논문연구 포스터 : DNA microarray를 이용한 인간 치주인대세포의 광물화 과정에 강하게 발현되는 유전자들에 대한 연구

노우창,박진우,이재목,서조영 대한치주과학회 2009 대한치주과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2009 No.1

포스터-논문연구 : 치주인대세포의 광물화 과정시 발현되는 유전자들에 대한 상호비교

노우창,박진우,이재목,서조영 대한치주과학회 2010 대한치주과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2008 No.2

Analysis of gene expression during mineralization of cultured human periodontal ligament cells

최희동,노우창,박진우,이재목,서조영 대한치주과학회 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.1

Purpose: Under different culture conditions, periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells are capable of differentiating into cementoblast-like cells, adipocytes, and collagen-forming cells. Several previous studies reported that because of the stem cells in the PDL, the PDL have a regenerative capacity which, when appropriately triggered, participates in restoring connective tissues and mineralized tissues. Therefore, this study analyzed the genes involved in mineralization during differentiation of human PDL (hPDL) cells, and searched for candidate genes possibly associated with the mineralization of hPDL cells. Methods: To analyze the gene expression pattern of hPDL cells during differentiation, the hPDL cells were cultured in two conditions, with or without osteogenic cocktails (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid and dexamethasone), and a DNA microarray analysis of the cells cultured on days 7 and 14 was performed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the DNA microarray data. Results: The up-regulated genes on day 7 by hPDL cells cultured in osteogenic medium were thought to be associated with calcium/iron/metal ion binding or homeostasis (PDE1A, HFE and PCDH9) and cell viability (PCDH9), and the down-regulated genes were thought to be associated with proliferation (PHGDH and PSAT1). Also, the up-regulated genes on day 14 by hPDL cells cultured in osteogenic medium were thought to be associated with apoptosis, angiogenesis (ANGPTL4 and FOXO1A), and adipogenesis (ANGPTL4 and SEC14L2), and the down-regulated genes were thought to be associated with cell migration (SLC16A4). Conclusions: This study suggests that when appropriately triggered, the stem cells in the hPDL differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts, and the genes related to calcium binding (PDE1A and PCDH9), which were strongly expressed at the stage of matrix maturation, may be associated with differentiation of the hPDL cells into osteoblasts/cementoblasts.

Gene expression pattern during osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells in vitro

최미혜,노우창,박진우,이재목,서조영 대한치주과학회 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.4

Purpose: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell differentiation into osteoblasts is important in bone formation. Bone formation is a complex biological process and involves several tightly regulated gene expression patterns of bone-related proteins. The expression patterns of bone related proteins are regulated in a temporal manner both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to observe the gene expression profile in PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. Methods: PDL cells were grown until confluence, which were then designated as day 0, and nodule formation was induced by the addition of 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 100 nM dexamethasone to the medium. The dishes were stained with Alizarin Red S on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of various genes on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Results: On day 0 with a confluent monolayer, in the active proliferative stage, c-myc gene expression was observed at its maximal level. On day 7 with a multilayer, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and BMP-4 gene expression had increased and this was followed by maximal expression of osteocalcin on day 14 with the initiation of nodule mineralization. In relationship to apoptosis, c-fos gene expression peaked on day 21 and was characterized by the post-mineralization stage. Here, various genes were regulated in a temporal manner during PDL fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization. The gene expression pattern was similar. Conclusions: We can speculate that the gene expression pattern occurs during PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. On the basis of these results, it might be possible to understand the various factors that influence PDL cell proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization with regard to gene expression patterns. Purpose: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cell differentiation into osteoblasts is important in bone formation. Bone formation is a complex biological process and involves several tightly regulated gene expression patterns of bone-related proteins. The expression patterns of bone related proteins are regulated in a temporal manner both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study was to observe the gene expression profile in PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization in vitro. Methods: PDL cells were grown until confluence, which were then designated as day 0, and nodule formation was induced by the addition of 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, and 100 nM dexamethasone to the medium. The dishes were stained with Alizarin Red S on days 1, 7, 14, and 21. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of various genes on days 0, 1, 7, 14, and 21. Results: On day 0 with a confluent monolayer, in the active proliferative stage, c-myc gene expression was observed at its maximal level. On day 7 with a multilayer, alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, and BMP-4 gene expression had increased and this was followed by maximal expression of osteocalcin on day 14 with the initiation of nodule mineralization. In relationship to apoptosis, c-fos gene expression peaked on day 21 and was characterized by the post-mineralization stage. Here, various genes were regulated in a temporal manner during PDL fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization. The gene expression pattern was similar. Conclusions: We can speculate that the gene expression pattern occurs during PDL cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. On the basis of these results, it might be possible to understand the various factors that influence PDL cell proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization with regard to gene expression patterns.

