4세기 慕容鮮卑 前燕의 성장과 고구려의 대응

박세이(Park Se-yiee) 한국고대사학회 2014 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.0 No.73

고구려의 鮮卑族 관계는 크게 세 시기로 구분할 수 있다. 제1기는 고구려 건국으로부터 2세기 이전까지의 초기 관계로서 고구려의 선비 일부 세력에 대한 복속과 이들의 군사적 조력을 통한 한군현에 대한 공격이 주로 이루어졌던 시기이다. 제2기는 선비족이 분화하면서 새롭게 등장한 모용씨 선비 前·後燕과의 대립·갈등기로 이런 관계가 거의 100년간에 걸쳐 지속되었음을 특징으로 한다. 제3기는 5호16국 시대를 종식하고 화북지역을 새롭게 평정한 탁발씨 선비 북위와의 우호증진 관계이다. 고구려와 북위는 초기에는 북연을 둘러싸고 일촉즉발의 위기상황에 이르렀으나, 그 이후에는 북위의 동서분열 시까지 대체적으로 긴밀한 우호 관계를 유지하였다. 이 글은 특히 제2기에 해당하는 고구려와 모용선비 前燕의 대립갈등 관계에 주목하여 이를 고찰하였다. 당시 고구려와 모용선비 모두 영역확장기였던 까닭에 갈등이 심화되었다. 그리하여 대체적으로 그들 간 대립의 주요한 원인으로 요동이라는 지정학적 요인에 주목하였고, 그 의미 파악에 있어서도 곡창지대로서의 요동이 부각되었다. 그러나 그 이외에도 모용씨의 요동지역으로의 이주와 성장과정에서 비롯된 양자 간의 충돌과 갈등 및 요동이 철과 소금이 풍부하게 산출되는 곳이라는 점 등도 고려되어야 한다. 고구려는 모용씨의 성장과 그에 대한 외교적 대응으로써 우문.단부선비, 읍루 등 주변국을 연결하여 對 모용씨 연합전선을 형성하는 한편 미천왕 사후에는 동진에도 견사를 하여 외교적 다각화를 모색하였다. 또한 군사력을 동원한 적극적인 대응책으로 한 군현을 편입하여 직접 지배하에 두거나 부여방면으로 영역을 확장하였다. 그리고 새롭게 중원의 강자로 등장한 후조와 2차에 걸쳐 대 모용씨 연합을 구축하기도 하였으나, 후조의 국내외적 사정과 모용씨의 강력한 저항에 부딪혀 소기의 성과를 거두지는 못하였다. 오히려 고구려는 그 과정에서 치밀하게 계획된 전연의 침공을 받아 수도가 함락되는 등 막대한 피해를 입고 요동방면에의 진출을 다음 시기로 기약할 수밖에 없었다. In this paper I will examine how the Koguryo/高句麗 Dynasty responded against the Growth of the Murong Xianbei/慕容鮮卑 former Yan/前燕 in the 4th centuries. At that time conflicts between them were exacerbated because the Koguryo/高句麗 Dynasty andMurong Xianbei/慕容鮮卑 were territorial expansion time. Thus overall most of the researchers mainly considered geostrategic factors of Liao-dong/遼東 with the breadbasket as causes of conflicts between them. But it must be considered that military or inner conflicts with Koguryo Dynasty happened in the course of the move and development of the Murong to Liao-dong, that was produced a lot of iron and salt. The Koguryo also took appropriate diplomatic steps against the Murong" growth. That is, the Koguryo formed a coalition against the Murong in connection with most other countries including Hou Zhao(後趙) dynasty. And the Koguryo aimed to diversify its diplomatic policy by dispatching an envoy to East Ch"en Dynasty/東晋. Meanwhile, the Koguryo attacked Nakrang/樂 浪·Daebang/帶 方 areas by applying positively military power and subjected them to its rule. Also, it expanded its territory to Buyeo/夫餘 districts. The Koguryo between and Hou Zhao/後趙 dynasty to stop the Murong갽 development formed coalitions second times but didn"t produce actual results. Nevertheless the Koguryo was attacked by former Yan/前燕 elaborated scheme and caused a lot of damage, the capital had fallen, many people were taken prisoner etc. So it can"t help taking a rain check for the Koguryo to advance to Liaodong districts.

