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태권도 수련이 7-10세 어린이의 골격성숙도, 신체구성, 식이섭취와 체력에 미치는 영향
송종국 ( Jong Kook Song ),김현배 ( Hyun Bae Kim ),손원일 ( Won Il Son ) 한국운동영양학회 2004 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.8 No.3
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Taekwondo training on skeletal maturity, body composition, dietary intake and physical fitness in boys aged 7-10 years. Subjects consist of 320 boys including t60 for taekwondo group and 160 for non-taekwondo group aged 7-10 years. Anthropometric characteristics included body weight, height, sitting height, 2 bone widths, 8 circumferences, and 5 skinfold thicknesses. Skeletal maturation was assessed by the Tanner-Whitehouse Ⅱ method. Skeletal age was determined by RUS scores (radius, ulna, and short bones). The three somatotype components were calculated by Carter-Heath anthropometric method. Body composition parameters were analyzed by Bioetectrical Impedance Analysis (Inbody 3.0). Dietary intake was evaluated from three randomly assigned days of diet records, including one weekend day and two weekdays. All subjects completed a three day diet record. From these records, average daily intakes of the nutrients were estimated using Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Physical fitness included flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, long jump, shuttle run 50 in, bent arm hang, and endurance run. All statistical analysis were carried out by the SAS computer programs. There were significant differences (p<0.01) for RUS score and Skeletal age between age groups within group. The results indicated that significant difference could be observed for endomorphy and ectomorphy between TKD and Non-TKD groups. TKD group (2.7) was significantly lower (p<0.01) for endomorphy than Non-TKD group (3.6). On the contrary, significant (p<0.05) higher ectomorphy was found in TKD group (2.8) compared to non-TKD group (2.2). For body composition variables there were significant differences for %fat and body mass index between TKD and Non-TKD groups. Percent body fat and body mass index were significantly lower in TKD group (18.5%, 16.7 kg/m) than those of Non-TKD group (21.6%, 17.7 kg/m²). For physical fitness parameters significant difference could be obtained for flamingo balance (p<0.001), long distance jump (p<0.03), bent arm hang (p<0.01) and endurance run (p<0.03). TKD group showed better results for these variables compared to Non-TKD group. As a result of the study, it can be suggested that taekwondo performed during childhood is not only positively related to the three somatotype components and body composition but can also improve the level of physical fitness.
1998년과 2007년 사이 12∼13세 남녀 청소년의 체격, 골격성숙도, 체력 비교
송종국(Jong Kook Song),채서연(Seo Yeon Chae),채주희(Joo Hee Chae),김현배(Hyun Bae Kim),강효정(Hyo Jung Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.34
The purpose of the present investigation was to compare physique, skeletal maturation and physical fitness in Korean adolescents measured between 1998 and 2007. Subjects participated in the study were a total of 473 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 13 years. In 1998, 349 adolescents were selected from a middle school, located in Sungnam city and 124 middle school students aged 12-13, located in Yongin city were participated in 2007. All measurements were conducted by one of the reseachers (Jong-Kook Song) with two different group of investigators between 1998 and 2007. Anthropometric characteristics were body mass, body height, sitting height, circumferences taken at sites of upper arm, flexed upper arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf, bone breadth taken at the sites of humerus, and femur, skinfold thicknesses taken at the sites of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and medial calf. Skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3 (Tanner et al., 2001). Maturity scores for Radius-Ulna-Short bones (RUS) and bone age were calculated. Physical fitness parameters included flamingo balance, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle run. All data were analyzed by SAS Enterprise 3.0. Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. Independent t-test was applied to compare dependent variables between measurements. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results of the study showed that male adolescents aged 12-13years in 2007 had significantly higher (p<0.0001) femur diameter than adolescents in 1998. Male adolescents in 2007 had higher (p<0.05) chest, waist and calf circumferences than those of adolescents in 1998. Although no difference were found for RUS and bone age in males adolescents between 1998 and 2007 female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed for their skeletal maturity level compared to female adolescents in 1998. For physical fitness parameters male adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed better for flamingo balance (p<0.01), and 50m shuttle run (p<0.05) than those of adolescents in 1998. However, stand long jump and bent arm hang were significantly decreased in male adolescents in 2007. Female adolescents aged 12-13 years in 2007 had significantly higher flamingo balance, but female adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed significantly less for standing long jump (p<0.0001), bent arm hang (p<0.001) and speed (p<0.05) than those of female adolescents in 1998. In conclusions this study suggest that chest circumference for both male and female adolescents in 2007 was significantly higher than those in 1998. Skeletal maturity for female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed compared to female adolescents in 1998. Further study is needed to evaluate consistent various.
12주간의 태권도 품새 수련이 남자청소년의 신체구성, 건강관련체력과 식이섭취량에 미치는 영향
송종국 ( Jong Kook Song ),김현배 ( Hyun Bae Kim ),강효정 ( Hyo Jung Kang ),정현철 ( Hyun Chul Jung ) 국기원 2013 국기원태권도연구 Vol.4 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 12주간의 태권도 품새 훈련이 남자 청소년의 신체구성, 건강관련체력과 식이섭취에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이었다. 연구대상자는 13-14세 남자 중학교 청소년 19명이었다(훈련군 12명, 통제군 7명). 12주 품새 훈련 전 후 신장과 체중을 측정하였고, RUS점수와 뼈 나이는 TW3방법을 적용하여 평가하였다. 신체구성은 DXA를 이용하여 측정하였고, 건강관련 체력을 평가하였다. 식이섭취량은 3-day 회상법을 적용하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 신장과 체중은 두 그룹 모두에서 태권도 훈련 전후 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였고, 훈련군의 뼈 나이(14.9±0.62세)는 실제나이(13.9±0.46세)와 비교하여 매우 조숙한 것으로 나타났다. 신체구성평가결과 제지방조직(F=9.65, p<0.01)과 제지방조직+뼈무기질량(F=19.59, p<0.05)에서만 그룹간 훈련 전 후 통계적으로 유의한 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 12주간의 태권도 품새 훈련은 남자청소년들의 신체구성, 건강관련체력과 식이섭취량에 크게 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 태권도 품새 훈련이 청소년들의 종속변인에 영향을 미치기 위해서는 12주 이상의 장기간 동안 최대심박수 70% 이상의 강도로 훈련을 실행해야 할 것으로 사료 된다. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of 12 weeks Taekwondo Poomsae training on body composition, health-related fitness and dietary intake in male adolescents. Subjects consisted of 19 male adolescents(training group: 12, control group: 7) aged 13-14 years. Body height(BH) and weight(BW) were measured and skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3. Body composition parameters were estimated by DXA. Health related fitness were measured. The results show that there were significant increase for BH and BW between pre and post-test in both group. Bone age for TG was significantly advanced compared to chronological age, but CG had similar bone age compared to chronological age. Significant interaction effect could be observed for fat-free mass(F=9.65, p<0.01). No difference could be obtained for all health-related fitness parameters As a result of the study, it can be suggested that 12 weeks Taekwondo Poomsae training not influence to the body composition, health-related fitness and dietary intake in male adolescents. Further study should be done on Taekwondo Poomsae training with over 70% HR exercise intensity for adolescents.