COMFARM을 이용한 농업용저수지 유역 수문 모델링

송정헌,박지훈,김계웅,류정훈,전상민,김진택,장태일,송인홍,강문성,Song, Jung-Hun,Park, Jihoon,Kim, Kyeung,Ryu, Jeong Hoon,Jun, Sang Min,Kim, Jin-Taek,Jang, Taeil,Song, Inhong,Kang, Moon Seong 한국농공학회 2016 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.58 No.3

The component-based modeling framework for agricultural water-resources management (COMFARM) is a user-friendly, highly interoperable, lightweight modeling framework that supports the development of watershed-specific domain components. The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the COMFARM for the design and creation of a component-based modeling system of agricultural reservoir watersheds. A case study that focused on a particular modeling system was conducted on a watershed that includes the Daehwa and Dangwol serial irrigation reservoirs. The hydrologic modeling system for the study area was constructed with linkable components, including the modified Tank, an agricultural water supply and drainage model, and a reservoir water balance model. The model parameters were each calibrated for two years, based on observed reservoir water levels. The simulated results were in good agreement with the observed data. In addition, the applicability of the COMFARM was evaluated for regions where reservoir outflows, including not only spillway release but also return flow by irrigation water supply, substantially affect the downstream river discharge. The COMFARM could help to develop effective water-management measures by allowing the construction of a modeling system and evaluation of multiple operational scenarios customized for a specific watershed.

연단위 관개효율 변화를 고려한 관개지구 용수 공급량 모의

송정헌,송인홍,김진택,강문성,Song, Jung Hun,Song, Inhong,Kim, Jin Taek,Kang, Moon Seong 한국수자원학회 2015 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.48 No.6

본 연구에서는 관개효율의 연별 변화와 필요수량을 고려하여 추정된 관개지구 용수 공급량이 현장에서 실제 공급되는 수량을 잘 모의하는지를 평가하였다. 대상지구로 이동저수지 지구를 선정하여, 2001~2009년 기간에 대한 실측 공급량 자료를 구축하였다. 관개효율, 물꼬높이, 침투량 등 총6개의 매개변수에 대해 민감도 분석, 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석결과, 관개효율이 가장 민감한 매개변수로 나타났다. 관개효율은 가장 민감하게 나타난 점과 연마다 값이 달라지는 특징을 반영하여 연별로 보정하였다. 통계적 지표 산정 결과 월단위에 대한 PBIAS, NSE, 그리고 RSR은 보정기간 동안 각각 2.7%, 0.93, 0.26로, 검정기간 동안 각각 3.9%, 0.89, 0.32로 매우 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 비록 농업용수 공급량은 인위적 요소이나, 적절한 매개변수 값을 사용하여 모의한다면 모의치가 실측치와 유사하게 모의될 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 대상지구의 실측 자료가 확보되지 않아 보정되지 않은 매개변수를 사용하는 경우 결과가 매우 안 좋을 수 있을 가능성이 나타났다. 따라서 농업용수 공급량의 모의 시 적절한 매개변수의 선정은 매우 중요할 것으로 사료되며, 특히 관개효율은 연별로 보정하는 것을 제안한다. The objective of this study was to evaluate simulation of agricultural water supply considering yearly variation of irrigation efficiency. The water supply data of the Idong reservoir from 2001 through 2009 was collected and used for this study. Total 6 parameters including irrigation efficiency (Es), drainage outlet height, and infiltration, were used for sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. Among the parameters, the Es appeared to be the most sensitivity parameter. The Es was calibrated on a yearly basis considering sensitivity and time-varying characteristic, while other parameters were set to fixed values. The statistics of percent bias (PBLAS), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and root means square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) for a monthly step were 2.7%, 0.93, and 0.26 for the calibration, and 3.9%, 0.89, and 0.32 for the validation, correspondently. The results showed a good agreement with the observations. This implies that the modeling only with appropriate parameter values, apart from modeling approaches, can simulate the real supply operation reasonably well. However, the simulations with uncalibrated parameters from previous studies produced poor results. Thus, it is important to use calibrated values, and especially, we suggest the Es's yearly calibration for simulating agricultural water supply.

저수지 관개지구의 농업용수 회귀 특성 분석

송정헌,송인홍,김진택,강문성,Song, Jung Hun,Song, Inhong,Kim, Jin-Taek,Kang, Moon Seong 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate characteristics of irrigation return flow from paddy block in a reservoir irrigated district during growing seasons. The irrigation return flow was divided into three parts, quick return flow from irrigation canal (RFI), quick return flow from drainage canal (RFD), and delayed return flow (DRF). The RFI was calculated from water level and stage-discharge relationships at the ends of the irrigation canals. The DRF was estimated using measured infiltration amount from paddy fields of the irrigated district. A combined monitoring and modeling method was used to estimate the RFD by subtracting surface runoff from surface drainage. The paddy block irrigated from the Idong reservoir was selected to study the irrigation return flow components. The results showed that daily agricultural water supply (AWS), the RFI, and the RFD were $27.4mm\;day^{-1}$, $4.9mm\;day^{-1}$, and $19.8mm\;day^{-1}$, respectively in May, which were greater than other months (p<0.05). The return flow ratio of the RFI and the RFD were the greatest in July (34.6%) and May (72.3%), respectively. The daily AWS was closely correlated with the RFD (correlation coefficients of 0.76~0.86) in except for July with, while correlation coefficient with the RFI were 0.56 and 0.42 in June and July, respectively (p<0.01). The total irrigation return flow was 1,965 mm in 2011, and 1,588 mm in 2012, resulting in total return flow ratio of 84.6% and 79.1%, respectively. This results indicate that substantial amounts of agricultural water were returned to streams as irrigation return flow. Thus, irrigation return flow should be fully considered into the agricultural water resources planning in Korea.

