Arabidopsis atDjC53 encoding a type III J-protein plays a negative role in heat shock tolerance

소현아,이재헌,정은숙 한국유전학회 2014 Genes & Genomics Vol.36 No.6

J-proteins have been considered as obligatechaperones with Hsp70 in prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes. We have cloned and characterized a novel gene, at-DjC53 (Arabidopsis thaliana DnaJ type C protein 53),encoding a type III J-class protein, the function of whichhas not yet been identified. Deduced amino acid sequencesof atDjC53 show the highest homology (72 %) withJ-proteins from Glycine max, Populus trichocarpa, andRicnus communis and with the A. thaliana type III J-classprotein, atDjC31 (53 %). Based on the real-time quantitativeRT-PCR analysis, the mRNA levels of atDjC53 wereincreased in response to heat shock (HS) stress, suggestingits function in the HS tolerance signaling response. Subcellularlocalization studies demonstrated that the atDjC53-GFP fusion protein was localized in the nucleus. DifferentialRNA expression of atDjC53 by HS stresses inspiredus to test the HS tolerance of atDjC53 in Arabidopsis. Atthe seed germination and mature plant stages, overexpressionof atDjC53 in Arabidopsis reduced thermotolerancecompared to the wild-type. In the 35S:atDjC53transgenic plants, RNA expression levels of several HSresponsivegenes including Hsp25.3-P and Hsa32 weresignificantly reduced compared to that of the WT duringthe recovery period after HS. Thermotolerance testindicated that ectopic expression of atDjC53 clearlyattenuated the HS tolerance of Arabidopsis possibly due tothe reduced expression levels of several key Hsp genes ascompared to those observed in the WT plants. These resultssuggested that atDjC53 may play a negative regulatory rolein response to HS.

Molecular characterization of soybean GmDjp1 encoding a type III J-protein induced by abiotic stress

소현아,정은숙,이재헌 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.2

Heat stress severely affects plant growth and development causing crop loss worldwide. Classical type I DnaJ proteins (also called as J-proteins, J-domain proteins or HSP40 proteins) function as molecular co-chaperones for the HSP70 proteins. In this study, we have cloned and characterized a novel gene GmDjp1 (Glycine max DnaJ protein 1) encoding a type III J-protein of which function has not been identified in plant. Deduced amino acid sequences of GmDjp1 show the highest homology with a J-protein from Medicago truncatula legume plant (83 %)and with Arabidopsis thaliana type III J-class proteins, at-DjC53 (77 %) and atDjC32 (50 %). DNA blot analysis revealed that GmDjp1 exists as a 2-copy gene in soybean genome. GmDjp1 mRNA was induced by a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses, including wounding, heat-shock, dehydration,cold or high-salinity stress, suggesting its role in the signaling events in the abiotic stress-related defense response. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that the GmDjp1-GFP fusion protein was localized in the nucleus. Differential RNA expression of GmDjp1 by heatshock stress inspired us to test heat-shock tolerance of GmDjp1in E. coli. Heterologous expression of GmDjp1conferred tolerance to high temperature stress in E. coli. This report provides strong evidence that GmDjp1 may play a critical role during heat-shock stress in cell.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Soybean Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase Induced by Abiotic Stresses

소현아,정은숙,Chang-Woo Cho,Kee-Young Kim,이재헌 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.4

Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to isolate wound-induced genes from soybean. One of the wound-induced genes, gmwi143 designated as GmCCR,showed high homology with genes encoding cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR; EC 1.2.1.44). Deduced amino acid sequences encoded by GmCCR showed the highest identity (77%) with those of Acacia CCR. There are 2CCR genes highly homologous to GmCCR in soybean genome based on Phytozome DB analysis. RNA expression of GmCCR was specifically induced by local and systemic wounding, drought, high salinity or by ultraviolet stress. Our study suggests that GmCCR may be involved in resistance mechanism during abiotic stresses in plants.

NAC Transcription Factors from Soybean (Glycine max L.) Differentially Regulated by Abiotic Stress

소현아,이재헌 한국식물학회 2019 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.62 No.2

Plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC)-domain proteins play important roles in plant developmentand stress responses. This study presents a comprehensiveoverview of GmSNAC genes. Eight of 71 GmSNAC genesdifferentially induced by abiotic stresses were identified. Based on the structural characteristics and phylogeneticrelationships of Arabidopsis, rice, and soybean NACs, theGmSNACs were divided into five subgroups. Five GmSNACproteins were localized in the nucleus and three GmSNACproteins containing transmembrane domains were found inthe nucleus and in other fractions. Based on the transcriptionalactivities of eight GmSNAC proteins fused to the GAL4 DB,it seems that the respective GmSNAC might play atranscriptional activator or repressor role in yeast. Here, weidentify the roles of GmSNAC49 in stress responses andother processes. The overexpression of GmSNAC49 inArabidopsis produced increased tolerance to drought stresscompared to WT plants. Real-time (q)RT-PCR analysessuggest that overexpression of GmSNAC49 resulted in theupregulation of genes involved in the drought and/or ABAsignaling pathway. These results suggest that GmSNAC49might play a positive role in drought stress tolerance byregulating drought-responsive genes in Arabidopsis. Overall,the results of this systematic analysis of the GmSNAC familyresponsive to abiotic stress will provide novel tools andresources for the development of improved drought toleranttransgenic soybean cultivars.

