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저장 기간에 따른 귤피(橘皮) Ethanol 추출물의 간 보호효과
노규표 ( Gyu Pyo Noh ),조일제 ( Il Je Cho ),박정아 ( Chung A Park ),김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ),변성희 ( Sung Hui Byun ),박숙자 ( Sook Jahr Park ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2016 제한동의학술원논문집 Vol.14 No.1
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the change of hepatoprotective activity depending on the storage period of CEE (ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp). Methods : Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp was washed, sliced and dried for 7 days at room temperature, and it was considered as zero month time. Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp was further stored for 2, 4 and 6 months in the dry oven, which was set to 30℃. Hepatotoxicity was induced by exposing HepG2 cells to 100 μM cadmium for 3 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Results : CEE showed hepatoprotective effect better than water extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp in cadmium-treated HepG2 cells. Thus, we performed the cytoprotective efficacy experiment using CEE. Significant hepatoprotective activity was found in the all concentrations of CEE used in the experiment (10, 30, 100 ㎍/㎖). Depending on the prolonged storage period, CEE showed slightly weak hepatoprotective effect on average. However, there was no statistical significance in the change of hepatoprotective effect. Conclusions : CEE showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, and the significant difference in activity over storage time was not found. In conclusion, CEE can be used without change in activity, even if stored for 6 months at room temperature. In addition, the storage time of more than 6 months is recommended, to determine that the activity of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp is better depending on the storage period.
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카드뮴으로 인한 마우스 간 손상에 대한 진피의 보호효과
노규표 ( Gyu Pyo Noh ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ),김재광 ( Jae Kwang Kim ),박상미 ( Sang Mi Park ),박숙자 ( Sook Jahr Park ),김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
Objective : Citri Unshius Pericarpium (Citrus unshiu peel) has been used in Korean medicine to treat indigestion, vomiting, coughing and phlegm. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) in cadmium (CdCl2)-treated mouse model. Methods : CEE was dissolved in water and administered orally to mice once a day for 7 consecutive days. The mice were then exposed to a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cadmium (4 ㎎/㎏ body weight) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver tissue samples were collected, analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and histopathological evaluation. Liver damage was assessed as the percentage of degenerative areas of the hepatic parenchyma, the number of degenerative hepatocytes, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Results : In cadmium-treated rats, pretreatment with CEE significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels associated with liver damage. Histopathologically, CEE prevented degenerative changes on the hepatic tissues including confluent necrosis, congestions and infiltration of inflammatory cells. CEE also reduced the elevation of oxidative stress markers (nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal) and apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP) positive cells. PARP protein expression in liver tissue was also restored by CEE. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects against cadmium-induced liver injury. Thus, it can be concluded that CEE can be used to prevent liver damage caused by cadmium.
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노규표 ( Gyu Pyo Noh ),변성희 ( Sung Hui Byun ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ),박숙자 ( Sook Jahr Park ),김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.1
Objective : Citrus unshiu peel (Citri Unshius Pericarpium) has been prescribed to suppress coughing and phlegm in Korean medicine. In this study, the effect of ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu peel (CEE) on apoptosis was investigated using cadmium chloride (CdCl2) treated HepG2 cells. Methods : CEE was prepared by extracting 300 g of Citri Unshius Pericarpium in 3 L of ethanol for 72 h. Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL assay. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored using the membranepermeable fluorescent dye Rh123. The expression level of each protein was monitored by Western blot analysis. Results : CEE protected HepG2 cells from apoptosis as determined by the TUNEL assay. A decrease in MMP was observed in cells exposed to cadmium, indicating that mitochondria are involved in the induction of apoptosis. However, CEE recovered the reduction in MMP caused by cadmium. In addition, decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), procaspase, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by cadmium was increased by CEE. The anti-apoptotic effect of CEE was found to be associated with inhibition of JNK and p38 phosphorylation when examining the expression of phosphorylated MAPK by Western blot. Conclusion : This study showed that CEE exerted anti-apoptotic effects in cadmium-induced HepG2 cells by inhibiting the reduction of MMP and changes in the expression level of apoptotic proteins. These results suggest the potential for CEE to be used for heavy metal-induced liver damage.
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NF-κB 저해를 통한 브로콜리 잎 추출물의 PGE<sub>2</sub> 저해효과
박숙자 ( Sook Jahr Park ),안이슬 ( Iseul An ),노규표 ( Gyu Pyo Noh ),유병혁 ( Byung Hyuk Yoo ),이종록 ( Jong Rok Lee ) 대한본초학회 2019 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.34 No.6
Objective : Broccoli is edible green plant that has a wide variety of health benefits including cancer prevention and cholesterol reduction. However, leaves of broccoli are not eaten and are mostly left as waste. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the broccoli leaf extract (BLE) on prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) production related to nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Methods : BLE was prepared by extracting dried leaf with ethanol. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PGE<sub>2</sub> and inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression level of each protein was monitored by Western blot analysis. Results : In LPS-activated Raw264.7 cells, PGE<sub>2</sub> release into culture medium was dramatically enhanced compared to control cells. However, increased PGE<sub>2</sub> was attenuated dose-dependently by treatment with BLE. Inhibition of PGE<sub>2</sub> production by BLE was due to the suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression determined by Western blot analysis. BLE also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Inhibition at PGE<sub>2</sub> and cytokine was mediated from inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-κB due to the repression of inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation. Conclusion : This study showed that BLE exerted inhibitory activities against PGE<sub>2</sub>, which is critical for the initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses, and that inhibition of PGE<sub>2</sub> was mediated by suppression of NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that the waste broccoli leaves could be used for controlling inflammation.
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