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류영숙(Young Suk Ryu),여명구(Myeong Gu Yeo) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.4
본 연구는 6종류의 천연 추출물이 구강질환 예방 및 치료 소재로 활용 가능성을 평가 하였다. 치주질환에 효과적인 물질을 선별하기 위해 죽엽(BBL), 여주열매(BMF), 석류열매(POF), 옥수수수염(CSF), 우엉뿌리(BR), 민들레뿌리(DR) 추출물에 대한 일련의 검사를 실시했다. 항산화 활성은 2,2-디페닐-1-피릴하이드라질(DPPH), 슈퍼옥사이드 디스무타아제(SOD) 유사 활성에 의해 평가하였다. 구강질환 관연 미생물을 선정하여 한천배지확산법을 수행하였다. 세포독성 시험은 3-(4,5-디메틸티아졸-2-일)-2,5-디페닐-2H-테트라졸륨 브롬화물(MTT) 분석법을 사용하여 측정되었다. RAW 264.7 세포에서 지질 다당류(LPS)에 의해 산화질소(NO) 생성에 대한 억제율을 그리스(griess) 시약으로 조사하였다. 항산화능 결과에서 POF 추출물은 125 μg/mL 농도에서 68 %의 가장 높은 항산화 억제율을 보였다. SOD 효소 활성은 POF 추출물이 높은 활성을 보였으며, BBL 추출물은 SOD 활성을 나타내지 않았다. POF 추출물은 구강점막 표면에 증식하는 칸디다 알비칸스(Candida albicans )와 충치유발균 스트렙토코쿠스 뮤탄스(Streptococcus mutans), 스트렙토코쿠스 소브리누스(Streptococcus sobrinus) 의 감소에 효과적이었다. 세포생존률 측정 결과 POF 및 CSF 추출물은 25 ug/ml 미만의 농도에서 90 % 이상의 세포 생존율이 확인되었다. NO 실험 결과 POF 추출물 2.5 μg/mL 농도에서 58.2 %의 NO 억제 효과가 나타났다. 또한, DR 추출물은 L929 세포에 대한 세포독성을 보이지 않은 반면, DR 추출물이 FaDu세포(하인두 편평암세포)에 미치는 영향은 5-100 μg/mL 범위에서 세포성장 억제를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, POF와 DR추출물은 구강질환 예방 또는 치료에 도움을 줄 수 있는 소재임을 확인할 수 있었다. This study evaluated the effect of six natural extracts on oral disease prevention by screening effective materials for periodontal disease. Bamboo leaf (BBL), bitter melon fruit (BMF), pomegranate fruit (POF), corn silk flower (CSF), burdock root (BR), and dandelion root (DR) extracts were subjected to various assays. Antioxidant activities were determined through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity assays, whereas cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl –2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was examined by subjecting RAW 264.7 cells to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibition assay and determining nitric oxide (NO) inhibition by Griess reagent. The POF extract showed highest DPPH inhibition (68%) at 125 μg/mL. In addition, high SOD enzyme activity was obtained with the POF extract, whereas the BBL extract showed no SOD activity. Treatment with POF extract was also effective in reducing the bacterial loads of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus. Furthermore, over 90% cell viability was confirmed at concentrations less than 25 μg/mL of POF and CSF extracts. The result showed 58.2% inhibition of NO production at 2.5 μg/mL of the POF extract. Although the DR extract showed no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, the extract exerted toxicity on FaDu cells (head and neck carcinoma cells) in the range of 5-100 μg/mL. Our results indicate the potential application of POF and DR extracts for the prevention or treatment of oral diseases.
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형식 기술 기법에 의한 LOTOS 프로토콜 적합성 시험
김성운(Kim Sung Un),진병문(Chin Byoung Moon),류영숙(Ryu Young Suk) 한국정보처리학회 1997 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.4 No.7
This paper presents an automated protocol conformance test sequence generation based on formal methods for LOTOS specification by using and applying many existing related algorithms and technique, such as the testing framework, Rural Chinese Postman tour concepts. We use the state-transition graphs obtained from LOTOS specifications by means of the CAESAR tool. This tool compiles a specification written in LOTOS into an extended Petri net, from which a transition graph of a event finite-state machine(EvFSM) including data is generated. A new characterizing sequence(CS), called Unique Event sequence(UE sequence) is defined. An UE sequence for a state is a sequence of accepted gate events that is unique for this state. Some experiences about UE sequence, partial UE sequence and signature are also explained. These sequences are combined with the concept of the Rural Chinese Postman Tour to obtain an optimal test sequence which is a minimum cost tour of the reference transition graph of the EvFSM. This paper also presents a fault coverage estimation experience of an automated method for optimized test sequences generation and the translation of the test sequence obtained by using our tool to TTCN notation are also given. A prototype of the proposed framework has been built with special attention to real application in order to generated the executable test cases in an automatic way. This formal method on conformance testing can be applied to the protocols related to IN, PCS and ATM for the purpose of verifying the correctness of implementation with respect to the given specification.
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