http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
박호건,안기명 한국해운물류학회 2002 해운물류:이론과실천 Vol.- No.3
정기선 해상운송과 관련 운임 결정에 있어서 경제 이론적, 경영 과학적 접근방법과 카르텔 형태인 해운동맹 등을 통하여 인위적이고 물리적인 방법 하에 적정운임 결정을 도출하려는 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 현대조선 기술의 발달과 단위당 비용 절감을 통해 규모의 경제를 실현하고져 계속되는 초대형 컨테이너 선박의 건조는 제한된 정기선 시장에 만성적인 선복 공급 과잉이 되어 극심한 경쟁으로 기존 운임시장이 교란되어 원가이하의 운임 수입으로 해운기업들의 통폐합 또는 존폐문제로 귀결되고 있으며, 더욱이 정기선 시장의 불안정과 운임의 극심한 편차는 궁극적으로 안정된 국제 상품 교역에 위해 요소로 작용하고 있는바 이와 관련 정기선 시장의 운임에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증 분석하여 그 대책과 방안을 제시하여 정기선 시장의 질서 유지와 운임 안정화를 도모하는데 연구목적을 두고져한다. The global liner shipping markets have changed significantly since year 1990 especially in containerized liner freights. The number of liner containers has increased steadily to about 6-12 percent every year and KMI forecasted global container movements in year 2002 as 248 million TEU showing 142% up on 103 million TEU in year 1992. As well, the number of container vessels and its loading capacity have increased drastically for the purpose of contributing to the increase in worldwide demand for liner freights and the existence of economies of vessel size. KMI reported that the global loading capacity of container fleets will be estimated as 5.5 million TEU showing 150% up on 2.2 million TEU in year 1992 and the size of vessel to be ordered by global carriers become bigger and larger to Post/Super panamax model of 6,000-8,000 TEU capacity as fifth to seventh generation type. Ultimately, the trend to more and larger ships has been accompanied by strong growth in available liner capacity. Most of trade routes have been oversupplied with ship slots and reported that the surplus ratio of ship's slots will be around 24.5% in year 2002 and further estimated excess capacity of 30-40% in the Trans- pacific and the Europe trade. Eventually, such excess capacity in liner shipping is a result of increased competition among the carriers, in which appears to have led to a quest for lower freight rates and lower costs. In turn the liner market has been extremely unstabilized by intense and unfair competition each other and the profitability of liner carries become poor and lower and such low profits may be a force driving toward strategies involving alliances, mergers and building bigger ships in an effort to capture economics of scale and scope. To make it worse, some of carriers having financial difficulties have finally gone to the bankruptcy. Accordingly, the primary objective of this thesis is to explain the determinant of the freight rates theoretically and practically and to find out how to take an appropriate measures to be stabilized for liner markets and liner freight rates through the introduction of institutional and systematical approaches to the liner shipping industry.