葡萄狀球菌의 溶原性에 關한 硏究

文榮石 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.7 No.4

The propagating strains (PS) of phages, 29, 52, 52A/79, 80, 81 and 82, were studied on the lysogenization with phages 80, 81 and 82. Strains belonging to phage types 80, 80/81 and 52/52A/80/81, which were isolated in this laboratory from patients suffering from staphylococcal infections, were also subjected for this study. The main purposes of this study are to know the lysogenizing abilities of phages in epidemic strains under ultraviolet-irradiated and non-irradiated conditions, and the changes in phage patterns following lysogenization The change in antibiotic resistance following lysogenization and the reversion in phage sensitivity of lysogenized strains were also studied. The following results were obtained. 1. PS 29, 52, and 52A/79 were not lysed by phages 80, 81 and 82, and not lysogenized by these phages. 2. All PS were not lysogenized by phage 80. However, ultraviolet-irradiated PS was lysogenized by phage 80, and non-typable strains were derived, 3. PS 80 and 81 were lysogenized by phage 81 belonging to serological A group, and lysogenized strains showed phage patterns of 52/52A/79/80 and 80. 4. PS 80, 80 and 82 were lysogenized by serological group A phage 82 and non-typable strains were obtained. 5. Irradiation of PS with ultraviolet did not result in the increase in the frequency and tendency of lysogenization with phages except PS 80. 6. Some of isolated strains belonging to 80/81-52/52A/80/81 complex were lysogenized by phages 80 and 81. Lysogenized strains became immune to phages serologically belonging to the same group with the lysogenizing phages. 7. Ultraviolet irradiated isolated strains were more frequently lysogenized than non-irradiated ones by phages 80, 81 and 82. 8. Phage patterns of lysogenized strains were stable and did not changed by repeated subcultures. 9. The abilities to produce coagulase and pigment and to ferment mannitol. were the same as those of the parent strains. 10. Penicillin resisiance of PS of lysogenizing phages was transduced into lysogenized strains derived from penicillin-sensitive PS, Sensitivity of penicillin and streptomycin in PS of lysogenizing phages was transduced into the strains derived by lysogenization of strains resistant to penicillin and streptomycin. 11. Lysogenized non-typable strains have a tendency to become sensitive, by treatment with acrif ravine, to phages for which parent strains were sensitive, but lysogenized typable strains did not show any tendency of reverting sensitivity. 12. Host ranges of temperate phages in typable and nontypable lysogenized strains were almost the same as those of phages used for lysogenization.

"캐나다 이민"에 관한 연구 : 그 현황과 그 전망

문영석 한국캐나다학회 2003 캐나다논총 Vol.9 No.-

상부위장관 질환의 딥러닝 적용

방창석 ( Chang Seok Bang ) 대한소화기학회 2020 대한소화기학회지 Vol.75 No.3

Artificial intelligence using deep learning has been applied to gastrointestinal disorders for the detection, classification, and delin­eation of various lesion images. With the accumulation of enormous medical records, the evolution of computation power with graphic processing units, and the widespread use of open-source libraries in large-scale machine learning processes, medical artificial intelligence is overcoming its traditional limitations. This paper explains the basic concepts of deep learning model estab­lishment and summarizes previous studies on upper gastrointestinal disorders. The limitations and perspectives on future devel­opment are also discussed.

<특집> 녹색성장과 전력산업 - (총론) 전 세계가 녹색성장 경쟁

문영석,Mun, Yeong-Seok 대한전기협회 2009 전기저널 Vol.- No.387

An Exploration of Grammatical Metaphor in Korean EFL Writers’ Texts

문영석 한국외국어교육학회 2014 Foreign languages education Vol.21 No.3

Nominalization is regarded as one of the most salient features of native speakers’ texts according to studies investigating academic discourse. Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) identifies grammatical metaphor, which is often identical to nominalization as a key linguistic resource for achieving matured writing. This study examines Korean high school EFL learners’ deployment of grammatical metaphor (GM) by the method of a text analysis and attempts to demonstrate what extent learners from two different proficiency levels use GM in terms of occurrence of nominalization and the nominal group. Six argumentative texts were chosen from the database of over 1200 texts after a genre-based instruction of a semester. The outcome of the study shows that more skilled students used more GM and nominal groups than less skilled students do. It reveals the effect of GM use in writing quality and the probability of GM in pedagogy and assessment of secondary school writing in Korea. Therefore, this research for GM based on SFL is meaningful in the relevant area as the functional role of language is regarded as central.

