누에의 인공사료에 대한 섭식성과 구기의 형태적 특징에 대하여 - 더듬이 및 소시의 형태적 특징을 중심으로 -

황석조,마영일,손해룡,Hwang, Seok-Jo,Mah, Young-Il,Sohn, Hae-Ryong 한국현미경학회 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.1

누에의 사료에 대한 섭식성 반응이 다른 2계통에 대한 두부의 형태적 차이를 전자현미경적 관찰을 하였다 이들 2계통의 두부와 촉각의 형태적 차이는 변이가 심하고 다양하다. 섭식성 반응이 높은 계통에 있어서는 소시지의 돌기가 매우 잘 발달되어 있는 반면 섭식성 반응이 낮은 계통에 있어서는 형태적으로 퇴화되어 있다. 또한 촉각의 셋째마디의 유병돌기가 발달되어 있지 않으며 사료에 대한 섭식 반응이 낮고 극단적으로 퇴화되어 있는 개체는 사료를 감지하지 못하여 결국에는 굶어 죽은 것으로 사료된다. The silkworm feeding behaviour reveals two types of feeding response i. e., energetic and inert feeding response to diet. These two new technical terms are being introduced in the present study. The structures of functional organs of mouthpart and antenna of energetic and inert feeding response to diet were examined by scanning electron microscope. There is a big variations in the ultrastructures of different sensilla. The maxillary palpi or sensilla basiconica at the top of maxillary palpus of maxilla are well developed in the energetic larva while in the inert larva, these organs on the right side are extremely deformed. Similarly, these sensilla on the third segment of antenna are well developed in the larva energetic to diet has only two deformed sensilla basiconica, that is why silkworm can not show a proper form. This is related to abnormality and it is due to the fact that behaviour is too strong to select the food but fails and finally dies of the starvation.

인공사료육(人工飼料育)에 있어서 핵질다각체(核質多角體) 바이러스에 대한 누에 품종별(品種別) 감수성(感受性)의 차이(差異)

임종성 ( Jong Sung Lim ),손해룡 ( Hae Ryong Sohn ),이영근 ( Yung Keun Lee ),설광열 ( Gwang Youl Seol ) 한국잠사학회 1980 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.22 No.2

인공사료사육에 있어서 핵다각체바이러스에 대한 품종별 저항성을 검토하기 위해서 7개의 장려품종을 공시해서 그 죽은 누에 비율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인공사료에 기른 누에에 핵다각체를 접종했을 때 바이러스의 10(7)/ml의 높은 농도를 적용할 경우에는 품종, 영기에 관계없이 대부분 거의 발병하는 높은 치사율을 나타냈으며 10(6)/ml의 경우도 같은 경향으로 높은 발병률을 보였다. 2. 바이러스의 농도가 10(5)/ml~10(3)/ml의 낮은 농도에서는 바이러스에 대한 감수성에 있어서 품종간에 차이를 보여주었다. 잠111×잠112와 한생1호×한생2호는 각 영기의 처리에 있어서 다른 품종보다 치사율이 낮음으로써 낮은 감수성을 보여주었다. 3. 어느 품종에 있어서나 일반적으로 2령 때가 3령 때보다 바이러스에 대한 감수성이 높았다. Practical application of silkworm artificial diet is very desirable to save labour in sericultural industry as the problem of labour shortage is becoming serious in Korea. However, silkworms reared on the artificial diet are more susceptible to viruses than those reared on mulberry leaves because of the lower anti-viral activity of gut juice of silkworms grown on artificial diet compared with that of silkworms grown on mulberry leaves. In this study, authors investigated the varietal difference of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L., reared on artificial diet which contained 20 percent of dried mulberry powder, in the susceptibility to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). The results showed that there is no difference in susceptibility to NPV among tested varieties when high concentration of NPV was admitted to silkworm larvae, but varietal difference appeared in lower concentration admitted. Among 7 hybrids tested, Hansaeng 1×Hansaeng 2 was most resistant to NPV with an LC50 of 2.7×10(6) and Jam 111×Jam 112 was also more resistant comparatively than other hybrids.

