups that are supposed to apply the same referral fee schedule by an online shopping website. In doing so, we extend the previous research results that revealed the optimal referral fee schedule maximizing the profits of both an online shopping website and its suppliers through the entire supply chain. We propose that an online shopping website should design its product groups based on each product’s marginal cost ratio, which includes all the marginal costs of the entire supply chain rather than the similarities of each product. We also analyze the mechanism whose role is to describe how the characteristics of the marginal cost ratio influence the retail price of each product. Additionally, the mechanism helps us understand which is better in setting each product’s retail price. A series of numerical experiments clarify all related theoretical results. One of the most crucial findings is that our results become more important and sensitive for certain supply chains whose marginal cost ratios tend to be relatively small, which tends to be the one we investigate. This is because it is highly possible for an online shopping website to observe its relatively low marginal cost compared with its supplier’s and to produce a small marginal cost ratio. 공급업체들과 온라인쇼핑웹사이트로 이루어진 공급사슬에 대하여 전체공급사슬의 이익을 최대화하는 최적수수료율을 구한기존의 연구결과를 확장하기 위하여, 온라인쇼핑웹사이트가 변동수수료율을 차별적으로 적용하고자 하는 제품군을 설계할때 고려하여야 할, 주요한 경영변수들의 관계와 이론적인 측면에서의 원칙들을 규명하였다. 즉 온라인쇼핑웹사이트는 차별적인 수수료율을 적용하고자 하는 각 제품군을 구성할 때, 각 제품군에 소속되는 제품의 종류와 특성을 위주로 하는 기존의 직관적인 제품군 설계방식보다는, 제품들의 한계비용들로 구성되는 특정비율의 값의 크기를 중심으로 제품군을 설계하는 것이 보다 합리적이라는 것을 논증하였다. 아울러 각 제품군을 이루는 제품들의 해당비율의 특성에 따라 공급사슬전체의 시각에서 보다 유리해지는 소매가격 결정의 주체 그리고 이와 연동되는 최적소매가격의 변화는 어떻게 구현되는지등을 유추하고, 수치실험을 통하여 구체적인 변화양상을 확인하여 보았다. 또한 온라인쇼핑웹사이트의 경우 비즈니스의특성상 취급하는 각 제품들의 해당비율들의 값이 상대적으로 작을 개연성이 크며, 이러한 경영환경에서는 본 연구에서 규명한 사실들이 거래과정에서 보다 첨예하고 중요하게 부각될 수 있다는 점을 밝혔다.

경쟁이 있는 공급사슬의 거래모형과 최적납품가격

박해철(Haechurl Park),안봉현(Bonghyun Ahn) 한국경영과학회 2012 한국경영과학회지 Vol.37 No.3

We analyze a systematic relationship between transaction mechanisms and wholesale pricing schemes within a supply-chain with two competing suppliers and a monopolistic retailor. When one of the suppliers changes its transaction mechanism from an independent scheme to a cooperative one, then the wholesale prices of the suppliers become cheaper than before. When one supplier changes its transaction scheme to a cooperative one while the other supplier sticks to the existing independent transaction scheme, we show that the supplier with a cooperative transaction scheme can realize the increased profit via a profit sharing contract with the retailer but the supplier with independent transaction scheme can face the decreased profit. We also show that both suppliers can achieve the higher profits by adopting the cooperative schemes with the retailer.

복수의 공급업체가 경쟁하고 소매업체가 매출대행을 하는 공급사슬의 거래모형

박해철(Haechurl Park),안봉현(Bonghyun Ahn) 한국경영학회 2019 經營學硏究 Vol.48 No.3

We analyze a supply-chain consists of two competing suppliers and one retailer whose role is mediating retail sale process for the suppliers such as Online-Shopping Malls or Home Shopping Networks. Two suppliers produce similar goods which are substitutional each other, and they are supposed to pay a certain portion of their sales revenue to the retailer depending on corresponding retail sales performance. In this case, the portions of sales revenue for each player in the supply-chain play a crucial role in determining the retail prices which need to be optimized to maximize the profit through the whole supply-chain. Since each player in the supply-chain has its own incentive scheme for setting its retail price as well, the level of portions of the sales revenue for the players should be decided considering those two factors simultaneously: maximizing the profit through the whole supply-chain and satisfying incentive compatibility to each player. We found that the incentive compatible scheme for the suppliers is completely different from retailer’s and they share no common ground at all except some particular situations. Therefore there is no possibility to devise any intermediate solutions between suppliers and a retailer through a negotiation process in terms of settling down the proportion level for each of them. As a result we propose to design a two-part tariff scheme which requires a secondary incentive scheme which adopts a fixed fee base paying system between the suppliers and a retailer.