「Vところを」の用法 ー補語節と副詞節の連続性の観点からー

데라이히로미 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2012 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.54

本稿は動詞に接続する「ところを」の用法と、各用法の連続性を明らかにすることを考察の目的とする。主節の述語の直接的な対象を「Vところ」があらわし、「を」が格助詞として機能する場合の「Vところを」を「補語節」とし、「を」が格助詞として機能しない「Vところを」を「副詞節」として大きく分類した。「補語節」の「Vところを」には、「空間」をあらす場合と「状況」をあらわす場合があり、「副詞節」の「Vところを」には主節の「背景的な状況」をあらわす場合と、従属節と主節の間に逆接的な解釈を伴う「逆接的な関係」をあらわす場合があることを明らかにした。「Vところを」が主節の「背景的な状況」をあらわす場合は、主節の述語として基本的に自動詞を続け、他動詞をとる場合にはその直接的な対象が主節内にあらわれる。「Vところを」の各用法は連続的であり、補語節の「空間」をあらわす「Vところを」と「状況」をあらわす「Vところを」は「具体的空間」→「抽象的空間」→「状況」と連続的である。また「補語節」の「状況」と「副詞節」の「背景的な状況」は意味的に連続しているものの、「Vところを」と主節の述語との関係で異っている。「副詞節」の「逆接的な関係」をあらわす「Vところを」は、「具体的空間」→「抽象的空間」→「状況」→「背景的状況」への発展経路の延長に位置づけられるのではなく、「Vところを」と主節の意味的関係に「くい違い性」が生じる場合に認められるという点で連続的であることを指摘した。

「V1ところをV2」における時間関係

데라이히로미 한국일본언어문화학회 2014 일본언어문화 Vol.28 No.-

In “V1 tokorowo V2,” the phenomenon that “V2” expresses is referred to by “simultaneous time relations” “V1”. This “synchronism” is divided into the case that ② overlaps catalytically when the phenomenon that “V2” expresses in terms of time completely,① with “V1” coming at the same time. ①The perception activity verbs “to hear,” and “to look” express “now” and the concrete phenomenon of “here,” and thus can easily be used as “V2” in the form of the verb “shiteiru” in は “V1”. The “shita” form of “suru” in “V1” is replaced with the form of “shiteiru”. ②When “suru, shita,” in capturing movement, is used for は “V1,” and uses the “suru” form, the movement of “V1” expresses non-completion, and stage and “V2” are simultaneous. In this case, when “V1” verbs with meanings like “to kill,” “to help,” “to escape,” etc. which prevent the directionality in “V2,” are employed, there were many instances in which the operation failed. On the other hand, when the “shita” form was used, the movement of “V1” expressed completion, and this stage and “V2” occur simultaneously. In this case,when the thing that indicates a new operation of “V2” is performed in response to the operation itself, in many cases “V1” can be completed. However, in the “V1” and “V2” of “V1 tokorowo V2,” time characteristics are not always established. When thought verbs such as “to think” and “to imagine” are employed in the role of “V2,” time relationships are not always represented. In “V1 tokorowo V2,” the phenomenon that “V2” expresses is referred to by “simultaneous time relations” “V1”. This “synchronism” is divided into the case that ② overlaps catalytically when the phenomenon that “V2” expresses in terms of time completely,① with “V1” coming at the same time. ①The perception activity verbs “to hear,” and “to look” express “now” and the concrete phenomenon of “here,” and thus can easily be used as “V2” in the form of the verb “shiteiru” in は “V1”. The “shita” form of “suru” in “V1” is replaced with the form of “shiteiru”. ②When “suru, shita,” in capturing movement, is used for は “V1,” and uses the “suru” form, the movement of “V1” expresses non-completion, and stage and “V2” are simultaneous. In this case, when “V1” verbs with meanings like “to kill,” “to help,” “to escape,” etc. which prevent the directionality in “V2,” are employed, there were many instances in which the operation failed. On the other hand, when the “shita” form was used, the movement of “V1” expressed completion, and this stage and “V2” occur simultaneously. In this case,when the thing that indicates a new operation of “V2” is performed in response to the operation itself, in many cases “V1” can be completed. However, in the “V1” and “V2” of “V1 tokorowo V2,” time characteristics are not always established. When thought verbs such as “to think” and “to imagine” are employed in the role of “V2,” time relationships are not always represented. Additionally,in the instance in which the “tokoro” in “tokorowo” indicates a concrete space, because “V1” takes on an adjective-like role in identifying location, the inability to express a time relationship has also been pointed out.

「NP1のNP2」に対応する韓国語名詞句の考察

김수진,데라이히로미 한국일어교육학회 2014 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.30

西山(2003)では、日本語の名詞句「NP1のNP2」をA~Eの5つのタイプに分類して考察を行っている。本稿では、西山(2003)のグルーピングにしたがって韓国語の名詞句を分類し、①「의」が必須になる場合、②「의」が不必要な場合、③「의」が任意となる場合の3つの観点からその分布を考察した。その結果、NP1とNP2との間に「関係Rを有する」という意味関係が成り立つタイプ[A]と、NP1が特定の時間領域を表し、NP2の指示対象をその領域のなかで固定するタイプ[C]では、①②③の全てのタイプが存在することが分かった。「NP1デアルNP2」のように同格を表すタイプ[B]では、「딸 희원(娘であるヒウォン)」と「혼돈의 상태(混沌である状態)」を区分して考察を行い、これが「의」の介入に影響していることを確認した。非飽和名詞のNP2とそのパラメータの値をNP1が表すタイプ[D]では、①と③のタイプが存在し、②の「의」が不必要な場合は見当たらなかった。タイプ[E]では、行為名詞であるNP2が格項目としてNP1をとり、そのNP1に対象と主体が用いられることが西山(2003)で指摘されている。しかし、韓国語の名詞句との対照の結果、NP1が主体を表す場合は「의」が必須となり、NP1が対象を表す場合は「의」が任意となることが分かった。さらに、主体でも対象でもない成分がNP1に使用される場合があり、そのときは「의」が不必要になることが確認できた。

