년초과치(年超過値) 계열(系列)의 홍수빈도(洪水頻度) 분석(分析) 관(關)한 연구(硏究) - 금강(錦江) 유역(流域)을 중심(中心)으로 -

박명근 ( Myeong Keun Park ),이순혁 ( Soon Hyuk Lee ) 한국농공학회 1982 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.24 No.1

This study was attempted to find best fitted distribution and the equations for probable maximum flow with the evaluation of parameters by the method of moment for the rat-ional design of hydraulic structures in the annual exceedance series. Six subwatersheds were selected as studying basins along Geum River basin. The results obtained through this study were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Fitted probability distribution was showed in the order of Three Parameter Lognorm-al, Type 1 Extremal, Exponential, Pearson Type III, and Log Pearson Type III distribu-tion as the results of x² goodness of fit test. 2. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed in the order of Three Parameter Lognormal, Exp-onential' Pearson Type III, Log Pearson Type III and Type 1 Extremal distribution for the fitted probability distribution. 3. It can be concluded that Three parameter Lognormal distribution is a best fitted one among some other distributions out of respect for each both tests. 4. An Exponential distribution was proposed as a suitable one by Chow, V.T. showed lower fittness than that of Three Parameter Lognormal in Geum River basin. 5. Probable flood flow equations followins the return periods for each station were obt-ained by Three Parameter Lognormal distribution. 6. It is urgently essential that best fitted probability distribution should be established for the annual exceedance series in the main river systems of Korea.

월유출량의 모의발생에 관한 비교 연구

박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ),서승덕 ( Suh Seung Duk ),이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),맹승진 ( Maeng Sung Jin ) 한국농공학회 1996 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.38 No.4

This study was conducted to simulate long series of synthetic monthly flows by multi-season first order Markov model with selection of best fitting frequency distribution, harmonic synthetic and harmonic regression models and to make a comparison of statistical parameters between observes and synthetic flows of five watersheds in Geum river system. The results obtained through this study can be summarized as follow. 1. Both gamma and two parameter lognormal distributions were found to be suitable ones for monthly flows in all watersheds by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. 2. It was found that arithmetic mean values of synthetic monthly flows simulated by multi-season first order Markov model with gamma distribution are much closer to the results of the observed data in comparison with those of the other models in the applied watersheds. 3. The coefficients of variation, index of fluctuation for monthly flows simulated by multi-season first order Markov model with gamma distribution are appeared closer to those of the observed data in comparison with those of the other models in Geum river system. 4. Synthetic monthly flows were simulated over 100 years by multi-season first order Markov model with gamma distribution which is acknowledged as a suitable simulation modal in this study.

水利構造物의 破壞危險度와 設計洪水量에 관한 水文學的 硏究(Ⅰ) -年最高値 系列을 中心으로-

이순혁,박명근,Lee, Soon-Hyuk,Park, Myeong-Keun 한국농공학회 1985 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

This studies were carried out to get characteristics of frequency distribution, probable flood flows according to the return periods, and the correlation between return periods and those length of records affect the Risk of failure in the annual maximum series of the main river systems in Korea. Especially, Risk analysis according to the levels were emphasized in relation to the design frequency factors for the different watersheds. Twelve watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong, Yeong San and Seom Jin river basin were selected as studying basins. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Type 1 extremal distribution was newly confirmed as a good fitted distribution at selected watersheds along Geum and Yeong San river basin. Three parameter lognormal Seom Jin river basin. Consequently, characteristics of frequency distribution for the extreme value series could be changed in connection with the watershed location even the same river system judging from the results so far obtained by author. 2. Evaluation of parameters for Type 1 extremal and three parameter lognormal distribution based on the method of moment by using an electronic computer. 3. Formulas for the probable flood flows were derived for the three parameter lognormal and Type 1 extremal distribution. 4. Equations for the risk to failure could be simplified as $\frac{n}{N+n}$ and $\frac{n}{T}$ under the condition of non-parametric method and the longer return period than the life of project, respectively. 5. Formulas for the return periods in relation to frequency factors were derived by the least square method for the three parameter lognormal and Type 1 extremal distribution. 6. The more the length of records, the lesser the risk of failure, and it was appeared that the risk of failure was increasing in propotion to the length of return periods even same length of records. 7. Empirical formulas for design frequency factors were derived from under the condition of the return periods identify with the life of Hydraulic structure in relation to the risk level. 8. Design frequency factor was appeared to be increased in propotion to the return periods while it is in inverse proportion to the levels of the risk of failure. 9. Derivation of design flood including the risk of failure could be accomplished by using of emprical formulas for the design frequency factor for each watershed.