高句麗와 ‘三燕’의 境界

박세이(Park Se Yiee) 고구려발해학회 2016 고구려발해연구 Vol.54 No.-

고구려의 성장과 발전에 있어 鮮卑族은 고구려 국초부터 멸망기까지 다양한 형태로 깊은 관련을 맺었다. 특히 5호 16국의 혼란기에 비등한 힘을 가지고, 요동지역 패권을 다투었던 고구려와 모용씨 선비 前·後燕의 관계는 거의 100년간 갈등과 대립의 연속이었으나 한편으로는 그것이 상호간 발전의 동력이었음을 부정할 수 없다. 고구려의 서쪽 경계에 대해서는 遼河를 서북 경계로 하였지만, 隋代까지는 일부 遼河의 서쪽에까지 미치고 있었다고 보는 것이 학계의 통설적인 견해이다. 국초 태조왕 대로부터 끊임없이 시도되었던 고구려의 요동지역 영유가 언제 완전하게 획득되었는지 분명하지는 않지만 광개토왕 대였다는 것에는 이설이 없다. 요하선을 기점으로 한 고구려의 서쪽 경계가 고착화 되기까지에는 부침 또한 많았을 것이라는 점에 주목하였다. 그리하여 3세기 중반 慕容氏의 요서지역 이주로부터 前·後燕·北燕에 이르기까지 고구려와 ‘三燕’ 시기의 사료 분석을 통해 고구려의 서쪽 방면에의 진출에 대해 살펴보고, 고구려의 서계형성사에 있어 그 의미를 찾고자 하였다. 고구려는 전연 때까지는 아직 요동 지역을 완전히 확보하지 못하였던 것으로 보이며, 고국양왕 대에 이르러 평곽을 제외한 요동의 대부분의 지역을 차지하였으며, 광개토왕 대에 이르러 요동 지역을 완전히 확보하였음을 살펴보았다. 그리고 후연 말에 이르러서는 요하를 넘어 숙군을 주요 거점지역으로 하는 영주 일대도 일정 시기까지 영유하였던 것으로 파악하였다. Koguryo’s growth and development in the 4th and 5th Centuries had deep connection with Former-Later Yan(前-後燕), Murong Xianbei(慕容鮮卑). In other words, it was the power of their mutual development that they fought fiercely to occupy the Liaodong(遼東) districts in the period of 5Hu(胡) 16 dynasties of China. Many scholars have argued the fact that the western boundary of Koguryo was the Liao River(遼河), but the influence of Koguryo reached to the parts of the wt eosf the river during Sui(隋) Dynasty. It is a general consensus among scholars about being the time of King Gwanggaeto that doesn’t know clearly when Koguryo dominated totally the Liaodong districts from. This paper is to examine its meaning and expanding the borders of Koguryo westward through the relations Koguryo between with Murong Xianbei. According to this paper, Koguryo didn"t occupy fully the Liaodong districts during Former Yan Dynasty but King Gogukyang conquered almost the whole districts except the Pingquo(平郭) site of the Liaodong in Later Yan Dynasty. And it is anaylized that King Gwanggaeto took Yingzhou(營州) districts of the country during some time beyond the western regions of Liao River in the end of Later Yan Dynasty.

