Doxylamine 중독에 의한 횡문근융해증 2예

손호상(Ho Sang Sohn),안기성(Ki Sung Ahn),박정기(Jeong Ki Park),정의달(Ye Dal Jeong),조선주(Sun Joo Cho),여동근(Dong Geun Yeo),최정윤(Jung Yoon Cheo),이지현(Jee Hyen Lee) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.3

Doxylamine succinate is common over-the-counter sleep medication that is frequently involved in accidental poisonings and suicide attempts. Doxylamine overdose is generally directed at the anticholinergic effect including autonomic,and central nervous system effect and direct cardiac toxicity. Rarely, rhabdo-myolysis has been reported with doxylamine over-dose. We experienced two cases of rhabdomyolysis with overdose of doxylamine in 17-year-old and 31-year-old male. They were diagnosed with high levels of creatine phosphokinase in serum, myoglobin in serum and urine, and increased radionuclide uptake of muscles in (99m)Tc-MDP bone scan. Patients recovered without any complications with hydration and diuresis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of rhabdomyolysis in patients with doxylamine overdose.

Ar+O2 혼합가스 취입에 의한 용철의 탈탄 반응속도

손호상 ( Ho Sang Sohn ),정광현 ( Kwang Hyun Jung ) 대한금속재료학회 2009 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.47 No.2

아연의 제련 및 리사이클링 현황

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.5

Global production of zinc is about 13 million tons and zinc is the fourth-most widely used primary metal in the world following iron, aluminum and copper. When zinc is recycled to produce secondary zinc, it can save about 75 % of the total energy that is needed to produce the primary zinc from ore, and in therms of $CO_2$ emissions reduced by about 40 %. However, since zinc is mainly used for galvanizing of steel, the recycling rate of zinc is about 25 %, which is lower than other metals. The raw materials for recycling of zinc include dusts generated in the production of steel and brass, sludge in the production process of non-ferrous metals, dross in the melting of zinc ingots or hot dip galvanizing, waste batteries, and metallic scrap. Among them, steelmaking dust and waste batteries are most actively recycled up to now. Most of the recycling process uses pyrometallurgical methods. Recently, however, much attention has been given to a combined process of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes.

분말야금을 위한 타이타늄 제련기술 현황

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국분말재료학회 (*구 분말야금학회) 2021 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.28 No.2

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and is the fourth most abundant structural metal after aluminum, iron, and magnesium. It exhibits a higher specific strength than steel along with an excellent corrosion resistance, highlighting the promising potential of titanium as a structural metal. However, titanium is difficult to extract from its ore and is classified as a rare metal, despite its abundance. Therefore, the production of titanium is exceedingly low compared to that of common metals. Titanium is conventionally produced as a sponge by the Kroll process. For powder metallurgy (PM), hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) of the titanium sponge or gas atomization of the titanium bulk is required. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted on smelting, which replaces the Kroll process and produces powder that can be used directly for PM. In this review, the Kroll process and new smelting technologies of titanium for PM, such as metallothermic, electrolytic, and hydrogen reduction of TiCl₄ and TiO₂ are discussed.

금도금의 전류효율에 미치는 과황산칼륨 첨가의 영향

손인준 ( In Joon Son ),손호상 ( Ho-sang Sohn ),김경태 ( Kyung Tae Kim ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2016 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.54 No.9

In this study, the effect of potassium persulfate on current efficiency for gold plating was investigated using electrochemical techniques. The current efficiency in the low-current-density range greatly decreased when potassium persulfate was added to the gold plating solution. However, the current efficiency in the high-current-density range did not change with the addition of potassium persulfate. The measured contact resistances of the resulting gold-plated layers showed almost similar values, regardless of the addition of potassium persulfate, suggesting that potassium persulfate does not affect the property of the gold layers. Linear sweep voltammetry and partial polarization curves showed that the persulfate ion was reduced when the noble potential was more than that of the gold ion. Therefore, the current efficiency for gold plating decreased when potassium persulfate was added in the low-current-density range because at such a current-density the reduction of persulfate preferentially occurs. (Received November 18, 2015; Accepted April 5, 2016)