장단기유출(長短期流出) 양용저류(兩用貯溜) 탱크 모델의 개발(開發)에 관한 연구(硏究) (I)

이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ) 한국농공학회 1991 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.33 No.1

This study is mainly conducted to examine the possibility for simultaneous estimation of long and short terms runoff by development of simplified stroage tank model in order to get rid of inconvenience and uncertainty which was being continued to study in seperate for long and short terms runoff so far. Especially, Emphasis is placed on getting optimal structure of tank nodel which can be applied to Korean small watersheds and meteorological characteristics for reliable estimation of long and short terms runoff. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; 1. Two types of tank model, named as Model A and Model B in this study are composed of three tanks with 14 unknown parameters comprise surface, prompt and delayed subsurface runoff and base flow as a basic structure for both long and short terms runoff. Design of Model A and Model B was aimed at the accuracy of simulation in consideration of infiltration holes and tanks of third levels in series. It is the only structural difference between Model A and Model B that the former has a protrusion of infiltration hole which is installed at bottom of the uppermost tank, but hasn’t for the latter in order to give the difference of water supply into middle tank. 2. Estimaton for the rate of snowmelt during winter season was calculated by sugawara’s method. 3. Optimal parameters for the two types of tank model were derived through calibration procedure by SP method which is composed of the conjugate direction method proposed by Powell and the standardization of variables. 4. Applicability of Model B is seemed to be better than that of Model A in view of the approach of hydrographs for simulated flows to the observed for each month during calibration period in the long terms runoff. 5. Relative errors of the simulated flows to the observed were shown as little difference between Model A and Model B during calibration period in the flood runoff. 6. It was verified that the adequacy of Model B is superior to that of Model A in view of the approach of hydrographs for the simulated flows to the observed during a verification period in the long terms runoff. 7. Relative errors of the simulated flows to the observed were shown as little difference beteen Model A and Model B during a verification period likewise in calibration one in the flood runoff. 8. Judging by the relative suitabilities of the two types of tank model, it can be concluded that the applicability of Model B is superior to that of Model A in the verification test of both long and short terms runoff in a small mountaineous watershed.

L-모멘트법에 의한 적정 설계홍수량의 유도

이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ),맹승진 ( Maeng Sung Jin ),정연수 ( Jong Youn Su ),김동주 ( Kim Dong Joo ),류경식 ( Ryoo Kyong Sik ) 한국농공학회 1998 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.1998 No.-

This study was conducted to derive optimal design floods by Generalized Extreme-value(GEV) distribution for the annual maximum series at ten watersheds along Han, Nagdong, Geum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river systems. Adequacy for the analysis of flood data used in this study was established by the tests of Independence, Homogeneity, detection of Outliers. L-coefficient of variation, L-skewness and L-kurtosis were calculated by L-moment ratio respectively. Parameters were estimated by the Methods of Moments and L-Moments. Design floods obtained by Methods of Moments and L-Moments using different methods for plotting positions in GEV distribution were compared by the relative mean and relative absolute error. It was found that design floods derived by the method of L-moments using weibull plotting position formula in GEV distribution are much closer to those of the observed data in comparison with those obtained by method of moments using different formulas for plotting positions in view of relative mean and relative absolute error.

L-모멘트 및 LH-모멘트에 의한 GEV분포모형의 설계홍수량의 유도

이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ),맹승진 ( Maeng Sung Jin ),정연수 ( Jong Youn Su ),김동주 ( Kim Dong Joo ),류경식 ( Ryoo Kyong Sik ) 한국농공학회 1999 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.1999 No.-

This study was conducted to derived design floods by Generalized Extreme Value(GEV) distribution for the annual maximum series at ten watersheds along Han, Nagdong, Geum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river systems. Adequency for the analysis of flood data used in this study was established by the test of Independence, Homogeneity, detection of Outliers. Coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis were calculated by the L-Moment and LH-Moment ratio respectively, Parameters were estimated by the Method of L-Moments and LH-Moments. Design floods obtained by Method of L-Moments and LH-'Moments using different methods for plotting positions in GEV distribution and were compared with those obtained using the Method of L-Moments and LH-Moments by the Relative Mean Errors and Relative Absolute Errors. It was found that design floods derived by the method of L-Moments and LH-Moments using Cunnane plotting position formula in the GEV distribution arc much closer to those of the observed data in comparison with those obtained by methods of L-moments and LH-moments using the other formulas for plotting positions from the viewpoint of Relative Mean Errors and Relative Absolute Errors. In view of the fact that hydraulic structures including dams and levees are generally using design floods with the return period of two hundred years or so, design floods derived by LH-Moments are seemed to be more reasonable than those of L-Moments in the GEV distribution.

