Bernard Malamud 소설에 나타난 실존성과 새 삶의 추구 - A New Life를 중심으로 -

백남해 ( Nam Hae Paek ) 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.2

This dissertation aims to assess the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life by studying Malamud’s major novel. Especially because this study deals on human’s basic and common existential problems, this will open a new horizon of Malamud’s work and establish his achievements. Since his literary achievements are rooted in the Jewish heritage and American tradition, Malamud’s intellectual sources and the basis of his moral view are traced in the Introduction. In chapter II the existential inclination in Malamud’s novel is discussed. First of all, thinking that Malamud was influenced by existential philosophy, I traced the existential inclination in this chapter. In his works Malamud deals with the theme of suffering. He regards it as optimistic because learning love through suffering is the way to be moral. Suffering becomes Malamud’s main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads his heroes to quest of selves. I surveyed how the hero keep his ethical attitudes right and change his passive lives into active ones. Especially, I emphasized to examine the change of real existential body of hero. In chapter Ⅲ the hero’ pursuits of a new life are discussed. A New Life suggests the social satire and the pursuit of a new life. Although the selfing of A New Life is not Yiddish, Levin is portrayed as an image of a traditional schlemiel. He is a comic buffoon destined to be a material failure but a moral success. Like other Malamud’s heroes, Levin is a modified modem antihero as the image of success in failure and failure in success. In conclusion, the author assesses the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life of Malamud’s novel. His moral earnestness toward humanity is consistent throughout. His central concerns such as myth, suffering, Jew love, schlemiel, and a new life are all related to his humanistic morality. The Jew is a metaphor of the good man struggling for a meaningful existence even though he is faced with the various dehumanized pressures of this world. He extensively reveals the dignity of the human spirit searching for existential inclination and moral growth in the face of hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life in our troubled time. This is the reason why I regard him as existential humanist or real moralistic writer.

Bernard Malamud 소설에 나타난 고통을 통한 정신적 성숙 - A New Life를 중심으로 -

백남해 ( Paek¸ Nam-hae ) 현대영미어문학회 1995 현대영미어문학 Vol.13 No.-

Bernard Malamud worte many short stories and novels. Most of his novels deal with human freedom and humanity through the characters sesf —knowledge after their suffering. When facing and accepting suffering, most of his characters realize suffering as the nature of human conditions, on account of the suffering they have experienced, and thereby, they understand the true meaning of life. Malamud is a pursuer of a better life through past suffering. He emphasizes the altruism that we should scrifice ourselves for others. Malamud’s novels are basically the stories of the pursuit of a new life through suffering, self— knowledge, and moral rebirth. This paper studies to show Levin has successed in being mental maturity through suffering on the basis of Malamud’s philosophy—the beauty of the human spirit, the great power of love, and the transcendent potential of meaningful suffering. In A New Life, Seymour Levin arrives at Easchester to seek “a new life” and to take up teaching duties. But Levin doesn’t achieve his ambition because of physical desire with Pauline, Nadaelee, and other women. Then he was confronted by moral dilemma. Levin’s personal crisis of humanism seems ended in the novel ends, in startling reversal Levin offers to marry a woman he no longer loves and to adopt her whining children Finally, Levin tries to seek for self—realization. Levin is morally not a failure but a winner. In conclusion, We will have to restore our humanity by bearing in our mind the messages of Bernard Malamud's novels - - accepting and enduring the suffering in life, acquring morality, and Keeping civilization from destroying itself. That is our immediate task. In this world where humanism has been lost, Malamud devoted all his life to changing “you and me” into “us” which is our original self. In this sense, Malamud can be a great teacher and moralist of our time and his works can be highly valued.