불완전 경쟁시장하의 대체에너지 기술개발과 기후변화협약

문영석,조경엽 에너지경제연구원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.2003 No.12

본 보고서의 목적은 석탄에서 석유로, 다시 천연가스의 비중 증가로 특징지어지는 그동안의 에너지Mix 변화가 향후 어떤 방식으로 진행될 것인지에 대한 분석을 가능하게 하는 모형의 구축에 있다. 이를 위해 내생적 성장모형의 기본 골격을 가진 모형에 불완전 경쟁시장에 기반을 둔 기술 투자가 경제 성장을 견인하고, 그 과정에서 에너지는 생산요소로서 다양한 종류가 수요 되는 모형을 수립하였다. 특히 빈티지 모형을 에너지부문에 적용하여 그 동안 시도되지 못하였던 시간에 따른 에너지 Mix의 변화과정을 분석하는 시도를 하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 모형은 이론적 모형과 실증적 모형으로 구성되어 있으며, 이론적 모형에서는 Mulder et al (2003)의 자본 빈티지 모형을 에너지 빈티지 모형으로 변형하여 석탄-석유-천연가스-대체에너지로의 점진적 대체관계를 분석하였고 실증분석 모형은 이론적 모형을 연산 가능한 일반균형 모형으로 전환하여 환경정책 도입에 따른 에너지 Mix의 장기적 trend의 변화효과에 대한 분석을 시도하였다. 이론적 모형의 주요 결과는 첫째, 새로운 에너지 빈티지일수록 자본비율이 높아진다고 가정하면, 에너지세는 새로운 빈티지의 에너지에 유리하게 작용하여, 새로운 에너지의 시장진입을 촉진하는 효과가 있다. 둘째, 에너지간 상보성을 가정하면, 오래된 빈티지의 에너지가 시장에 잔존하는 데 필요한 최소수요가 줄어들게 되어, 오래된 에너지를 퇴출시키고 새로운 에너지에 대한 수요 증가를 지연시키게 된다. 셋째, 서로 다른 빈티지를 가진 에너지간에 상보성이 증가하면 새로운 에너지의 등장에도 불구하고 최종소비재 생산부문에서 에너지간 상대수요의 변화가 민감하지 않게 된다. 그 결과 새로운 에너지의 시장 진입이 지연되게 된다. 넷째, 특히 본 모형에서처럼 학습효과가 있을 경우에는 새로운 에너지에 대한 초기 수요는 상대적으로 낮아서 새로운 에너지의 확산 속도는 학습효과가 없을 때에 비해 느려지게 된다. 이는 새로운 에너지의 시장 진입 시기 및 속도를 늦추는 방향으로 영향을 미치게 된다. 실증분석에서는 이론적 모형을 연산 가능한 일반균형모형으로 전환하여 환경정책 및 보조금 정책이 에너지 빈티지(사용기간)와 에너지 Mix에 미치는 효과를 대체에너지를 중심으로 분석하였다. 실증분석 시나리오를 온실가스 감축시나리오와 보조금 시나리오로 분류하고 이에 따른 에너지 사용기간과 기간별 에너지 Mix의 변화를 비교하였다. 온실가스 감축을 2008년부터 BaU 대비 30% 감축하는 온실가스감축 시나리오가 시행되면 천연가스와 대체에너지의 독점이윤이 증가하여 기준시나리오에 비해 대체에너지와 천연가스의 빈티지가 증가(비중 및 사용기간 증가) 할 것으로 전망된다. 보조금 시나리오는 온실가스감축 규제로 확보된 정부수입을 대체에너지 개발을 위한 보조금으로 환원하는 것으로 정의하고 분석을 수행하였다. 온실가스감축 시나리오에 비해 보조금 정책은 대체에너지의 빈티지를 더욱 빠르게 증가시키며, 학습효과를 통해 보다 빠른 생산성 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 더욱이 보조금 정책은 동일한 환경목표를 달성하는데 소비자 후생과 저감비용(톤당 저감비용과 GOP 소실)측면에서 온실가스 감축 시나리오보다 효과적인 것으로 분석되고 있다. 실증분석의 민감도분석에서는 본 연구에서와 같이 독점적 경쟁시장을 가정하고 에너지 빈티지 모형을 구축하는 것이 에너지 · 환경정책을 평가하는데 매우 중요하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 빈티지를 고려한 모형에 비해 빈티지를 고려하지 않은 모형은 환경정책에 따른 후생손실과 저감비용을 과대평가하는 경향이 있으며, 대체에너지의 비중증가는 과소평가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. The aim of this report is to build up models which can be used to analyze the long term historical trend and future prospect of energy mix such as transition from coal to oil and then the increasing share of natural gas and the emergence of renewable energy. The model developed is characterized by (ⅰ) imperfect competition makes innovation profitable (ⅱ) different energies are used as an intermediate inputs and the diversity of energy enhances overall productivity (Ⅲ) vintage-type model is applied in the energy sector in order to analyze the transition of energy mix, which has rarely been tried in the literature. We developed two different models, analytical and empirical model. In analytical model, capital-vintage model of Mulder et al (2003) is modified into an energy-vintage model. In empirical model section, CGE(computable general equilibrium) model is developed to simulate the effect of climate change related regulations on the energy mix transition. Main results of analytical model can be summarized as follows. Firstly, imposing an energy price tax under the assumption of an increasing capital intensity ratio of new vintage will promote the adoption of new vintage. Secondly, if we assume the complementarity between different energies, an increase in the degree of the complementarity decreases the minimal demand required for vintage producers to operate profitably. Therefore, it increases the equilibrium number of vintages sustained in the economy. Thirdly, a higher degree of complementarity lowers the responsiveness of the relative demand for vintages to increases in productivity of newer vintages. As a result, diffusion of new vintages in the market slows down. Fourthly, learning-by-using effect means that the most productive vintages are of an intermediate age and hence initial demand for newest vintage is relatively low. As a result, diffusion of new vintages in the market slows down. For empirical analysis, we employ a CGE model describing world economy with 1985 of basis year. Compared with analytical model, detailed consideration is given to four energy sources, namely coal, oil, gas, and renewable energy. Using numerical model, we investigate and compare changes in transition path from coal, oil, and gas to renewable energy due to imposing a tightened regulation on green house gas (GHG) emission and/or subsidy policy for enhancing renewable energy production. Under the emission reduction scenario, GHG emission allowance is set 30% reduction against BaU scenario from the year 2008. Emission reduction raises monopoly rents from producing renewable energy than producing coal, oil, and gas with relatively higher carbon contents. Therefore, consumption share and vintage of renewable energy will rise. Under the subsidy scenario, government uses its revenue from auctioned emission permit to enhance investment on renewable energy. In subsidy scenario, the vintage for renewable energy is longer and thus its productivity is higher because of learning by using effect than in emission reduction scenario. In terms of welfare and economic cost for reducing emission, subsidy scenario is much preferable to emission reduction scenario. This report also shows that analyses which ignore vintage specification under monopolistically competitive market structure may have misleading policy recommendations. Compared with results derived from model with vintage specification, the model without vintage specification tends to overestimate the economic cost of emission reduction but tends to underestimate consumption share of renewable energy.