저수지 관개 광역 논의 영양물질 수지 분석

송정헌,강문성,송인홍,황순호,박지훈,전상민,김계웅,장정렬,Song, Jung-Hun,Kang, Moon-Seong,Song, Inhong,Hwang, Soon-Ho,Park, Jihoon,Jun, Sang-Min,Kim, Kye-Ung,Jang, Jeong-Ryeol 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.55 No.6

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutrient load balance in the reservoir irrigated paddy block during growing seasons. Idong reservoir irrigation paddy block of 10.3 ha in size was selected to collect hydrologic and water quality data. Irrigation, canal flows, and paddy field drainage were measured using a water level gauge, while water samples were collected and analysed for water quality. The water balance analysis showed that 81 % and 75 % of total outflow were through paddy and irrigation canal drainage during 2011 and 2012, respectively. The water quality of paddy field drainage varied greatly depending on rice cultivation stage ranging from 0.05 to 24.55 mg/L and from 0.01 to 0.76 mg/L for T-N and T-P, correspondently. Paddy field drainage loads during May through June account for 64 % and 76 % in 2012 and 2013, while 82 % and 81 % for T-P in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that rainfall was significantly correlated with nutrient loads during July through August due to runoff, and irrigation was related with nutrient loads of drainage during some period of July through September due to irrigation return flow. This study results showed characteristics of inflow and outflow nutrient loads from plentiful irrigated paddy block.

미처리하수지구 논에서의 수질 및 토양 특성 분석

송정헌,정한석,박지훈,송인홍,강문성,박승우,Song, Jung Hun,Jeong, Han Seok,Park, Ji Hoon,Song, In Hong,Kang, Moon Seong,Park, Seung Woo 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.56 No.6

The objectives of this study were to monitor and analyse water quality and soil property in paddy fields where untreated wastewater is irrigated. Three paddy fields where streamflow mixed with untreated wastewater has been irrigated (untreated wastewater district, UWD) were selected for monitoring, and five paddy fields in Yongin area (Yongin district, YID) where water from Idong agricultural reservoir (well-managed) has been irrigated were selected for comparative evaluation. Electronic conductivity (EC), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N), total phosphorous (T-P), $NO_3-N$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and E. coli of the irrigation water in the UWD were significantly higher than those in the YID. Relatively high concentrations of EC, T-N, T-P, TC, FC, E. coli, copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and aluminium (Al) were shown in the irrigation water of the UWD especially during May to June. In general, the paddy soil in the UWD contained more Pb, Zn, and Cu than in the YID although the soil heavy metal contents in the UWD still meet the Korean soil contamination warning standards. No temporal trends in the heavy metal concentrations were found in paddy soils of the UWD. This study showed that the use of untreated wastewater to paddy fields has the possibility of negative impacts on water quality and soil, although long-term monitoring is needed to fully evaluate its effects.

복합영농 관개지구의 배수량 모의 모형의 개발

송정헌,강문성,송인홍,황순호,박지훈,안지현,Song, Jung-Hun,Kang, Moon-Seong,Song, Inhong,Hwang, Soon-Ho,Park, Jihoon,Ahn, Ji-Hyun 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.55 No.3

The objectives of this study were to develop a hydrologic simulation model to estimate surface drainage for irrigation districts consisting of paddy and protected cultivation, and to evaluate the applicability of the developed model. The model consists of three sub-models; agricultural supply, paddy block drainage, and protected cultivation runoff. The model simulates daily total drainage as the sum of paddy field drainage, irrigation canal drainage, and protected cultivation runoff at the outlets of the irrigation districts. The agricultural supply sub-model was formulated considering crop water requirement for growing seasons and agricultural water management loss. Agricultural supply was calculated for use as input data for the paddy block sub-model. The paddy block drainage sub-model simulates paddy field drainage based on water balance, and irrigation canal drainage as a fraction of agricultural supply. Protected cultivation runoff is calculated based on NRCS (Natural Resources Conservation Service) curve number method. The Idong reservoir irrigation district was selected for surface drainage monitoring and model verification. The parameters of model were calibrated using a trial and error technique, and validated with the measured data from the study site. The model can be a useful tool to estimate surface drainage for irrigated districts consisting of paddy and protected cultivation.

