태풍 곤파스에 의해 발생한 풍도목 특성과 바람과의 관계 분석

윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),이명보 ( Myung Bo Lee ),원명수 ( Myoung Soo Won ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

본 연구는 2010년 9월 2일 강한 바람으로 우리나라 중부 지방에 영향을 미친 제7호 태풍 곤파스로 인해 피해를 입은 홍릉수목원 내 풍도목을 대상으로 풍도목의 특징, 임내·외 풍향 및 풍속의 특징을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 풍도목은 피해 유형에 따라 바람에 쓰러진 나무, 기울어진 나무, 수간이 부러진 나무 등 크게 세 가지로 구분하여 조사하였다. 바람이 불기 시작한 9월 2일 04시부터 바람이 완전히 멎은 12시까지의 풍속을 분석한 결과, 임내 평균풍속과 순간최대풍속은 각각 1.4 m/s와 3.5 m/s 이었으며, 06시 10분 임내 평균풍속과 순간최대풍속이 각각 3.4 m/s와 8.7 m/s로 최고치를 기록하였다. 곤파스의 피해를 받은 2010년 9월 2일과 강풍주의보가 발효되었던 과거 5일(2009년 2월 13일, 2월 20일, 4월 21일, 10월 16일, 2010년 3월 20일)의 평균풍속 차이와 파동을 비교 분석한 결과, 풍도목 발생 원인은 바람의 세기보다는 단위시간당 바람파동횟수와 관련이 깊은 것으로 사료된다. 풍향 분석결과 임내 평균풍향은 방위각 112.5°~180°(ESE-SE-SSE-S)와 247.5°(WSW) 방향에서 불어 들어왔으며, 임내·외 순간 최대풍향 모두 방위각 157.5°(SSE) 방향에서 강하게 불어 들어왔다. 풍도목의 도복 방향과 위치를 분석한 결과 84.0%의 풍도목이 방위각 270°~22.5°(W-WNW-NW-NNW-N-NNE) 방향으로 쓰러졌으며, 97.3%의 풍도목이 완경사지(경사15° 미만)와 경사지(경사 15°~20°)에서 발생하였다. 풍도목 중 침엽수가 45.3%를 차지했고, 활엽수가 54.7%를 차지하였으나, 임상별로 보면 풍도목은 활엽수림보다 침엽수림과 혼효림에서 주로 발생한 것으로 나타났다. This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of wind damaged trees in the Hongneung Arboretumin Korea. Many trees in the Hongneung Arboretum were damaged by the ``Kompasu``, the seventh typhoon in the year of 2010 having strong impacts on the central region of Korea. Damaged trees were divided into 3 damage types: windthrow, slanted and broken trees. Most of damaged trees (97.3%) were found at low slope (below 15 degree) or medium slope (15~20 degree). The 45.3% of damaged trees were coniferous and 54.7% were deciduous trees. The wind speed was recorded for the duration of the typhoon from 04:00 AM to 12:00 PM on September 2. The average wind speed and the maximum instantaneous wind speed inside the forest were 1.4 m/ sec and 3.5 m/sec, respectively. The highest peak of the average and the maximum instantaneous wind speed inside of forest, 3.4 m/sec and 8.7 m/sec respectively, were recorded at 06:10 AM on September 2. To analyze relationship between wind characteristics and the damage types, the average wind speed and the frequency of wind wave was compared to those of pre-typhoon period (Feb. 13, Feb. 20, Apr. 21, Oct. 16, 2009 and Mar. 20, 2010). The results indicated that the damaged trees were affected by frequent wind wave rather than the wind speed itself. Also average wind direction inside the forest was analyzed to investigate the impact of wind direction on the damaged trees. The wind had mainly blown from SE and SW, and the maximum instantaneous wind direction was SE direction overall. Most of the damaged trees (84.0%) had fallen down to the NW or NE direction. This result showed that the fallen direction of the damaged trees and wind direction was highly related. Therefore, we found that the frequency of wind wave was the main factor of wind damages during the typhoon ``Kompasu`` and wind direction was highly related to the fallen direction.