Comparative study on the cellular activities of osteoblast-like cells and new bone formation of anorganic bone mineral coated with tetra-cell adhesion molecules and synthetic cell binding peptide

유현석,서조영,노우창,박진우,이재목,양동준,박광범 대한치주과학회 2011 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.41 No.6

Purpose: We have previously reported that tetra-cell adhesion molecule (T-CAM) markedly enhanced the differentiation of osteoblast-like cells grown on anorganic bone mineral (ABM). T-CAM comprises recombinant peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence in the tenth type III domain, Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) sequence in the ninth type III domain of fibronectin (FN), and the Glu-Pro-Asp-Ilu-Met (EPDIM) and Tyr-His (YH) sequence in the fourth fas-1 domain of βig-h3. Therefore,the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cellular activity of osteoblast-like cells and the new bone formation on ABM coated with T-CAM, while comparing the results with those of synthetic cell binding peptide (PepGen P-15). Methods: To analyze the cell viability, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed, andto analyze gene expression, northernblot was performed. Mineral nodule formations were evaluated using alizarin red stain. The new bone formations of each group were evaluated using histologic observation and histomorphometrc analysis. Results: Expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA was similar in all groups on days 10 and 20. The highest expression of osteopontin mRNA was observed in the group cultured with ABM/P-15, followed by those with ABM/T-CAM and ABM on days 20 and 30. Little difference was seen in the level of expression of collagen type I mRNA on the ABM, ABM/T-CAM, and ABM/P-15 cultured on day 20. There were similar growth and proliferation patterns for the ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15. The halo of red stain consistent with Ca²+ deposition was wider and denser around ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15 particles than around the ABM particles. The ABM/T-CAM group seemed to have bone forming bioactivity similar to that of ABM/P-15. A complete bony bridge was seen in two thirds of the defects in the ABM/T-CAM and ABM/P-15 groups. Conclusions: ABM/T-CAM, which seemed to have bone forming bioactivity similar to ABM/P-15, was considered to serve as effective tissue-engineered bone graft material.

수종의 탈단백 우골 이식재의 특성 비교 분석

여신일,박성환,노우창,박진우,이재목,서조영,Yeo, Shin-Il,Park, Sung-Hwan,Noh, Woo-Chang,Park, Jin-Woo,Lee, Jae-Mok,Suh, Jo-Young 대한치주과학회 2009 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: Deproteinized bovine bone substitutes are commonly used in dental regenerative surgery for treatment of alveolar defects. In this study, three different bovine bone minerals - OCS-B (NIBEC, Seoul, Korea), Bio-Oss (Geistlich - Pharma, Switzerland), Osteograft/N - 300 (OGN, Dentsply Friadent Ceramed. TN, USA) - were investigated to analyze the basic characteristics of commercially available bone substitutes. Methods: Their physicochemical properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), surface area analysis, and Kjeldahl protein analysis. Cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human osteosarcoma cells on different bovine bone minerals were evaluated. Results: Three kinds of bone substitutes displayed different surface properties. Ca/P ratio of OCS - B shown to be lower than other two bovine bone minerals in EDS analysis. Bio-Oss had wider surface area and lower amount of residual protein than OCS - B and OGN. In addition Bio - Oss was proved to have lower cell proliferation and ALP activity due to lots of residual micro particles, compared with OCS - B and OGN. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, three bovine bone minerals that produced by similar methods appear to have different property and characteristics. It is suggested that detailed studies and quality management is needed in operations for dental use and its biological effects on new bone formation.

cDNA microarray에 의한 치주인대세포의 광물화 결절형성에 관여하는 유전자들의 분석

신재희,박진우,여신일,노우창,김문규,김정철,서조영 대한치주과학회 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.5

cDNA microarray에 의한 치주인대세포의 광물화 결절형성에 관여하는 유전자들의 분석

Identification of Matrix Mineralization-Related Genes in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Using cDNA Microarray