저소득층 어머니-아동간 책읽기 상호작용

소현아,김명순 연세대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 生活科學論集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore low-income mother-child interactions during reading two types of children's picture books, a narrative book and a informational book. The subjects were 40 low-income mothers and their children at the age of the 3- and the 4-year-olds. While the mothers read aloud the books with their children, their interactions were videotaped. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, x^2 tests and paired-t tests. The results were as follows: First, the low-income mothers' verbal behaviors from the most to the least were statements, questions, and responses. The mothers frequently showed description, explanation, labelling statement, labelling questions and repetition feeback to their children. The children frequently used answers, labellings, and topic continuation statements. Second, the low-income mothers and their children showed more verbal behaviors during the informational bookreading than those during the narrative bookreading. The children used more labelling behaviors during the informational bookreading than those during the narrative bookreading.

개방 근첨 치아의 근관 충전방법에 따른 치근단 폐쇄효과에 관한 연구

소현,최호영,최경규,최기운,So, Hyun,Choi, Ho-Young,Choi, Kyung-Kyu,Choi, Gi-Woon 대한치과보존학회 2000 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare the leakage of four different obturation techniques in conjunction with immediate apical barrier of ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate(TCP) in teeth with open apex. Eighty single-rooted human premolar teeth were prepared and sectioned horizontally, so maximum diameter in apex was 4mm. Apical defects that were similar to open apex, were created with #1/2 round bur and SF104R bur. The apical foramen were opened to a size 80 file extended 3mm beyond the apex. The teeth were placed into the oasis block soaked saline to simulate periapical tissue often associated with pulpless teeth and received apical barriers consisting of TCP followed by obturation using lateral condensation technique, vertical condensation technique, continuous wave technique and thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique. Two unobturated teeth served as positive and negative controls. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for S days at $4^{\circ}C$, and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were then sectioned horizontally at 1.5mm(level 1), 2.5mm(level 2) and 3.5mm(level 3) from the apex, and examined under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}40$ magnification. The photographs were taken at ${\times}40$ magnification of the filling in each level and scanned. The leakage length in tooth/resin interface was measured at each of the three levels. Each ratio of leakage was obtained by calculating the ratio of the leakage length of canal wall infiltrated with resin to the total length of the canal and was analyzed statistically(One-way ANOVA and Scheffe test). The result were as follows : 1. At the level 1, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), but there was statistically significant(p<0.05). 2. At the level 2, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), and the most leakage in the continuous wave technique group(group 3). There was statistically significant difference between the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group and the continuous wave technique group(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, there was the least leakage in the thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique group(group 4), but there were no statistically significant differences between other groups(p>0.05). These results suggest that thermoplasticized gutta-percha injection technique which had 1mm apical gutta-percha matrix after the formation of TCP apical barrier, can demonstrate favorable apical sealing.

초등학생의 스트레스와 스트레스 증상간의 관계

소현,정영숙 韓國學校保健學會 2003 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study id primarily intended to examine the stress and physical, emotional and behavioral stress symptoms of elementary school students supply the basic data of intervention for children's health promotion. The subjects of this study were 616 students who were currently enrolled in 5th and 6th grade elementary school in Jeollabukdo ; 3 schools in J city and other 6 in 3 rural area. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaire form 3rd to 13th April 2002 and collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0. The results of this study were as followings. 1. The mean score of stress that children experience was 2.73 and the most stressful factor was a friendship stress. The most frequently experienced stress were fell that a friends would leave them alone. 2. The mean score stress symptom that children experience was 1.92 and the most stressful symptom was the emotion symptom. The most frequently experienced stressful symptom were feel fatigue of everyday. 3. General characteristics related to stress were showed significantly different according to sex(t=-3.243, p=.001) 4. General characteristics related to stress symptoms were showed significantly different according to sex(t=-2.268, p=.024), family circumstances(F=8.697, p=.000, academic scores(F=11.216, p=.000) and parental concerns on a child(t=-2.561, p=.011). 5. The relation between stress and stress symptoms showed a positive correlation, which was significant statistically(r=.453, p=.000). In conclusion, elementary school students experience various stresses and the stress symptoms have positive close connection with health problems. Therefore, to study the students stress and consequent symptoms further, it is recommended that we should subdivide and analyze the stressor and stress symptoms by proper areas. In the meantime, in order to promote children's health using the data in this study, we should develop the correlated program among individual, family, school and community while we are deeply concerned about and support children continuously.

