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서울 지하철 객차 내 PM<sub>10</sub>과 CO<sub>2</sub>의 농도 변화
손홍지,류경남,임종권,장경조,이기영,Sohn, Hong-Ji,Ryu, Kyong-Nam,Im, Jong-Kwon,Jang, Kyung-Jo,Lee, Ki-Young 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6
The subway is the major public transportation system in Seoul with 2.2 million people using it everyday. Indoor air pollution in the subway can be a significant part of population exposure because of the number of people using the subway, time spent in transit and potentially high exposure for certain pollutants. The Korea Ministry of Environment has established the level 2 of recommended standards of $PM_{10}$ and $CO_2$ in subway trains. The aims of this study were to determine the airborne levels of $PM_{10}$, $CO_2$ and any correlation between pollutant levels and number of passenger in a subway train. The airborne $PM_{10}$ and $CO_2$ were measured on the inside of trains on line #4 for 4 different days from October to November in 2008. Average $PM_{10}$ and $CO_2$ levels were $113{\pm}25{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1402{\pm}442$ ppm, respectively. These levels did not exceed the level 2 of recommended standards of $250{\mu}g/m^3$ for $PM_{10}$ and 3500 ppm for $CO_2$. $PM_{10}$ level was not correlated with the number of passengers, while $CO_2$ levels were positively correlated with the number of passengers. The findings suggested that $PM_{10}$ in subway trains may have sources other than those directly associated with the number of passengers.
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손홍지,류경남,임종권,장경조,이기영 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.6
The subway is the major public transportation system in Seoul with 2.2 million people using it everyday. Indoor air pollution in the subway can be a significant part of population exposure because of the number of people using the subway, time spent in transit and potentially high exposure for certain pollutants. The Korea Ministry of Environment has established the level 2 of recommended standards of PM10 and CO2 in subway trains. The aims of this study were to determine the airborne levels of PM10, CO2 and any correlation between pollutant levels and number of passenger in a subway train. The airborne PM10 and CO2 were measured on the inside of trains on line #4 for 4 different days from October to November in 2008. Average PM10 and CO2 levels were 113±25 ㎍/㎥ and 1402 ± 442 ppm, respectively. These levels did not exceed the level 2 of recommended standards of 250 ㎍/㎥ for PM10 and 3500 ppm for CO2. PM10 level was not correlated with the number of passengers, while CO2 levels were positively correlated with the number of passengers. The findings suggested that PM10 in subway trains may have sources other than those directly associated with the number of passengers.
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손홍지,오애리,김옥금,이기영,Sohn, Hong-Ji,Oh, Ae-Ri,Kim, Ok-Gum,Lee, Ki-Young 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.4
In this study, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) was evaluated in commercial personal computer (PC) rooms with different separation types of non-smoking areas. The particulate matter less than 2.5 ${\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) level was simultaneously measured by aerosol spectrometers in the non-smoking and smoking areas of these commercial PC rooms. Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in non-smoking and smoking areas were $75\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $136\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Although the $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in non-smoking areas were significantly less than those in smoking areas (p<0.01), the levels still exceeded the US National Ambient Air Quality Standard of $35\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in non-smoking areas were not significantly different with regard to area separation type, with $73\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the no-wall type, $83\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the wall-type, and $39\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in the separated-floor-type areas (p>0.1). Separation of the non-smoking area thus did not eliminate SHS exposure in commercial PC rooms, regardless of the type of area separation. This study demonstrates that simple separation of non-smoking areas in commercial PC rooms does not protect users from SHS.
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임수길,김정윤,임완령,손홍지,이기영,Lim, Soo-Gil,Kim, Joung-Yoon,Lim, Wan-Ryung,Sohn, Hong-Ji,Lee, Ki-Young 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of major public health threats. Since secondhand smoke is complex mixture of toxic chemicals, there has been no standardized method to measure SHS quantitatively. The purpose of this manuscript was to review various quantitative methods to measure SHS. There are two different methods: air monitoring and biological monitoring. Air monitoring methods include exhaled carbon monoxide level, ambient fine particulates, nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine. Measurement of fine particulates has been utilized due to presence of real-time monitor, while fine particulates can have multiple indoor sources other than SHS. Ambient nicotine and 3-EP are more specific to SHS, although there is no real-time monitor for these chemicals. Biological monitoring methods include nicotine in hair, cotinine in urine, NNK in urine and DNA adducts. Nicotine in hair can provide chronic internal dose, while cotinine in urine can provide acute dose. Since biological monitoring can provide total internal dose, identification of specific exposure source may be difficult. NNK in urine can indicate carcinogenicity of the SHS exposure. DNA adducts can provide overall cancer causing exposure, but not specific to SHS. While there are many quantitative methods to measure SHS, selection of appropriate method should be based on purposes of assessment. Application of accurate and appropriate exposure assessment method is important for understanding health effects and establishing appropriate control measures.
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실내금연법 실시가 실내환경, 건강, 흡연행태에 미치는 영향
이지연(Jiyeon Lee),임완령(Wanryung Lim),김정윤(Joung Yoon Kim),손홍지(Hongji Sohn),임수길(Soogil Lim),이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국실내환경학회 2008 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.5 No.3
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is one of major public health threats in morbidity and mortality. Several national and regional comprehensive smoke-free regulations have been implemented to prevent public health exposure, but not in Korea. The purpose of this manuscript was to review impacts of the national or regional smoke-free legislations on indoor air quality, health effects and smoking behaviors. Indoor air quality has been improved significantly after smoke free policy. Such improvement was measured by fine particulates and urinary cotinine. Respiratory and cardiovascular health effects were significantly improved after smoke free policy. This is an indirect evidence of association between secondhand smoke exposure and the health effects. Respiratory symptoms were improved as short as one month after smoke free policy. Smoke free policy was also associated with improved perception of danger of secondhand smoke. Reduction of smoking prevalence was also unexpected benefit of smoke free policy. As reviewed in this paper, smoke free policy can be beneficial to indoor air quality, health effects and smoking behaviors. Since Korea does not have comprehensive smoke free policy yet, it is strongly recommended to implement national comprehensive smoke free policy.
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