한국산 마늘에 의한 Aspergillus parasiticus의 성장 억제 효과

박정영,김종규,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Jong-Gyu 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the possible effect of garlic produced in Korea on the inhibition/reduction of growth of A. parasiticus, a toxigenic strain. The effect was studied using different concentrations of freeze-dried garlic in potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and/or in yeast-extract sucrose (YES) broth at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 days. While inhibition of the fungal growth due to increasing the concentration of garlic was observed, the more remarkable effect was observed on the ninth day. Reduction of fungal diameter as a result of addition of garlic on PDA was observed to range between 3.4% to 20.1 % while reduction of mycelial weight in YES broth ranged from 9.9% to 30.5%. The 0.5% and 1.0% concentrations of garlic significantly reduced fungal diameter in PDA on the 9th day, while 0.1 %, 0.5%, and 1.0% concentrations of garlic significantly reduced the mycelial weight in YES broth (p<0.05). Dose-response relationships were observed between the concentration of garlic and inhibition of growth both in solid culture and in liquid culture. This study indicates that garlic could be an effective inhibitor at a human consumption level of the growth of A. parasiticus. More research is needed to study the inhibitory effects of the main active component of garlic.

조리종사자의 손 씻기 의식과 실천 및 손의 지표미생물 오염도에 관한 연구

박정영,김중순,김종규,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon,Kim, Jong-Gyu 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Hand-washing is one of the major factors in personal hygiene and public health. This study was undertaken to investigate the hygienic behavior of food-service employees, focusing on awareness of hand washing, hand washing practices, and the load of index microorganisms (aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the hands of food-service employees. A questionnaire survey completed by direct interview, direct observation of restrooms by the researcher and trained observers, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea were carried out. In the survey, a positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food-service employees were seen under direct observation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observations in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agents, use of hand washing tools, washing of different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from employees' hands before washing showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken during work and/or after washing (p<0.05). Poor hand washing practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on the hands of some food-service employees. This study showed that there is a marked difference between the food-service employees' awareness of hand-washing and their actual hand-washing practices. The poor hand hygiene of and improper hand washing by the food-service employees should be addressed for improved food safety.

경기육괴 서부 덕적도와 소야도에 기록된 구조역전 : 한반도의 중생대 조산윤회에 대한 이해

박정영(Jeong-Yeong Park),박승익(Seung-Ik Park) 대한지질학회 2019 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

산 증식형 포토레지스트 Poly[(4-methacryloyloxy-4`-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane)-co-(tert-butyl metacrylate)]의 합성 및 특성 연구

박정영 ( Jeong Yeong Park ),이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ),홍성수 ( Seong Soo Hong ),임권택 ( Kwon Taek Lim ),정용석 ( Yong Suk Jeong ),정연태 ( Yeon Tae Jeong ) 한국화상학회 2002 한국화상학회지 Vol.8 No.1

황산 발생제와 산에 민감한 고분자로 구성된 화학 중폭형 포토레지스트에 산 증식제를 첨가하면 산 증식제의 분해에 의한 산 촉매 분자의 중폭 현상 때문에 감도가 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있다. 우리는 photoresist 조성 공정을 간소화하고 광감도를 증가시키기 위해 tert-butyl methacrylaty와 4-methacryloyloxy-4-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclo-hexane을 공중합하여 고분자형·증식제에 기초한 positive working photoresist로써 poly(MTID_10-co-tBMA_90)를 개발했다. 이런 고분자형 산 증식제는 레지온도에 대하여 충분한 열적 안정성을 나타냈다. Poly(MTID_10-co-tBMA_90)는 이런 고분자의 곁사슬에 있는 산 증폭 기능을 하는 용기의 분해 결과로서 산 촉매 분자가 증폭되므로 광감도가 증진된다. Poly(MTID_10-co-tBMA_90)는 tBMA homopolymer에 비이상의 광감도 증진 효과를 나타내었다. The addition of the acid amplifier to a chemically amplified photoresist consisting of photoacid generator and acid-sensitive polymer results in the improvement of photosensitivity due to the amplified generation of catalytic acid molecules as a result of the decomposition of acid amplifiers. We developed a copolymer, poly(mtid_10-co-tBMA_90) , of tert-butyl methacrylate and 4-methanyloyloxy-4-tosyloxy isopropylidene dicyclohexane as a positive working photoresist based in polymeric acid amplifier in order to enhance photosensitivity and simplify the process of formulating photoresist. Poly(MTID_10-co-tBMA_90) had an improvement of photosensitivity due to the amplified generation catalytic acid molecules as a result of decomposition of the acid amplifying functional group in the side chain of this polymer. This polymeric acid amplifiers showed reasonable thermal stability for resist processing temperature. The poly(NTID_10-co-tBMA_90) exhibited 2X higher photosensitivity compared with tBMA homopolymer(PtBMA).