「NP1のNP2」에 대응하는 한국어명사구에 관한 고찰

김수진 ( Soo Jin Kim ),데라이히로미 ( Hiromi Terai ) 한국일어교육학회 2014 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.30

니시야마(2003)에서는, 일본어 명사구「NP1のNP2」를 A~E의 5개 유형으로 분류하여 고찰을 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 니시야마(2003)의 분류를 따라 한국어 명사구를 분류하고, ①「의」가 필수인 경우, ②「의」가 불필요한 경우, ③「의」가 임의가 되는 경우의 세 관점으로부터 그 분포를 고찰하였다. 그 결과, NP1이 NP2와 「관계 R를 갖는다」라는 의미관계가 성립하는 유형[A]와 NP1이 특정의 시간영역을 나타내고, 지시대상 NP2를 그 영역 안에서 고정하는 유형[C]에서는, ①②③의 모든 경우가 존재하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 「NP1デアル NP2」」와 같이 동격을 나타내는 유형[B]에서는, 「딸 희원」과「혼돈의 상태」를 구분하여 고찰함에 따라 「의」의 개입이 영향을 받는 것을 확인했다. 비포화명사 NP2와 그 파라메터 NP1을 나타내는 유형[D]에서는, ①과 ③유형은 존재하나, ②의 「의」가 불필요한 경우는 현재 실례를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 유형[E]에서는 행위명사인 NP2가 격으로 NP1을 취하는 것으로, 그 NP1에 대상과 주체가 사용되어지는 것을 니시야마(2003)에서 지적하고 있다. 그러나, 한국어 명사구와의 대조 결과, NP1이 주체를 나타내는 경우는 「의」가 필수가 되고, NP1이 대상을 나타내는 경우는 「의」가 임의가 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 나아가, 주체도 대상도 아닌 성분이 NP1에 사용되는 경우가 있는데, 이 경우에는 「의」가 불필요하게 되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 西山(2003)では、日本語の名詞句「NP1のNP2」をA~Eの5つのタイプに分類して考察を行っている。本稿では、西山(2003)のグ兒一ピングにしたがって韓國語の名詞句を分類し、壹「의」が必須になる場合、二「의」が不必要な場合、③「의」が任意之なる場合の3つの觀點からその分布を考察した。その結果、NP1之NP2之の間に「關系Rを有する」之いう意味關系が成り立つタイプ[A]之、NP1が特定の時間領域を表し、NP2の指示對象をその領域のなかで固定するタイプ[C]では、壹二③の全てのタイプが存在するこ之が分かった。「NP1デア兒NP2」のように同格を表すタイプ[B]では、「딸 희원(娘であるヒウォン)」之「혼돈의 상태(混돈である狀態)」を區分して考察を行い、これが「의」の介入に影響しているこ之を確認した。非飽和名詞のNP2之そのパラメ一タの値をNP1が表すタイプ[D]では、壹之③のタイプが存在し、二の「의」が不必要な場合は見當たらなかった。タイプ[E]では、行爲名詞であるNP2が格項目之してNP1を之り、そのNP1に對象之主體が用いられるこ之が西山(2003)で指摘されている。しかし、韓國語の名詞句之の對照の結果、NP1が主體を表す場合は「의」が必須之なり、NP1が對象を表す場合は「의」が任意之なるこ之が分かった。さらに、主體でも對象でもない成分がNP1に使用される場合があり、その之きは「의」が不必要になるこ之が確認できた。

項構造をもつ名詞句「NP1のNP2」におけるNP2の硏究-NP2の形態的,意味的特徵を中心に-

김수진 ( Soojin Kim ),데라이히로미 ( Terai Hiromi ) 한국일본어교육학회 2016 日本語敎育 Vol.0 No.76

This research is part of the effort to systematically present the characteristics and differences between Japanese and Korean noun phrases (NP) by conducting a contrastive analysis of the NP ``NP2 of NP1`` of both languages. The features of NP2 examined were limited to the cases in which the NP1 within Japanese noun phrase is interpreted as the case of action noun NP2. The study provided an overview of NP2 used in the NP ``NP2 of NP1`` with clause structure; moreover, the methods of verbalization and types of nouns were covered in terms of form. Additionally, the semantic characteristics in the perspective of temporal localization were examined. In previous research of NP with clause structure, the primary focus was on adding スル to NP2, for which a Chinese noun is placed to interpret the case relation with NP1. However, it was confirmed through this research that nouns derived from verbs, Japanese proper nouns, or foreign words may also take place where a noun occupies the position of NP2, in addition to Chinese nouns. Furthermore, based on the fact that the nouns taking place in NP2 are verbal nouns which require the case of NP1, it was found that verbal nouns show "movement," "condition," "existence," and "relation" through a semantic interpretation together with NP1.