미국 벼 품종의 입형과 호화점도 및 식감 관련 형질 특성 분석

박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),이창민(Chang-Min Lee),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),안주현(Ju Hyeon An),서정환(Jeonghwan Seo),홍하철(Ha-Cheol Hong),정오영(O-Young Jeong),박현수(Hyun-Su Park) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.2

Temperate japonica is used as the parent for crossing in the breeding of new rice cultivars in Korea, and the grain shape of the developed lines or cultivars is a semi-round and medium-short grain length. To overcome the current low quantity of japonica cultivar germplasm and deterioration in quality caused by climate change, it is necessary to diversify the grain characteristics of japonica. Most of the United States (US) cultivars are classified as medium, long, extra-long, and half spindle- and spindle-shaped grains. The qSW5 allelotype, a major gene involved in grain width, is found in all US cultivars. In addition, the US cultivar ‘Saber’ has both qgl3 and GS3_B alleles, which have low allele frequencies among Korean rice cultivars, and ‘A020’ had gw8, an allele with a reduced grain width. The pasting properties and texture of medium-grain length and half-spindle-shaped cultivars were relatively similar to those of the Korean rice cultivar, but different from those of long-grain and long spindle-shaped cultivars. Therefore, grain shape is associated with pasting properties and texture traits. Among the rice cultivars in the US, tropical japonica belongs to the same japonica as the Korean rice cultivar; however, its grain shape is similar to that of indica. As grain shape is also related to grain quality, US cultivars can be used as a useful genetic resource for diversifying the grain characteristics of Korean japonica cultivars and breeding new cultivars.

단백질 함량 증가 고품질 특수미 ‘드리미5호’ 육성

박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),장윤희(Yoon-Hee Jang),이강섭(Gang-Seob Lee),김경민(Kyung-Min Kim) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Rice is a staple food in most countries, and thus, diversifying its value is necessary. Recently, the focus on good health has increased, and rice cultivars with improved properties should be bred based on consumer demands. At the Plant Molecular Breeding Laboratory of Kyungpook National University, “Hwayeong” was tissue-cultured to derive mutant populations. In the mutant lines, “P35” with high protein content and excellent agricultural traits, was backcrossed with “Ilmi” three times, and the final selected line was called “Drimi5ho.” The heading date of “Drimi5ho” was August 11 (107 d after sowing), which was 5 d later than that of “Ilmi” (August 5, 101 d after sowing). The culm length of “Drimi5ho” was 71 cm, the panicle length was 18 cm, the number of panicles per hill was 13, the number of spikelets per panicle was 113, the ratio of ripened grain was 90.5%, and the 1,000-grain weight was 22.6 g. When “Drimi5ho” was planted ordinary plantation, the yield in the southern mountainous area was 526 kg/10a. Lodging was not observed when “Drimi5ho” was grown in the field with standard fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O = 9-4.5-5.7 kg/10a). This rice cultivar was resistant to leaf/neck blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3), rice stripe virus, rice black-streaked dwarf virus, and rice dwarf virus. The milled grain of “Drimi5ho” was clear and transparent without any chalkiness; moreover, the grain shape was round and short. Although it is a specialty rice with increased protein content, the taste of the rice and the grain quality were excellent (Registration No. 6829).

습식 나노화 공정기술 적용 식물 영양제를 살포한 사과의 칼슘과 마그네슘 이동 및 흡수율 비교

박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),이승현(Seung Hyun Lee),정일경(Il Kyung Chung),김경민(Kyung-Min Kim) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.7