장단기유출(長短期流出) 양용저유(兩用貯油) 탱크 모델의 개발(開發)에 관한 연구(硏究) (II)

이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ) 한국농공학회 1991 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.33 No.2

The main objective of this study is to examine the adaptability for the large watershed of the storage tank model which can be applied for the analysis of both long and short terms runoff developed on the basis of hydrologic data for a smaH mountaineous watershed. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows ; 1. Areal rainfalls of the Dae Chong watershed were calculated by Thiessen method composed of 9 Thiessen networks. 2. Optimal parameters for two types, Model A and Model B of tank models were derived through calibration procedure by standardized Powell method. 3. Monthly simulated flows of Model B are seemed to be closer to the monthly observed than those of Model A during calibration period in the long terms runoff. 4. Relative errors for the simulated flood flows of Model B were apperaed as lower percentage to the observed than those of Model A during calibration period in the short terms runoff. 5. Daily simulated hydrographs of Model B are seemed to be closer to the daily observed than those of Model A during verification period in the long terms runoff. Significance of Model B was highly acknowledged in comparison with Model A in the correlation analysis between annual observed and annual simulated runoff. 6. Reproducibility of simulated flows for Model B is generally seemed to be better than that of Model A during calibration period in the short terms runoff. 7. It can be concluded that reproducibility of Model B is superior to that of Model A in the long and short terms runoff even a large watershed like the result of the small one. 8. It was verified that adaptability for the large watershed of Model B is superior to that of Model A between the two models which were developed by a small watershed characteristics for both long and short terms runoff. 9. Further study for getting a suitable tank model is desirable to be established by the decision, calibration method of initial parameters of tank model and by additional application of another watershed with different watersheds and meterological characteristics.

수리구조물(水利構造物)의 파괴위험도(破壞危險度)와 설계홍수량(設計洪水量)에 관한 수문학적(水文學的) 연구(硏究)(I)- 년최고치(年最高値) 계열(系列)을 중심(中心)으로 -

이순혁 ( Lee Soon Hyuk ),박명근 ( Park Myeong Keun ) 한국농공학회 1985 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.27 No.2

This studies were carried out to get characteristics of frequency distribution, probable flood flows according to the return periods, and the correlation between return periods and those length of records affect the Risk of failure in the annual maximum series of the main river systems in Korea. Especially, Risk analysis according to the levels were emphasized in relation to the design frequency factors for the different watersheds. Twelve watersheds along Han, Geum, Nak Dong, Yeong San and Seom Jin river basin were selected as studying basins. The results were analyzed and summarized as follows. 1. Type 1 extremal distribution was newly confirmed as a good fitted distribution at selected watersheds along Geum and Yeong San river basin. Three parameter lognormal Seom Jin river basin. Consequently, characteristics of frequency distribution for the extreme value series could be changed in connection with the watershed location even the same river system judging from the results so far obtained by author. 2. Evaluation of parameters for Type 1 extremal and three parameter lognormal distribution based on the method of moment by using an electronic computer. 3. Formulas for the probable flood flows were derived for the three parameter lognormal and Type 1 extremal distribution. 4. Equations for the risk to failure could be simplified as {n} over {N+m} and {n} over {T}under the condition of non-parametric method and the longer return period than the life of project, respectively. 5. Formulas for the return periods in relation to frequency factors were derived by the least square method for the three parameter lognormal and Type 1 extremal distribution. 6. The more the length of records, the lesser the risk of failure, and it was appeared that the risk of failure was increasing in propotion to the length of return periods even same length of records. 7. Empirical formulas for design frequency factors were derived from under the condition of the return periods identify with the life of Hydraulic structure in relation to the risk level. 8. Design frequency factor was appeared to be increased in propotion to the return periods while it is in inverse proportion to the levels of the risk of failure. 9. Derivation of design flood including the risk of failure could be accomplished by using of emprical formulas for the design frequency factor for each watershed.