물꼬높이 조절에 따른 논 비점 배출부하 저감효과 모니터링

송정헌 ( Jung Hun Song ),강문성 ( Moon Seong Kang ),송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),김계웅 ( Kye Ung Kim ),장정렬 ( Jeong Ryeol Jang ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

비점오염원 관리를 위해서는 농경지내 발생원 관리가 가장 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 시비 방법 개선, 효율적인 물관리 등을 통한 비점오염원 발생 저감 방안 개발이 요구 되고 있다. 특히, 논의 물꼬 높이를 올리면, 강우 또는 관개수를 저장함에 따라 배수량이 감소하여 배출부하량을 크게 저감할 수 있으며, 관개수량을 절약할 수도 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 논에서의 물꼬높이 조절에 따른 비점오염 배출량 저감효과를 평가하기 위하여, 물꼬 높이 조절 처리구 및 대조구 모니터링 시스템을 구축하고, 처리구와 대조구의 비점오염 배출부하량을 비교ㆍ분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 물꼬 높이 조절에 따른 비점오염 배출량 저감효과를 평가하기 위해 전라북도 익산시 춘포면 용연리 일대에 시험포장을 구성하였다. 시험포장의 처리방법은 관행 영농방법 적용 시험포, 물꼬 높이 조절 시험포로 2처리 2반복으로 하였다. 대조구의 물꼬 높이는 관행 물꼬 높이를 반영하였으며, 대조군은 관행 물꼬 높이를 기준으로 5 cm 높게 구성하였다. 시비량은 새만금 유역에서의 관행적으로 이루어지고 있는 양으로 시비하였다. 물수지 분석을 위하여 관개수량 측정을 위한 유량계, 침투량 측정을 위한 침투량계, 담수심 측정을 위한 초음파 수위계, 포장 배수량 측정을 위한 위어 및 부자식 수위계를 설치하여 물수지 요소를 측정하였다. 물질수지 분석을 위하여 2주 1회 빈도로 정기 조사를 실시하여 관개수와 논물의 수질을 측정하였으며, 영농 초기 및 강우 시에는 집중조사를 위해 10분 ∼ 2시간 간격으로 논물 및 유출수의 수질을 측정하였다. 본 연구결과는 논에서의 주요 물관리 인자인 물꼬 높이 조절에 따른 비점오염 배출기작을 구명하고, 영농방법개선 방안 수립에 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

일본의 수산금융 시스템에 관한 연구

송정헌(Jung Hun Song) 한국수산경영학회 2000 수산경영론집 Vol.31 No.2

Fisheries finance is divided into the policy finance of long period of time and low interest and the special financing institutions, such as Fisheries Co-operatives. Union system finance is the system finance, which supports the fisheries system organization. Fisheries Co-operatives in cities, towns and villages are the independent management objects. Prefecture Federation of Fisheries Co-operative is in a prefecture stage. Norin Chukin Bank is in a national stage. Each shares functions in these three stages, and finance is performed systematically. Fisheries policy finance comprises government financial institution capital such as the Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Finance Corporation whish is based on the capital of a country or a prefecture financial fund, and Fishery Modernization Capital used as financial funds through the government. Moreover, to complement such finance institutionally, Fisheries Credit Foundations, Agriculture and Fisheries Saving Insurance Corporation and National Fisheries Co-operative `Dust Enterprise Mutual Aid system have been established

어류 양식업에 있어서 생사료와 배합사료 급이방식의 경영성과 비교분석

송정헌(Jung-Hun SONG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2011 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.3

농업비점오염 저감을 위한 논 BMPs 우선순위

송정헌 ( Jung-hun Song ),강문성 ( Moon Seong Kang ),송인홍 ( Inhong Song ),김계웅 ( Kyeung Kim ),장정렬 ( Jeongryeol Jang ) 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

비점오염저감을 위한 최적관리기법 (Best Management Practice, BMP)을 평가하기 위해서는 저감효율 뿐만 아니라 비용, 시행가능성, 유지관리, 노동력, 등을 고려하여 복합적으로 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 새만금호 배출부하량 저감을 위한 논에서의 효과적인 농민 보급 방법을 결정하기 위하여 논 BMPs를 비용/저감효과/노동력/유지관리 측면에서 분석하고자 한다. 논 BMPs는 물꼬높이 조절 , 완효성비료 시비, 토양검정시비, 물꼬높이조절+완효성비료 시비, 물꼬높이조절+토양검정시비로 선정하였다. 비용은 수동 물꼬높이 조절장치 가격, 완효성비료 가격, 맞춤형 비료 가격으로부터 산정하였고, 저감효과는 모니터링 결과와 모델링 결과를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 노동력 순위는 물꼬조절장치 설치 노동력과 토양검정을 위한 시료채취 및 농업기술센터로 운송하는 노동력을 고려하였다. 가중치는 비용:저감효과:노동력:유지관리에 대해 2:2:1:1로 설정하여 총 평가점수를 산정하였다. 총 평가점수 분석 결과 우선순위는 토양검정시비 = 물꼬조절 + 토양검정시비 > 물꼬조절 > 완효성비료시비 > 물꼬조절 + 완효성비료시비 순으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 연구결과에 이용된 가중치는 연구자가 임의로 선정하였기에, 추후 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) 등과 같은 다기준의사결정기법을 이용한 보완이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.