본 연구에서는 습식 나노화 공정 기술을 적용하여 제조한 식물영양제를 이용하여 사과 잎에 흡수되는 칼슘과 마그네슘의 이동 경로 및 흡수율을 비교 분석하였다. 습식 나노화 공정을 통해 불용성 칼슘과 마그네슘을 나노화 처리한 식물영양제의 성분 함량 및 이동경로를 확인하기 위하여 식물 영양제 살포 후 2주, 4주 및 8주 경과 후 잎자루, 잎몸, 옆면으로 구분하여 SEM, EDS 촬영을 통해 분석하였다. 잎자루는 식물 영양제 살포 후 4주차부터 증가하여 8주차에서는 1,115%까지 증가했으며, 사과 잎몸의 경우 2주차의 미살포구에 비해 살포 후 칼슘과 마그네슘의 함량이 감소하였으나, 4주 이후부터는 증가하였으며, 4주차의 뒷면 증가율이 539%로 가장 높았다. 또한, 잎몸의 옆면은 미살포구에 비해 살포구 모두 칼슘과 마그네슘 함량이 증가하였는데 특히, 4주차에 673% 증가하여 가장 높은 증가율을 보였다. 시간이 경과함에 따라 모든 살포구가 미살포구에 비해 칼슘, 마그네슘 함량이 점점 증가하여 나노화 식물영양제의 불용성 칼슘과 마그네슘 성분이 사과의 잎자루에서 잎몸까지 이동한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 보았을 때 습식 나노 공정 기술을 통해 제조된 식물영양제를 활용하면 사과 이외의 다른 작물 에서도 칼슘과 마그네슘 흡수 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 또한, 식물영양제 이외에도 천연물이나 바이오산업에도 나노 공정 기술의 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In this study, the migration route and the absorption rate of calcium and magnesium in apple leaves were compared and analyzed using plant nutrients prepared by wet nano-grinding technology. The plant nutrients were sprayed onto the leaves to confirm the component content and the movement route of the nanoized calcium and magnesium. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks after the plant nutrient treatment, the apple leaves were divided into petiole, lamina, and side, and SEM and EDS were used to measure the calcium and magnesium contents. The calcium and magnesium contents of the petiole increased from the 4th week after plant nutrient application to 1,115% at the 8th week. The calcium and magnesium contents of the lamina decreased after spraying but increased after 4 weeks. The calcium and magnesium contents increased in the side of the leaves compared to the control, reaching 673% after 4 weeks. The calcium and magnesium contents increased with increasing duration in all plots when compared with the control unsprayed leaves, suggesting that the usually poorly soluble calcium and magnesium were transferred from the petioles to the lamina. The results of this study indicate that improved calcium and magnesium absorption could be obtained in crops other than apples using plant nutrients produced through wet nano-processing technology. This technology is also expected to be applicable to natural products and bioindustries.

포장 특성이 우수한 고품질 복합내병충성 벼 품종 ‘드리미3호’ 육성

장윤희(Yoon-Hee Jang),박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),손재근(Jae-Keun Sohn),이강섭(Gang-Seob Lee),김경민(Kyung-Min Kim) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.4

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, but brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens stal) causes a significant loss of rice yield. Due to climate change, different races of rice-damaging species are evolving at an accelerated pace, thus, creating a need to breed multi-resistant rice cultivars for a stable food supply. In 2001, “Samgang” and “Nagdong” were crossed at the Plant Molecular Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu Korea. “Drimi3ho” is a resistant and high-quality rice cultivar that was bred by backcrossing a line having excellent agronomic traits with “Ilmi.” The heading date of “Drimi3ho” was August 12 (104 d after sowing), and it was a medium-maturing cultivar that matured 3 d earlier than “Ilmi” (August 15, 107 d after sowing). Its culm length was 81 cm, panicle length was 18 cm, panicle number per hill was 16, spikelet number per panicle was 113, ripened grain ratio was 93.2%, and 1,000-grain weight was 24.3 g. “Drimi3ho” was highly resistant to blast disease and bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3), rice stripe virus, rice dwarf virus, rice black-streaked dwarf virus, and BPH. When “Drimi3ho” was milled, the milled grain was clear and transparent; moreover, the grains were semi-round and short-type. Moreover, “Drimi3ho” had lower protein and amylose content and tasted better than “Ilmi.” When “Drimi3ho” was grown on an ordinary plantation in the southern mountainous area, the yield was 563 kg/10a (Registration No. 5621).

병에 강하고 수량성이 높은 중만생 흑미 품종 ‘제이제이603블랙’

박현수(Hyun-Su Park),이창민(Chang-Min Lee),서정환(Jeonghwan Seo),박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),백만기(Man-Kee Baek),정오영(O-Yeong Jeong) 한국육종학회 2022 한국육종학회지 Vol.54 No.4