통일계(統一系)벼의 침수피해요인(浸水被害要因)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) (II) - 침수(浸水)가 수량(收量)에 끼치는 영향(影響)을 중심(中心)으로 -

김철기 ( Choul Kee Kim ),박명근 ( Myeong Keun Park ) 한국농공학회 1983 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.25 No.2

This research is mainly to deal with the effects of submergence treatment on the grain yields of two rice plants, local variety, "Akibare" and Tongil line variety, "Milyang 23". The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. According to the rice products of each plot the grain yield index was smallest in the plot treated at the early heading stage. The index of the next order became smaller in order of late flowering stage, late reduction division stage, milk ripe stage and dough ripe stage etc. The submerged stage at which the damages were smallest was tillering stage. Under the condition of two thirds or one third submerged depth of plant height, few differences in the grain yield index between Milyang 23 and Akibare was found, but except rooting stage, the damages of milyang 23 by whole submergence during growing period were mostly greater than those of Akibare. Especially the grain yield index of early heading stage at which the damages by whole submergence was most serious showed 45 percentage for one day submergence, 31 percentage for 3 days and 0.7 percentage for 7 days in Akibare plots, and 26.7% percentage for one day submergence, 7.9 percentage for 3 days and none for 7 days in Milyang 23 plots. 2. All the factors such as submerged stage, submerged depth and submerged period in this experimental test were highly recognized significance. The factors of the submerged depth and duration influenced on greater damages than the others. According to the difference in grain yield between plots, the larger the submerged depth and duration were, the larger the significant difference appeared. And between the treated levels at other submerged stages except both early tillering stage and most active tillering stage, the significance in the differences in grain yield was recognized, while only the submergence at early heading stage showed the most serious damages. 3. The decreased rate of grain yield for one day submergence at early heading stage indicated that in case of whole submergence of plant height it was 73 percentage in Milyang 23 plot and 55 percentage in Akibare plot, and in the event of two thirds and one third submergences of it, 20 percentage and 10 percentage in both Mulyang 23 and Akibare plots respectively. Therefore, the current criteria for planning project that restricted allowable submergence duration of more than 30cm submerged depth to 24 hours, should be amended not to exceed the submerged depth of 60cm when the duration of more than allowable submerged depth of 30cm will be limited to 24 hours, or within the limits of 12 hour submerged duration for locai variety and of less than 12 hour duration for Tong-illine variety as long as possible in case that submerged depth will be allowed to more than 60cm depth.

통일계(統一系)벼의 침수피해요인(浸水被害要因)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) -침수(浸水)가 벼성장(成長)에 끼치는 영향을 중심(中心)으로-

김철기 ( Choul Kee Kim ),박명근 ( Myeong Keun Park ) 한국농공학회 1983 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.25 No.1

This research is mainly to deal with only the effects of submergence treatment on the growth of plant height, number of tillers, heading stage and the main elements of damaged leaves, out of all the results obtained by submergence experiments of local variety, “Akibare”, and Tongil line variety, “Milyang 23”. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Meteorological conditions in July to September which influence greatly the growth of rice plants showed in 1980 the lowest temperature on record that may cause enormous damages especially in rice products and in growth of Tongil line variety- weak to lower temperature in nature, because monthly mean temperature during July to September in 1980 was recorded 23.0°C to 18.3°C and the number of daily highest temperature above 30°C was only 8 days. 2. The relationship between submerged treatment and plant growth showed that the deeper the submerged depth was and the longer the submerged period became, the more the growth of plant height was retarded and the number of tillers was reduced. This phenomena were especially severe at the rooting stage and early tillering stage. The damage of plant height was less in Milyaug 23 than in Akibare and the damage diminished the number of tillers was greater in Milyaug 23 than in Akibare. 3. The relationship between submerged treatment and heading showed that the deeper the submerged depth was and the longer the submerged hours became, the more the beginning date of heading as well as heading period was retarded. The delay of the begining date of heading was most severe in 7 day whole submerged plots (d₃t₃) at rooting stage at which the beginning date appears on 23th to 25th of August exceeding the 20th of August which was critical heading stage of economical maturing for Tongil line variety. The retard of heading period was most serious at 7 day whole submerged plots (d₃t₃) of the early reading stage which showed heading- period of 30 days in Milyang 23 plot, and that of 25 days in Akibare plot. 4. The transition of main elements of the damaged leave by submergence indicated that the deeper the submerged depth was and the longer the submerged duration became, the more the loss of both crude protein and total sugar that the leave contain was increasing. The loss was heavier in Milyang 23 than in Akibare.