사람 치수 세포와 치주 인대 세포의 유전자 발현에 관한 비교 연구

소현,박상혁,최기운 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.5

The purpose of this study was to characterize functional distinction between human dental pulp cells(PC) and periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) using cDNA micro array assay and to confirm the results of the microarray assay using RT-PCR. 3 genes out of 51 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PC were selected, and 3 genes out of 19 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PDLC were selected for RT-PCR as well. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. From the micro array assay, 51 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PC than PDLC. 2. RT-PCR confirmed that ITGA4 and TGFβ2 were more expressed in PC than in PDLC 3. From the micro array assay, 19 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PDLC than PC. 4. RT-PCR confirmed that LUM, WISP1. and MMP1 were more expressed in PDLC than in PC. From the present study, different expression of the genes between the PC and PDLC were characterized to show the genes which play an important role in dentinogenesis were more expressed from PC than PDLC, while the genes which were related with collagen synthesis were more expressed from PDLC than PC. 본 연구는 사람 치수세포 및 치주인대세포의 차이를 알아보고자 배양한 각각의 세포를 CDNA microarray assay를 통하여 유전자의 발현정도의 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 각각의 세포에서 2배 이상의 유전자 발현의 차이를 보이는 유전자중 특징적인 3가지 유전자를 선택하여 RT-PCR로 검증한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다; 1. Microarray assay 결과, 치주인대 세포에 비해 치수 세포에서 2배 이상 발현한 유전자 수는 총 51개가 나타났다. 2. RT-PCR의 결과, 치주인대세포에 비해 치수 세포에서 ITGA4, TGF-β2 등이 높게 나타났다. 3. Microarray assay결과, 치수 세포에서 비해 치주인대 세포에서 2배 이상 발현한 유전자 수는 총 19개가 나타났다. 4. RT-PCR의 결과, 치수 세포에 비해 치주인대세포에서 LUM, WISP1, MMP1 등이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과로 치수세포에는 상아질 형성에 관여하는 특징적인 유전자가 치주인대세포에 비해 높게 발현되었으며, 치주인대세포에는 교원질 합성에 관여하는 특징적인 유전자가 치수세포에 비해 높게 발현되어, 치수세포와 치주인데 세포는 유전자 발현의 차이가 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

Understanding and Utilization of Social Media Algorithms by Gen-Z Content Creators and Users - A Study of Reciprocal Relationship and Implications -

소현서,홍창표,손채현,김나경,김 동 환 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2023 디자인융복합연구 Vol.22 No.2

This paper investigates the reciprocal relationship between social media algorithms and users, and the potential impact on the social media environment. As social media increasingly becomes an essential part of everyday life of Gen-Z, there are concerns about how its algorithms may influence users. We examine the extent to which users understand and use the algorithm, and the tactics they employ to do so. Additionally, we categorize users into content creators and content users, exploring how these questions apply to each group. By surveying 508 content users and conducting in-depth interviews with content creators, we provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Our findings indicate that users understand and actively manipulate algorithms to suit their preferences. We argue that algorithm designers must consider users' interests to ensure ethical and effective designs. This research has important implications for the future of algorithmic design.

원거리 플라즈마에 의한 Photo-Resist 세정과 In-situ 표면 분석

소현,전형탁,김영채 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.3

원거리 산소, 수소 플라즈마를 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼 표면에 7,000Å 두께의 감광제(Photo-Resist: PR)를 제거하는 건식세정을 수행하였다. 실시간 질량분석과 in-situ XPS 분석으로 분해되는 유기화합물의 기상 및 표면 변화특성을 관찰하였으며, 표면온도, 유량, 플라즈마 출력과 노출시간의 공정변수 영향을 조사하였다. 최소공정 조건(130℃, 10sccm, 100W와 180초)에서 PR 분해속도가 4,500Å/min을 나타내었다. 산소 플라즈마는 유기화합물인 PR을 산화시켜 휘발성 물질로 전환시키는데 효과적이었으나 산소 라디칼이 실리콘 표면과 반응하여 산화막을 성장시키는 문제를 초래하였다. 따라서, 산소 플라즈마의 에싱(ashing)과정을 질량분석기로 모니터링하여 감광제를 제거한 후 수소 플라즈마를 적용하는 2단계 세정공정으로 실리콘 표면 위에 존재하는 유기화합물을 XPS 검출한계 이하로 제거하였다. 건식세정 후 평균 표면조도(RMS)가 2.93Å의 평탄한 표면을 확인하였고, 물리, 화학적 변화가 없는 세정이 가능하였다. Removal of photo-resist(PR) with the thickness of about 7,000Å on Si wafer was carried out by dry cleaning with using remote oxygen and hydrogen plasmas. During the removal process, the changes of surface and gas composition were monitored by real-time mass spectroscopy and in-situ XPS. Effect of process parameters such as surface temperature, flow rate, plasma power and exposure time has been investigated. The results showed that decomposition rate of PR was accelerated upto 4,500Å/min by the minimum process condition(130℃, 10sccm, 100W and 180 sec). Oxygen plasma effectively oxidized the PR into gaseous volatile compounds. However, oxygen radicals caused the growth of oxide layer. Therefore, two step process is proposed. Oxygen plasma ashing upto thin PR layer remained is followed by a subsequent cleaning with hydrogen plasma. The two step process removed carbon contaminants below the XPS detection limit, and substantially flat surface with mean surface roughness of 2.93Å.