Diflubenzuron이 누에의 실샘 발달에 미치는 영향

김영섭 ( Kim Yeong Seob ),손해룡 ( Sohn Hae Ryong ) 한국잠사학회 2001 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.43 No.2

DFB는 IGR계통의 약제로서 나비목 곤충류에 널리 사용되고 있으며, 주로 알려진 효과는, DFB 본래의 chitin합성 억제 특성이외에(Post and Vincent, 1973), DFB의 물질분비능력억제 효과가 보고되어 있다(Nakagawa et al., 1996). 또 다른 한편으로 DBF가 juvenile hormone(JH)의 길항으로 작용하고 있다고 추정되고 있다. 따라서 본 실험은 DFB가 누에의 발육성장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 DFB를 2.5×10^(-2)μg/μl, 2.5×10^(-3)μg/μl의 농도로 누에에 처리하였다. 본 조사에서는 DFB가 누에의 실샘에 미치는 영향을 조사 하기 위해, SEM을 이용한 미세구죠 분석 및 외부형태 변화 그리고 DFB처리에 의한 실샘의 건물중량, 수분량 등을 알아보았다. 실샘의 발육정도는 DFB의 처리농도에 따라서는 큰 차이가 없었고, DFB의 처리시기와 처리 회수에 따라 많은 차이가 있었다. 처리기간이 길수록 실샘의 건물중량은 현격히 줄었으며, 반대로 실샘의 수분함량은 증가하였다. 특히 5령 1일, 3일 처리구에서 실샘의 수분함량이 80% 이상으로 증가되어 수분생리대사에 영향을 미쳤고 그 결과 실샘 물질의 물리성이 변하여 결국 정상적인 토사가 이루어지지 않아 불결견잠으로 된 원인이었다. DFB를 처리한 누에 실샘의 외부 특징은 중부 실샘에 백색경화현상이 나타났으며 이 부위를 전자현미경으로 확인한 결과 실샘의 세포막이 정상과는 달리 조밀하여 실샘 세포 내에서 합성된 견단백질이 분비가 되지 않고 실샘 내에 축적되었다. This study was investigated to know the effects of diflubenzuron(DFB) on the larval silkgland development of the silkworm. Bombyxmori(L). It has been known as a prohibitor of chitin syntheses mostly on the species of the Order Lepioptera. In this work, the effecs of the DFB concentrations(2.5 ×10(-1), 2.5×10(-2), and 2.5×10(-3)ug/ul) on the various larval stages, were investigated in terms on the silkgland. The macro-and microstructure of cell membrane of silkgland, and the differences of silkgland weight and water contents treated by DFB are also surveyed. As the tesults, the silkgland weight depended sensitively on not the DFB concentration but the DFB treatment period. The longer DFB treatment period, the lighter dried silkgland weight and the heavier water content of the silkgland. White opaque(WO) emerged in the middle silkgland of DFB treated larva. from the scanning election microscope observation, the cell membrane of silkgland of DFB treated larva was distinctly more compact compared to that of control. The WO was evidently resulted from the obstacles of normal transformation of silk protein through the cell membrane of middle silkgland.

세리신잠(Nd-s,Nd(H))의 발육 특성

김수연 ( Soo Yeon Kim ),손해룡 ( Hae Ryong Sohn ) 한국잠사학회 2003 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.45 No.1

RAPD 마커를 이용한 멧누에와 집누에 계통간의 분자적 유연관계 분석

황재삼,이진성,구태원,강현아,손해룡,김호락,Hwang, Jae-Sam,Lee, Jin-Sung,Goo, Tae-Won,Kang, Hyun-Ah,Sohn, Hae-Ryong,Kim, Ho-Rak 한국생명과학회 1998 생명과학회지 Vol.8 No.4