長壽王代 北燕民 刷還에 대한 一檢討

박세이(Park, Se-Yiee) 백산학회 2010 白山學報 Vol.- No.86

This study is to examine the background and significance about the Repatriation of Bukyeon(北燕)’s people in the reign of King Changsu(長壽王). The Relation between both countries has to survey going way back to Jeonyeon(前燕), Huyeon(後燕) Dynasty which were the matrix of Bukyeon. Koguryo and Jeonyeon, Koguryo and Huyeon Dynasty had continued a war for almost a century since early 3rd century. It is why they vied fiercely for possession of the Liaodong(遼東) area. Ultimately, these struggles brought to a conclusion in Koguryo’s victory. Huyeon toward the end of it in 407 was placed under the influence of Koguryo. It can cite following reasons. First, Huyeon, which was already on the road to collapse by the Moyonhee(慕容熙)’s tyranny, was attacked by king Kwanggaeto in 407. Which meant the fall of Huyeon Dynasty. The second reason is that many Koguryo’s people resided within Huyeon. For these reasons, Ghowoon(高雲) who had royal blood of Koguryo ascended the throne. He said to people that he had a royal blood of Koguryo. Also, he changed the nation’s name to Daeyeon(Bukyeon). After this in the relation of both countries, Koguryo became the suzerainty of Bukyeon. Meanwhile, Beiwie(北魏) entered to the Liaoseo(遼西) area to fulfill the unification of North China’s area. Because this was to destroy Bukyeon, Koguryo first had connection with Beiwie that was no a formal relation. This connection became a strategy to help Koguryo to repatriate the Bukyeon’s People later. When Beiwie attacked Bukyeon in 436, Koguryo dispatched quickly their army and safely took king’s Bukyeon, the people to Koguryo. The Koguryo’s dispatch to Bukyeon was the situation that Koguryo and Beiwei could be a clash with each other. Nevertheless, it was to carry out the responsibility and obligation as the suzerainty of Bukyeon for Koguryo to do so. Moreover many Koguryo’ people inhabited in there. I think that taking Bukyeon’ people to Koguryo would be reinforced the Koguryo’s international status and national power.

탄닌산 분해 효소 처리에 따른 감 추출물 유효성분 변화 및 항산화능 활성 분석

조유진 ( Eugene Cho ),오찬진 ( Chan Jin Oh ),조건웅 ( Geon Ung Cho ),김현석 ( Hyun Suk Kim ),홍주희 ( Joo Hee Hong ),박세이 ( Se I Park ),김현우 ( Hyoun Woo Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2020 공학기술논문지 Vol.13 No.3

Persimmons (Diospyros kaki Thub.) are produced mainly in the southern regions by 188,083 tons on an area of 11,132 ha, but only about 50% of the total is processed and consumed. This study attempted to find a way to increase the value of persimmon. Upon the measurement of the antioxidant activity (DPPH) of the persimmon extract at each site, it was found that an antioxidant activity of about 40% was highest in the immature pulp of the hydrothermal and ethanol (EtOH) extracts. As a result of analyzing 14 active ingredients or phenolic compounds by LC/MS/MS, it was discovered that the content of gallic acid was generally high. Therefore, the index component was selected as gallic acid and was referred to in the experiment. Previously, it was reported that when tannin acid was decomposed, the gallic acid content increased. Meanwhile, the gallic acid content increased by 3-4 times, as a result of Tannase treatment, following the change of the active ingredient in the extract. Based on these results, it is believed that developing a product that is utilized as a functional material is possible by increasing the active ingredient through tannic acid decomposition enzyme treatment of persimmon extract.

발풀고사리 물 추출물의 항산화 및 항암 활성 연구

조유진 ( Eugene Cho ),김현우 ( Hyoun-woo Kim ),백효은 ( Hyo-eun Baek ),김현석 ( Hyeon-seok Kim ),조건웅 ( Geon-ung Jo ),박세이 ( Se-i Park ),오찬진 ( Chan-jin Oh ),오득실 ( Deuk-sil Oh ),김진 ( Jin Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2020 공학기술논문지 Vol.13 No.1

Ten species belonging to the genus Dicranopteris are distributed throughout the world and Dicranopteris pedeta (Houtt.) Nakaike is distributed in Korea. In this study, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Dicranopteris pedeta aqueous extract was explored. Antioxidant activity of Dicranopteris pedeta aqueous extract was revealed with a range of 38% to 74% in the DPPH radicals test. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of aqueous extract were 92.5 ± 8.68 mg GAE/g and 28.04 ± 4.08 mg QE/g, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, hesperidin, oxyresveratrol, quercetin, and naringenin were detected by HPLC. Cytotoxicity test was conducted using MTT assay in normal cells 293T, cancer cells of YD-10B and HeLa. In the cytotoxicity test, aqueous extract did not show toxicity to normal cells but inhibited cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that aqueous extracts of Dicroanopteris pedeta could potentially be developed as a functional cosmetics or anticancer agents.