일부 음식점 주방의 부유세균 및 부유진균 조사연구

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine airborne bioaerosols such as bacteria and fungi in the kitchens of restaurants, and to assess the effects of thermal factors on the levels of the bioaerosols. Methods: Air samples were taken from kitchens of nine restaurants. An Anderson type air sampler was used for sampling and measurements. Petri dishes filled with a microbiological culture medium (trypticase soy agar for bacteria and Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi) were used as the sampling surface. Results: The levels of bacterial aerosol measured were $10-10^3CFU/m^3$ and fungal aerosol $10-10^2CFU/m^3$, respectively The mean values of air temperature and relative humidity in the kitchens were $24.6^{\circ}C$ and 46.4%, respectively. Overall, the levels of bacterial aerosol varied by the restaurant type, and fungal aerosol by the business period (p < 0.05). The main effect of air temperature and interaction effect of air temperature and relative humidity onto the bacterial level were significant (p < 0.05), whereas the effects were not significant onto the fungal level. Conclusions: The results indicate a wide variation in the levels of bioaerosols among different kitchens. The observed differences in bioaerosol levels in the kitchens reflect different periods of use. The interactions of air temperature and relative humidity onto the bacterial level suggest that constant attention should be paid to avoid peaks of contamination during the summer season.

맨손과 장갑 낀 손의 미생물 오염도 비교

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Objectives: There has been a great amount of controversy in the food industry over the effectiveness of using gloves. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbial contamination of food handlers' hands and determine if using gloves could ensure safe handling of foods. Methods: Samples were collected through the glove-juice method from the bare and gloved hands of food handlers at work and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological testing was conducted according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Microbial contamination was consistently higher with bare hands than with gloved hands, although the microbial loads on both hands increased over time. Under certain conditions, there were significant differences between the bacterial loads on bare and on gloved hands (p<0.05). E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. were still alive on both bare and gloved hands at the time the food handlers finished their work. Conclusions: Wearing gloves was associated with a marked reduction of bacterial contamination of the hands. However, the practice of continuously wearing gloves during food handling increases the potential for cross-contamination of bacteria. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a rational use of gloves, and strict adherence to hand hygiene compliance among food handlers.

계란의 저장·보관 조건에 따른 위생적 품질 변화

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.6

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effects of storage time and temperature and their interaction on the hygienic quality parameters of shell eggs. Methods: Eggs from 40-week-old Hy-Line Brown hens were sampled immediately after being laid and subjected to storage periods of four weeks at a refrigerated temperature ($4-5^{\circ}C$) or room temperature ($13.0-19.7^{\circ}C$). Interior/exterior qualities were examined every one week. Results: Weight loss was 2.4-3.1%. The initial specific gravity of the eggs was maintained until one week at both temperatures. Air cell size exceeded 4 mm when stored for one week at room temperature, and two weeks at refrigerated temperature. Albumen index and Haugh unit were significantly decreased at both temperatures after one week (p<0.001). Rapidly increased pH of the albumen with one week of storage was observed, regardless of temperature (p<0.001). Extension of the storage for up to four weeks at room temperature resulted in remarkable deterioration of eggshell quality and instrumental color as redness (a). Air cell size, albumen and yolk indices, Haugh unit, pH of albumen and yolk were found to be influenced by storage time and temperature (p<0.001). Interaction effects between storage time and temperature were also significant for air cell size, pH of albumen and yolk (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that air cell size and pH of albumen and yolk were important parameters influenced by storage time and temperature in shell eggs. Storage time was more influential for air cell size, and temperature for the pH of yolk. Both variables almost equally influenced the pH of albumen.