본 연구는 RAPD마커를 이용, 멧누에와 집누에의 분자적 유연관계를 분석하였다. 공시한 35개의 primer에서 166개의 RAPD마커를 얻었으며, 이들 마커를 UPGMA에 의해 분석한 결과, 멧누에와 분자적 유사계수가 가장 낮은 품종은 잠305였고, 가장 높은 품종은 Bibaekjam이었다. 또한, 분자적 유사계수 0.55에서 멧누에와 집누에 계통군으로 분류되고, 0.60에서 3개의 아군 그룹과 2개의 독립개체로 분류되었다. 제1아군에는 J111(일본종계),$pnd^{ps}$(일본종계), Bibaekjam(일본종계)이, 제2아군에는 Galwon(중국종계), C18(중국종계), od yujam JAM306(중국종계), C108(중국종계)이, 제3아군에는 R-hwang(중국종계)이 포함되어 있었고, zebra(유럽종계)와 JAM305(일본종게)는 독립개체로 분류되었다. The molecular relationships have analyzed between the Bombyx mandarina(wild silkworm) and Bombyx mori strains (domesticated silkworm, geographical silkworms). A total of 166 polymorphic RAPD markers amplified from 35 different primers were used to analyze the molecular relationships among thirteen silkworm strains. The genetic similarity coefficient between Bombyx mandarina and Jam305 showed the lowest genetic similarity value with 0.451, Bombyx mandarina and Bibaekjam showed the highest genetic similarity value with 0.958. These strains were classified into Bombyx mandarina(a wild silkworm) and Bombyx mori(twelve domesticated silkworm) groups upon the genetic similary coefficient of 0.55. Further classificient of 0.60; the 1st sub-group (J111, Bibaekjam, $pnd^{ps}$), the 2nd sub-group (Galwon, C18, od yujam, JAM306, C108), the 3rd sub-group(R-hwang, p50), the 4th sub-group(zebra) and the 5th sub-group(JAM305). According to this study, RAPD markers seems to be a valuable tool for molecular relationships and classification among the silkworms.

누에 奬勵品種의 人工飼料育에 대한 齡別病源性 硏究

孫海龍 慶北大學校 새마을硏究所 1979 農村과 科學 Vol.2 No.-

A study was made on the variety difference of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. which had been reared on artificial diet, in the resistance to the peroral infection with a nuclear polyherosis virus. The results indicated there was a large variation for the resistance among various silkworm varieties such as Jam 107×Jam 108. Jam111×Jam 112, Jam 113×Jam 114, Jam 115×Jam 116, Jam 117×Jam 118, Hanseang 1×Hanseang 2 and Gyungchu×Yunil, suggesting that a number of genetical factors together with the effect of the silkworm to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. It was clearly demonstrated that the mortality of the silkworm larvae among the varieties were more than 50 percent without big variations in any instar's inoculation with the high concentration of 10^7/ml and 10^6/ml dose, but there were a considerable difference in the resistance in the treatment of lower inoculum of 10^5/ml to 10^3/ml, indicating the less susceptability of Jam 111×Jam 112 and Hanseang 1×Hansaeng 2 to the nuclear polyhedrosis virus. In the comparision of the three different instar's mortalities the silkworm larvae at the third instar showed lower suscptability than the larvae at the second and fourth instar.