납의 제련 및 리사이클링 현황

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.4

Lead is one of the common non-ferrous metals used in modern industry. The usage of lead continues to increase and has risen from 5 million tonnes per year worldwide in the 1970s to 11 million tonnes in the 2010s. In principle lead is virtually 100 % recyclable as an element without loss of quality. The recycling of lead scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. Therefore production of secondary lead from scrap has been steadily growing and at present it meets approximately 60 % of usage worldwide. Lead scrap (mainly lead-acid battery) is smelted in primary and secondary smelter. Most secondary lead smelting were performed in a shaft-type furnace (blast furnace), rotary furnace and reverberatory furnace. The lead bullion is either cast into ingots and re-melted in refining kettles or refining is performed on the hot lead bullion immediately after production. This work provides an overview of the primary lead production and recycling process.

동스크랩의 리사이클링

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.3

Copper is one of the first metals utilized by humankind about 11,500 years ago. But copper is not plentiful metallic element in the earth's crust. Copper has a high thermal and electric conductivity and is relatively corrosion resistant. In principle copper is virtually 100 % recyclable as an element without loss of quality. The recycling of copper scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. Currently, approximately 30% of the global copper supply provides by recycling. Copper scrap is smelted in primary and secondary smelter. Type of furnace and process steps depend on the quality and grade of scrap. Depending on copper content of the secondary raw material, refining is required, which is usually done through electrorefining. This work provides an overview of the primary copper production and recycling process.

알루미늄의 리사이클링 기술

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2019 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.28 No.2

Aluminum is the most abundant metal and the second most plentiful metallic element in the earth's crust, after silicon. Aluminum is a light, conductive, and corrosion resistant metal with strong affinity for oxygen. However, the primary aluminum production process is highly energy intensive. The recycling of aluminum scrap reduces the energy consumption and environmental burden, comparing to the primary metal production. However, the amount of the recovered metal from scrap is limited because of the difficulties to remove the impurities in the scrap. This work provides an overview of the aluminum production and recycling process, from the preparation of alumina to the scrap upgrading and the melting process.

텅스텐의 제련과 리사이클링 현황

손호상,Sohn, Ho-Sang 한국분말재료학회 (*구 분말야금학회) 2021 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.28 No.4

Because of its unique properties, tungsten is a strategic and rare metal used in various industrial applications. However, the world's annual production of tungsten is only 84000 t. Ammonium paratungstate (APT), which is used as the main intermediate in industrial tungsten production, is usually obtained from tungsten concentrates of wolframite and scheelite by hydrometallurgical treatment. Intermediates such as tungsten trioxide, tungsten blue oxide, tungstic acid, and ammonium metatungstate can be derived from APT by thermal decomposition or chemical attack. Tungsten metal powder is produced through the hydrogen reduction of high-purity tungsten oxides, and tungsten carbide powder is produced by the reaction of tungsten powder and carbon black powder at 1300-1700℃ in a hydrogen atmosphere. Tungsten scrap can be divided into hard and soft scrap based on shape (bulk or powder). It can also be divided into new scrap generated during the production of tungsten-bearing goods and old scrap collected at the end of life. Recycling technologies for tungsten can be divided into four main groups: direct, chemical, and semi-direct recycling, and melting metallurgy. In this review, the current status of tungsten smelting and recycling technologies is discussed.

일메나이트 광의 Fe 선택염화 거동에 미치는 환원제의 영향에 관한 연구

손용익,손호상,정재영,Son, Yongik,Sohn, Ho-Sang,Jung, Jae-Young 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.3

In this study, the behaviors of Fe selective chlorination in ilmenite ore by using PVC or $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture as reducing agents under the condition of 1173 K, for 60 minutes were investigated. The weight loss ratio was 28% when PVC was applied as the reducing agent. The condensate formed at the outlet of reaction tube was identified as $FeCl_2$ by X-ray diffraction analysis. From these results, it was observed that iron in ilmenite ore reacted with HCl gas and Fe was selectively removed in the form $FeCl_2$. However, when $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture was used as a reducing agent, the weight reduction ratio was 54%, and the condensate formed at the outlet of reaction tube after the experiment was estimated to be $FeCl_3$. It was observed that the ilmenite ore reacted with the $CO-Cl_2$ gas mixture and was simultaneously removed in the form of $FeCl_3$ and $TiCl_4$. However, the results of X-ray diffraction of ilmenite ore after the reaction showed that Fe was almost removed.