외식업소 종사자의 손 위생관리에 관한 연구

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2013 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed in order to investigate hand hygiene practices among food-service businesses employees based on the awareness of hand-washing and load of indicator bacteria on their hands. It focused on the comparison of full-time and part-time workers in food-service workplaces. Methods: A direct-interview questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out with sixty workers each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through a modified glove-juice method from the hands of the food-service workers and were analyzed for aerobic plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological analysis was done according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the survey between the full-time and part-time workers in hand-washing frequency, use of hand-washing agents, and hand-drying methods. More full-time workers responded to washing their hands after preparing food, after visiting outside, after handling raw materials, and before putting on gloves/when changing gloves than did part-time workers (p<0.05). No remarkable difference was found in bacterial load on the hands except in the aerobic plate count between the two groups. The detection of E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some food-service workers in both groups revealed poor hand hygiene practices. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that there is a need for training programs in order to improve hand hygiene practices and strict hand hygiene compliance by food-service workers.

일반인과 식품취급자의 손 위생관리에 관한 비교

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate hygienic behavior of food handlers and general population focusing on awareness of hand-washing and the microbial load of their hands. Methods: A questionnaire survey and microbiological analysis were carried out for sixty-four people each. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected through the glove-juice method from the hands, and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: In the survey, significant differences between the food handlers and general population (p < 0.01) were found in hand-washing frequency, duration, use of hand-washing agents, washing parts of hands, hand-drying method, and method of turning off water. In eight different situations among the ten particular situations in their daily life, more food handlers responded to wash their hands than general population (p < 0.05). Bacterial load on hands with general population was consistently higher than with food handlers (p < 0.05), however, percentages of positive hands of S. aureus and Salmonella spp. were not. Conclusions: Poor hand hygiene practices were indicated by the positive results for E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. on the hands of some respondents in both groups. This study reveals that there is the need for programs or campaigns to increase hand-washing practices of both groups.

휴게음식점 주방의 환경위생상태에 관한 조사연구 - 계절별 변화를 중심으로 -

김종규,박정영,김중순,Kim, Jong-Gyu,Park, Jeong-Yeong,Kim, Joong-Soon 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the sanitary conditions in the kitchens of food court/cafeterias and determine seasonal variations. Methods: We measured environmental factors (air temperature, relative humidity, illumination intensity, noise level), and dropping airborne microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the kitchens of eight food court/cafeterias in four seasons (January, April, July, and October). Air temperature and relative humidity were measured with in/out thermo-hygrometers at 1.2-1.5 m above floor level. Illuminance measurement was performed through the multiple point method of Korean Standards (KS). Noise level was measured by the standard methods for the examination of environmental pollution (noise and vibration) of Korea. The estimation of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi was performed through use of Koch's method. Results: The highest kitchen air temperature was in July, and the lowest in January. The average temperature surpassed $21^{\circ}C$ throughout the seasons, suggesting a higher temperature than required for the safe handling of food. Humidity in all the kitchens was measured in the range of 50-60%. Half of the kitchens showed illumination intensities below 300 Lux in April. It was found that the sound pressure level of noise in almost all of the kitchens was higher than 85 dB (A). The highest levels of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi were noted in July. The numbers of airborne bacteria were higher than those of fungi. The levels of dropping airborne bacteria and fungi were affected by air temperature, relative humidity, season, and place. Conclusions: This study indicates that the kitchen environments were unqualified to supply safe food. The hygiene level of the kitchens should be improved.