신재희,박진우,여신일,노우창,김문규,김정철,서조영,Shin, Jae-Hee,Park, Jin-Woo,Yeo, Shin-Il,Noh, Woo-Chang,Kim, Moon-Kyu,Kim, Jung-Chul,Suh, Jo-Young The Korean Academy of Periodontoloy 2007 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.37 No.2

치주인대세포는 시험관적 실험에서 광물화 결절형성을 유도할 수 있으므로 광물화 결절형성에 관여하는 유전자들을 특이하게 발현할 것으로 여겨진다. 이에 본 실험은 cDNA microarray를 이용한 동시 유전자분석을 시행하여 치주인대세포의 분화에 의한 광물화 결절형성시 나타나는 유전자의 특징적 발현 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 교정치료를 목적으로 경북대학교병원에 내원한 환자의 제일소구치를 발치하여 통상적 방법으로 치주인대세포를 분리, 배양하였고, 3세대의 치주인대세포를 사용하여 실험을 시행하였다. 치주인대세포를 100mm 배양접시에 넣고 배양하여 매 2일 마다 배지를 교환해 주고, 10% FBS만을 투여한 대조군으로, ascorbic acid $(50\;{\mu}g/ml)$, ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ (10 mM) 및 100 nM dexamethasone을 투여한 군을 실험군으로 하였다. 배양된 치주인대세포에 ascorbic acid, ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$, 그리고 dexamethasone을 투여한 실험군에서 21일째 광물화된 결정을 관찰할 수 있었으나 대조군에서는 관찰할 수 없었다. 3063개의 유전자를 분석한 결과 35개 유전자가 대조군에 비해 2배이상 발현이 증가하였고, 38개 유전자는 2배이상 발현이 감소하였다. 형태학적 검사에서 보여준 바와 같이 광물화 형성과정시 관여하는 JGF-2과 IGFBP2와 같은 유전자가 실험군에서 증가하였으며, 세포골격과 세포외기질 형성에 관여하는 proteogycan 1, fibulin-5, keratin 5, ${\beta}-actin$, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, capping protein 등도 발현이 실험군에서 증가하였다. 한편 periostin and S100 calcium-binding protein A4는 대조군에서 오히려 높게 나타나므로 이는 배양된 치주인대세포가 그 자체의 표현형을 유지하고 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 그 외 apoptosis를 유발시키는데 관여하는 Dkk-1와 Nip3는 실험군에서 높게 발현되었고, apoptosis를 억제시키는데 관여하는 Btf와 TAX1BP1는 오히려 낮게 발현됨을 알 수 있으므로 이는 실험군에서 치주인대세포가 골아세포로의 분화되었음을 나타낸다. Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells have been known as multipotential cells, and as playing an important rolesin periodontal regeneration. The PDL cells are composed of heterogeneous cell populations which have the capacity to differentiate into either cementoblasts or osteoblasts, depending on needs and conditions. Therefore, PDL cells have the capacity to produce mineralized nodules in vitro in mineralization medium which include ascorbic acid, ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone. In spite of these well-known osteoblast like properties of PDL cells, very little is known about the molecules involved in the formation of the mineralized nodules in the PDL cells. In the present study, we analysed gene-expression profiles during the mineralization process of cultured PDL cells by means of a cDNA microarray consisting of 3063 genes. Nodules of mineralized matrix were strongly stained with alizarin red S on the PDL cells cultured in the media with mineralization supplements. Among 3,063 genes analyzed, 35 were up-regulated more than two-fold at one or more time points in cells that developed matrix mineralization nodules, and 38 were down-regulated to less than half their normal level of expression. In accord with the morphological change we observed, several genes related to calcium-related or mineral metabolism were induced in PDL cells during osteogenesis, such as IGF-II and IGFBP-2. Proteogycan 1, fibulin-5, keratin 5, ,${\beta}$-actin, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin and capping protein, and cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix proteins were up-regulated during mineralization. Several genes encoding proteins related to apoptosis weredifferentially expressed in PDL cells cultured in the medium containing mineralization supplements. Dkk-I and Nip3, which are apoptosis-inducing agents, were up-regulated, and Btf and TAXlBP1, which have an anti-apoptosis activity, were down-regulated during mineralization. Also periostin and S100 calciumbinding protein A4 were down-regulated during mineralization.