“JJ603Balck” is a mid-late maturing high-yielding black rice having multiple-disease resistance. It was developed to increase the yield and disease resistance of Korean black rice. “JJ603Black” was derived from a cross between “Heughyang” and BC2F1 plants (Hopum*3/SR30075-1-12-6-1-1-1). “Heughyang” is a mid-late black rice with a short culm, while “Hopum” is a mid-late maturing rice cultivar with high yields and premium quality, and “SR30075” is a pyramid line carrying three bacterial blight resistance genes. “JJ603Black” was selected through the pedigree method, yield trials, and local adaptability tests, with a high selection pressure for black pericarp, resistance to bacterial blight K3a race, and high yield performance. The heading date of “JJ603Black” was August 19, 8 d later than that of “Heugnam,” which is the standard cultivar for black rice. “JJ603Black” is a cultivar tolerant to lodging with erect plant architecture. It showed multiple-disease resistance against bacterial blight and rice stripe virus owing to introgression resistance genes, Xa3+Xa21+Stvb-I; moreover, its yielding performance was high. The average brown rice yield of “JJ603Black” from 2016 to 2018 was 6.02 MT/ha, which was 14% more than that of “Heugnam” (5.30 metric/ha). Further, the anthocyanin content of “JJ603Black” (58 mg/100 g) was higher than that of “Heugnam” (51 mg/100 g). Therefore, “JJ603Black,” a high-yielding black rice cultivar with multiple-disease resistance, can be utilized for enhancing the disease resistance and yield of Korean black rice (Registration No. 7274).

QTL Analysis of Rice Heading-related Genes Using Cheongcheong/Nagdong Doubled Haploid Genetic Map

Yoon-Hee Jang(장윤희),Jae-Ryoung Park(박재령),Kyung-Min Kim(김경민) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.10

본 연구는 지구온난화와 태풍에 의해 수확기의 손실을 막기 위해 벼의 출수기를 당기는 유전자를 찾는 것을 목표로 한다. 청청/낙동 배가반수체(CNDH)와 모본인 청청, 부본인 낙동을 재료로 사용하여 QTL을 이용해 출수기 관련 유전자의 위치를 조사하고 gene을 cloning하여 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분석결과 염색체 8번에 13개의 contig가 있었고 그 중 출수기와 관련된 1개의 ORF가 존재했다. 단백질 서열을 분석한 결과 벼의 Os08g0341700, 그리고 AtSFH13, AtSFH7 단백질과 유사한 것으로 보인다. 신호전달과 관계가 있는 Os08g0341700은 phosphatidylinositol transfer-like protein II와 유사하며 아직 완전한 information은 밝혀지지 않았다. 하지만 Sec14P와 연관이 있으며 세포 생장 등에 관여하는 phosphatidylinositol 특이적 신호전달 경로의 역할을 할 것으로 추정 중이다. Disaster-related extreme weather is rapidly increasing due to climate change. In Korea, typhoons accompanied by rainfall usually approach in August and September, causing great damage. The purpose of this study is to find a gene that regulates the heading date of rice in order to avoid loss of harvest from climate change and typhoons. Cheongcheong/Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) was used as the plant material to investigate the location of heading-related genes using QTL and sequence analysis by cloning the gene. In the distribution chart, the heading dates, culm lengths, panicle lengths, numbers of panicles, and 1,000-grain weights all have normal distributions. QTL analysis found 13 contigs on chromosome 8. One QTL, named qHd8, was detected on chromosome 8. The range at qHd8 was approximately 7.7 cM, with RM72 and RM404 markers near the peak. There were 13 contigs and 1 ORF. Protein sequence analysis showed that rice was similar to Os08g0341700, AtSFH13, and AtSFH7 proteins. Os08g0341700, which is involved in signal transduction, is similar to phosphatidylinositol transfer-like protein II, and complete information is not available, but it is believed to play a role in the phosphatidylinositol-specific signaling pathway related to Sec14P.

A Comparison Between the Agricultural Traits of GM and Non-GM Rice in Drought Stress and Non-stress Conditions

Nafula Racheal(나플라 레이칠),Jae-Ryoung Park(박재령),Dong Won Jeon(전동원),Kyung-Min Kim(김경민) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.5