Sociological Implications of the Roman Catholic Conversion Boom in Korea

문영석 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2011 Korea Journal Vol.51 No.1

Both South and North American countries, as well as other traditionally Catholic states in Europe, have been seeing sharp declines in their ranks in the past few decades, especially in the number of people entering the priesthood and in the falling attendance of members of the congregation at Mass. The Catholic Church throughout the world is in a state of radical transition and is experiencing profound and dramatic changes following the close of the Second Vatican Council II 40 years ago. In contrast, the Catholic Church in Korea is thriving. This study examines the possible causes connected to the increase in membership in the Catholic Church, focusing on sociocultural factors and exploring questions of how these aspects of unique development have been historically and structurally related to the dynamics of Catholicism in Korea and the disparity between external growth and internal maturity.

DEA를 이용한 은행지점 효율성 측정 및 비교 : A은행 (성과)을 중심으로

문영석,이장우 한국재무학회 2014 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.08

Christian Zen - What Christian Learns from Buddhist Meditation?

문영석 한국선학회 2008 한국선학 Vol.21 No.-

Zen/Seon meditation has attracted much attention in recent Western thought.It cannot be denied that profound meditative life has reached notable heights in Asia. The Asian cultures have been formed and nourished on meditation. Christians today have keen desire to experience a deeper and more authentic spiritual life. And thus, Many Christians discontent with old forms of prayer or devotion and are looking for something that will satisfy the aspirations of their exploring heart. This article will explore the insights of how to combine Zen meditation with Christian contemplation for the purpose of a new form of indigenous Asian spirituality which corresponds with Christian/Buddhist spiritual heritage and communicate in a multicultural world without harming the identity of other religions.

Neither Monk Nor Layman : Comparative Analysis of Shinran and Wonhyo’s Popularized Buddhism

문영석 한국일본사상사학회 2010 일본사상 Vol.0 No.18

After the inception of Buddhism, followed a period of clericalism or religious elitism, after which the two great reformers bridged the divide between the monastic and lay, and made available Buddhism for all, establishing a new grassroots level of followers. This article will analyze these two exemplar reformers selected from the two contrasting traditions: On the basis of my comparative studies, Shinran and Wonhyo, I argue for a description of grassroots Buddhism as a “Buddhism for all”, not solely for monastics, for enlightenment and not world denying or otherworldly alone. By disregarding the Sitz im Leben (place in living), the context in everyday life of Buddhism, scholars risk succumbing to abstractions about the Buddhist ideal or misrepresentations of its practice. Thus any generalization based on textual sources or library research alone poses a serious problem for the earnest study of Buddhism.