누에의 人工飼料에 있어서 곡물의 利用에 관한 硏究

孫海龍,李鎭根 慶北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

This studies were investigated on the utilization of the grain flour instead of starches in the artificial diet for silkworm raising. The results are as follows; 1. The corn, barley, small green pea and rice powder are good for feeding response and available to starch source for artificial diet. 2. The small green pea and millet powder instead of potato starches were affected shorten young larval period. 3. The corn powder was affected shorten grown larval period but the cocoon shell weight were weighted more heavy. 4. In the original race, jam 113 and Jam 114 were shortened larval period and cocoon quality were more better than another varieties. 5. In the hybrid, Jam 113 x Jam 114 was affected better larval period, mortality and cocoon quality than another varieties. 6. The constant dark condition was shortened in the larval period and was affected significantly cocoon quality in the artificial feeding. 7. Artificial diet fed on 1st-2nd larval stage were affected more long larval period and a little lighter than mulberry leaf feeding. so there were no problems on artificial feeding, because 1st-2nd on Artificial diet feeding were same levels on various characters and were recovered infereior characters to change on mulberry leaf feeding but 1st-3rd on artificial diet feeding were affected more worse than cocoon production, cocoon quality and larval period on mulberry leaf feeding.

蠶卵의 秋期採種時 原種, F_1 및 F_2의 孵化力과 再出卵發生에 關한 硏究

孫海龍 慶北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

This study was carred out to know hatching ability and unseasonal hatched egg of the original, F_1 and F_2 hybrid in Autumn production. The results of this study were summarized as follows: About hatching ability, F_1 hybrid was best, second was F_2 hybrid and then original race was worst. The reason was the ratios of unseasonal hatched egg, dead egg and unfertilized egg were increased, and each ratios were 3.8, 2.9 and 2.5 percent. The unseasonal hatching egg was found in all Japanese original races, but F_1 hybrid was observed its eggs slightly. By contrasting to the F_2 hybrid was hatched its egg and the ratios were very high. On the contrary, this eggs were not hatched at all in original Chinese races, F_1 and F_2 hybrid of Chinese×Chines races.

稚蠶 人工飼料育에 關한 硏究

孫海龍,金潤植 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1975 硏究報告 Vol.3 No.-

This work was carried out to compare fed on artificial diets with mulberry leaves on silkworm young larva. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The larva fed on artificial diets were inferior to larval characters and cocoon qualities than mulberry leaves. 2. After fed on mulberry leaves, the larva on artificial diets were largely affected on various characters by qualities of mulberry leaves. 3. This composition of artificial diet may be shortened the duration of young larva.

Morphological Features of Maxilla and Antennae Structures fed on Artieicial Diet in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. : Silkworm Breading Center, Azad kashmir, Pakistan

Sohn, Hae Ryong,Khawaja Mohammed Sadiq 慶北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.51 No.-

본 실험은 인공사료육잠에 있어서 아래턱 및 촉각의 형태학적 특성을 구명하고자 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 촉각에 있어서 섭식성의 강한 누에는 4개의 원추상 돌기가 발달되어 있고 섭식성이 약한 누에는 발달되지 않은 2개의 원추상 돌기를 인정할 수 있었다. 아래턱에 있어서 섭식성이 강한 누에는 좌우 8개의 원추상 돌기가 발달되어 있었으나 섭식성이 약한 누에는 오른쪽 원추상 돌기의 발달이 전혀 부진하였다. 잠 107 및 잠 108에 있어서 아랫입술은 섭식성에 강한 누에가 약한 것에 비하여 길이가 길었다. 그러나 스리랑카 품종인 51은 유의성이 없었다. The silkworms used in the experiment were categorized into reveals two types of feeding response i. e.. energetic and inert feeding response. The structures of functional organs of mouth part and antennae of energetic and inert feeding response were examined by scanning electron microscope. There is a big variations in the ultrastructures of different sensilla. the maxillary palpi or the sensilla basiconica at the top of maxillary palpus of maxilla are well developed in the energetic larvae while in the inert larvae these organs on thr right side are extremely deformed. Similarly, these sensilla on the third segment of antennae are well developed in the energetic larvae and four in number but in the inert larvae only two deformed sensilla basiconica are present. The different feeding response between the energetic and the inert larvae are due to morphological normal and abnormal primary organs of the mouth part for the food preference and food location. These fact findings suggests that a sluggish behavior of the larvae was probably not due to physiological obstruction but due to the abnormality of maxillary and antennal sensilla of the silkworm.