Bernard Malamud 소설에 나타난 실존성과 새 삶의 추구 : The Assistant를 중심으로 Centering on The Assistant

백남해 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1997 현대영미어문학 Vol.15 No.2

The Existential Inclination and the Pursuit of a New Life in Bernard Malamud's Novels : Centering on The Assistant This dissertation aims to assess the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life by studying Malamud's novels. Especially because this study deals on human's basic and common existential problems, this will open a new horizon of Malamud's works and establish his achievements. Since his literary achievements are rooted in the Jewish heritage and American tradition, Malamud's intellectual sources and the basis of his moral view are traced in the Introduction. In chapter II the existential inclination in Malamud's novels are discussed. First of all, thinking that Malamud was influenced by existential philosophy, I traced the existential inclination in this chapter. His works are grounded on morals and ethics and his heroes are Jews or schlemiels. As Malamud said, "All men are Jews". Jew is a metaphor for a good man struggling against the inhumane oppression, injustice and dishonesty. In his works Malamud deals with the theme of suffering. He regards it as optimistic because learning love through suffering is the way to be moral. Suffering becomes Malamud's main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads his heroes to quest of selves. I surveyed how the heroes keep their ethical attitudes right and change their passive lives into active ones. Especially, I emphasized to examine the change of real existential body of heroes. In chapter III the heroes' pursuits of a new life are discussed. The Assistant has two motifs ; one is the moral growth and self-realization through suffering, and the other is the pursuit of American dream. Frank is portrayed as a schlemiel. Like Malamud's other heroes he is born to suffering, conditioned by it, and ultimately find the meaning of their lives. At last he carries the burden of supporting Helen and Ida. In conclusion, the author assesses the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life of Malamud's novels. His moral earnestness toward humanity is consistent throughout. His central concerns such as myth, suffering, Jew love, schlemiel, and a new life are all related to his humanistic morality. The Jew is a metaphor of the good man struggling for a meaningful existence even though he is faced with the various dehumanized pressures of this world. He extensively reveals the dignity of the human spirit searching for existential inclination and moral growth in the face of hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life in our troubled time. This is the reason why I regard him as existential humanist or real moralistic writer.

버나드 맬러무드 소설에 나타난 실존성과 새 삶의 추구 : The Fixer를 중심으로

백남해 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.17 No.1

This dissertation aims to assess the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life by studying Malamud's major novels. Especially because this study deals on human's basic and common existential problems, this will open a new horizon of Malamud's works and establish his achievements. Since his literary achievements are rooted in the Jewish heritage and American tradition, Malamud's intellectual sources and the basis of his moral view are traced in the Intoduction. In chapter Ⅱ the existential inclination in Malamud's novels are discussed. First of all, thinking that Malamud was influenced by existential philosophy, I traced the existential inclination in this chapter. His works are grounded on morals and ethics and his heroes are Jews or schlemiels. As Malamud said, "All men are Jews". Jew is a metaphor for a good man struggling against the inhumane oppression, injustice and dishonesty. In his works Malamud deals with the theme of suffering. He regards it as optimistic because learning love through suffering is the way to be moral. Suffering becomes Malamud's main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads his heroes to quest of selves. I surveyed how the heroes keep their ethical attitudes right and change their passive lives into active ones. Especially, I emphasized to examine the change of real existential body of heroes. In chapter In the hero pursuits of a new life are discussed. The Fixer is certainly the most ambitious novel, though not his most successful novel. Malamud attempts to comprehend in this story of Yakov Bok a full spectrum of man, his philosophy, politics, economy, theology, etc. The story shows how he has the sympathy for the oppressed people and fight in the causes of justice and humanity against inhuman devastation and, therefore, how he achieves the realization of self through his bitter suffering. In conclusion, the author assesses the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life of Malamud's novels. His moral earnestness toward humanity is consistent throughout. His central concerns such as myth, suffering, Jew love, schlemiel, and a new life are all related to his humanistic morality. The Jew is a metaphor of the good man struggling for a meaningful existence even though he is faced with the various dehumanized pressures of this world. He extensively reveals the dignity of the human spirit searching for existential inclination and moral growth in the face of hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life in our troubled time. This is the reason why I regard him as existential humanist or real moralistic writer.