우리나라 해안별 해안방재림의 유형특성 비교

김찬범 ( Chan Beom Kim ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),이창우 ( Chang Woo Lee ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.4

The objective of this study was to select a representative coastal disaster prevention forest type foreach coastal area. In this study, we used cluster analysis with the results obtained from investigation for densityof growing stock, tree height, DBH, and forest width and length of major coastal disaster prevention forestsdistributed in the west, the south, and the east coasts. The results showed that the coastal disaster preventionforests for each coast were classified into two types: a forest type with small DBH and high growing stockdensity (W1) or with high tree height (W2) in the west coast, a forest type with small tree height (S1) or withlarge DBH (S2) in the south coast, and a forest type with small growing stock density (E1) or with small treeheight and low DBH (E2) in the east coast. The coastal disaster prevention forests located in Gurye beach(Hwangchon-ri, Wonbuk-myeon, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do) and in Gohsapo beach (Unsna-ri, Byeonsanmyeon,Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do) were selected as the representative forests of W1 and W2, respectively. Inaddition, the coastal disaster prevention forests located in Namyang beach (Namyang-ri, Seolcheon-myeon,Namhae-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do) and in Donggo beach (Donggo-ri, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do)were selected as the representative forests of S1 and S2, respectively. Last, the coastal disaster prevention forestslocated in Bonggil beach (Bonggil-ri, Yangbuk-myeon, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do) and in Anmeok beach(Gyeonso-dong, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do) were selected as the representative forests of E1 and E2,respectively. Our finding is expected to be used as baseline data in establishing the most appropriate coastaldisaster prevention forest for each coast.

곰솔 해안방재림의 형상비를 고려한 밀도 관리의 필요성과 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),박기형 ( Ki Hyung Park ),임영협 ( Young Hyup Lim ),윤주웅 ( Ju Ung Yun ),권세명 ( Se Myoung Kwon ),윤호중 ( Ho Joong Youn ),이진호 ( Jin Ho Lee ),( Yukiyoshi Teramoto ),( Tsugio 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

This study examined methods for stand density control by using shape ratio (tree height/DBH) and its application for effective management of Pinus thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests. We analyzed the present conditions (height, DBH, and density) of P. thunbergii coastal disaster prevention forests at 123 study sites on Jeju Island and west, south, and east coasts of South Korea and compared them with results from previous studies. The average shape ratio for P. thunbergii showed positive correlations with stand density and was significantly higher on the west coast (66.32) than on the south (49.57) and east (48.19) coasts and Jeju Island (48.29). Stands with shape ratio higher than 70 accounted for 50% of the total study sites on the west coast, indicating a decrease in their disaster prevention function compared to that of other previous studies. The stand density in most coastal areas, except the east coast, was significantly higher than the standards recommended by the Korea Forest Service and the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute of Japan, indicating the need for stand density control. According to the growth estimation equation for P. thunbergii in the coastal area of South Korea, density control is required for young stands less than 14 years old, which show drastic increase in the shape ratio, to conserve their disaster prevention function. Particularly, the first thinning of P. thunbergii forests should be implemented before the stand age of 8 years that a shape ratio exceeds 70. For disaster-prone young stands (≤ 20 cm DBH) of P. thunbergii, the stand density was higher in the standard of Japan considering shape ratio than in that of Korea aiming timber production. Hence, the standard guidelines employed in Japan, which assign higher importance to disaster prevention function based on field surveys, can be applied effectively for controlling the stand density of P. thunbergii coastal forests in South Korea, to improve their disaster prevention function.

중부 서해안 해안사구 자생식물과 귀화식물 군락의 토양특성 비교

이창우 ( Chan Beom Kim ),김찬범 ( Yow Han Son ),손요환 ( Yeong Tae Bae ),배영태 ( Ki Hyung Park ),박기형 ( Ho Joong Youn ),윤호중 ( Kyong Ha Kim ),김경하 ( Chang Woo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.3

This study was conducted to know the effect of major physical-chemical characteristics of soil to be in the area of indigenous and naturalized plant in the sand dune of the western coastal area of Korea. The study was performed on the sand dunes distributed across Taean-gun and Buan-gun and the study period was from April to October in 2010. Sixty nine of 5 m × 5 m study plots were installed and the distribution of plants were investigated. We measured the soil characteristics including soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available P2O5, soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cation, EC and NaCl. As a result, soil texture was classified as sand, in case of average pH, NaCl, and EC of soil to be in the area of indigenous herbaceous plant were 7.77, 0.03% and 0.52 ds.m-1, indigenous woody plant of the mean pH, NaCl and EC were 7.31, 0.01%, 0.23 ds.m-1. In case of naturalized herbaceous plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.12, 0.01%, 0.29 ds.m-1, naturalized woody plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.34, 0.01%, 0.20 ds.m-1 respectively. On average, naturalize plants showed in low salinity concentration than indigenous plants.