GM 작물의 개발은 경제적 중요성을 갖게 되었고 상업적인 GM 작물을 재배하는 국가들은 1960년대 이후 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 비록 GM 작물의 경작과 상업화는 경제적 중요성을 얻었지만, 여전히 non-GM 작물에 비해 그들의 농업적 특성을 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 유전공학에서 사용된 방법의 결과로 발생할 수 있는 의도하지 않은 문제 발생 여부를 확인하기 위해 내건성 유전자 CaMsrB2를 포함한 GM 쌀과 non-GM 쌀의 농업적 특성을 내건성 온실과 관개수답에서 평가했다. 관개수답에서는 GM벼와 non-GM벼의 모든 농업형질에서 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 내건성온실에서 수수와 수량에서 GM벼와 non-GM벼에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 CaMsrB2 유전자를 함유한 GM벼가 내건성 조건에서 non-GM 쌀에 비해 경제적 가치가 우수하다는 것을 시사한다. 이 결과는 또한 CaMsrB2 유전자를 함유한 GM 벼는 가뭄에 취약한 지역에서 안정적으로 수량을 유지 하면서 재배 가능 하다. The development of GM crops has gained significant economic importance, and the number of countries cultivating commercial GM crops has continuously increased since the 1960s. Globally, the area given to cultivating GM soybean, maize, cotton, and canola alone had reached 114 million hectares by 2007. Although the economic importance of cultivating and commercializing GM crops has increased, there is still a need to assess their agricultural traits in comparison to non-GM produce. This study evaluated the agricultural traits of GM rice containing the drought-tolerant gene CaMsrB2 and standard rice to investigate any unintended effects of genetic engineering. The GM and non-GM rice were compared in terms of various agricultural traits in a drought greenhouse and an irrigated paddy field. There was no statistical difference in the field-grown crops, but there was a statistically significant difference in both tiller number and yield in the greenhouse. These results therefore suggest that GM rice lines containing the CaMsrB2 gene are superior in performance to non-GM rice in drought stress conditions and could be grown in drought-prone areas where drought intolerant rice may not be able to grow.

내건성 및 BPH 내성 계통의 육성을 위한 농업형질 고정여부 조사

이소영(So Young Lee),김은경(Eun-Gyeong Kim),박재령(Jae-Ryoung Park),김경민(Kyung-Min Kim) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.9

1960년대 후반 인디카 품종과 자포니카 품종의 교잡에 의하여 새로운 통일형 벼 품종을 육성했고 그 재배기술을 확립했으며, 현재까지 이 재배기술을 이용하여 소비자들의 기호에 맞게 그리고 극한환경에 대응할 수 있는 다양한 품종들이 만들어졌다. 서로 다른 작물끼리 교배하여 얻은 F1을 가지고 반복적인 세대 진전을 통하여 도입을 원하는 우량한 유전자원의 형질이 더 이상 분리되지 않을 때 교배시킨 형질이 고정되었다고 볼 수 있으며 비로소 신품종이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄에 저항성을 띠는 HV23 계통을 모품종인 Ilmi와 교배한 집단과 벼멸구에 내성을 갖는 Drimi2ho와 교배한 집단의 F₄, F5, 그리고 F6의 농업형질을 조사하여 고정 여부를 확인했다. HV23와 Drimi2ho/HV23 계통의 F5, F6를 비교하였을 때 그리고 Ilmi/HV23 계통의 F₄, F5를 비교하였을 때 모두 유의하지 않은 정도의 형질 변이가 나타났기 때문에 농업형질이 고정되었다고 판단할 수 있었다. 일반적인 계통 육종법은 품종개량에 10년 이상의 시간이 드는 반면 본 연구에서는 4-5년 만에 형질이 고정되었음을 확인하였다. Late in the 1960s, South Korea established cultivation technology and began breeding new “Tongil” type rice cultivars by crossing indica and japonica. To date, this cultivation technique has been used to produce a wide variety of cultivars to meet consumer preferences and adapt to extreme weather conditions. Once major genetic traits are no longer segregated through advanced generations, varieties obtained from a cross between different crops may become a new variety. In this study, we confirmed the agronomic traits of F₄, F5, and F6 by advanced generation a population in which drought tolerance and brown planthopper (BPH) resistance were crossed. HV23, Ilmi/HV23, and Drimi2ho/HV23 were used. HV23 was drought-tolerant, and Drimi2ho was resistant to BPH. As a result, it was possible to consider that the agronomic traits were fixed because none of them showed a significant difference from the others. While it takes more than 10 years for the pedigree method of breeding, this study confirmed that the agronomic traits were fixed in 4-6 years. In the future, we will investigate the homology of the CaMsrB2 gene and the Bph1 gene, to confirm that both genes are closely related to each other, and analyze the stable inheritance of the introduced gene for multiple successive generations.