『두빈의 이중생활』(Dubin's Lives)에 나타난 실존성

백남해 현대영미어문학회 2000 현대영미어문학 Vol.18 No.2

This dissertation aims to assess the existential inclination by studying Malamud's major novel. Especially because this study deals on human's basic and common existential problems, this will open a new horizon of Malamud;s works and establish his achievements. Since his literary achievements are rooted in the Jewish heritage and American tradition, Malamud's intellectual sources and the basis of his moral view are traced in the Introduction. In chapter Ⅱ the existential inclination in Malamud's novel is discussed. First of all, thinking that Malamud was influenced by existential philosophy, I traced the existential inclination in this chapter. His work is grounded on morals and ethics and his heroes are Jews or schlemiels. As Malamud said, "All men are Jews". Jew is a metaphor for a good man struggling against the inhumane oppression, injustice and dishonesty. In his work Malamud deals with the theme of suffering . He regards it as optimistic because learning love through suffering is the way to be moral. Suffering becomes Malamud's main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads his heroes to quest of selves. I surveyed how the heroes keep their ethical attitudes right and change their passive lives into active ones. Especially, I emphasized to examine the change of real existential body of heroes. Dubin's Lives is an ambitious novel about various themes such as love, marriage, nature, old age. The themes of the novel are many and complex but central is the desire for a new life. Related to his search for a new life is conflict between life and work. In struggling to come to terms with Lawrence, Dubin endeavors to understand himself. Dubin's Lives is a parable of the author's agonizing search for the realization of the self His moral earnestness toward humanity is consistent throughout. His central concerns such as myth, suffering, Jew love, schlemiel, and a new life are all related to his humanistic morality. The Jew is a metaphor of the good man struggling for a meaningful existence even though he is faced with the various dehumanized pressures of this world. He extensively reveals the dignity of the human spirit searching for existential inclination and moral growth in the face of hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life in our troubled time. This is the reason why I regard him as existential humanist or real moralistic writer.

Bernard Malamud 소설에 나타난 실존성과 새 삶의 추구 : A New Life를 중심으로 Centering on A New Life

백남해 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.2

This dissertation aims to assess the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life by studying Malamud's major novel. Especially because this study deals on human's basic and common existential problems, this will open a new horizon of Malamud's work and establish his achievements. Since his literary achievements are rooted in tile Jewish heritage and American tradition, Malamud's intellectual sources and tile basis of his moral view are traced in the Introduction. In chapter Ⅱ the existential inclination in Malamud's novel is discussed. First of all, thinking that Malamud was influenced by existential philosophy, I traced the existential inclination in this chapter. In his works Malamud deals with the theme of suffering. He regards it as optimistic because learning love through suffering is the way to be moral. Suffering becomes Malamud's main concern. The hardship from suffering and love by trial leads his heroes to quest of selves. I surveyed how the hero keep his ethical attitudes right and change his passive lives into active ones. Especially, I emphasized to examine the change of real existential body of hero. In chapter Ⅲ the hero' pursuits of a new life are discussed. A New Life suggests the social satire and the pursuit of a new life. Although the selfing of A New Life is not Yiddish, Levin is portrayed as an image of a traditional schlemiel. He is a comic buffoon destined to be a material failure but a moral success. Like other Malamud's heroes. Levin is a modified modern antihero as the image of success in failure and failure in success. In conclusion, the author assesses the existential inclination and the pursuit of a new life of Malamud's novel. His moral earnestness toward humanity is consistent throughout. His central concerns such as myth, suffering, Jew love, schlemiel, and a new life are all related to his humanistic morality. The Jew is a metaphor of the good man struggling for a meaningful existence even though he is faced with the various dehumanized pressures of this world. He extensively reveals the dignity of the human spirit searching for existential inclination and moral growth in the face of hardship, injustice, and the existential anguish of life in our troubled time. This is the reason why I regard him as existential humanist or real moralistic writer.