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近代鉱業と植民地朝鮮社会 :李鐘萬の大同鉱業と雑誌『鉱業朝鮮』を中心に
나가사와 카즈에 한림대학교 일본학연구소 2016 翰林日本學 Vol.0 No.29
This paper attempts to re-examine the social aspects of the mining industry, a key industry in the 20th century regarding to the problem modern development brought to the Chosun Korea colonial society. For Modern Japan, a late-capitalist state at the time, the modern mining industry was monopolized in terms of capital and technology by Imperial Japanese government as a national policy, and has been doing resource developments. Yet as another feature, it is pointed out that social elements such as labor protection or environmental preservation also led to suppression and exclusion. In such circumstances, this paper investigates factors throughout the progression process of the modern mining industry. Particularly, it looks at how structural defects involved with the Imperial Japanese mining industry system which could have had some impact to the mining industry structure, which eventually led to a social formation under the Colonial Chosun State. However, besides those government body companies called the reserved mines by governor-general of Chosun or Imperial Japanese large capitals, a number of mining companies were established with ownerships of Chosun Korean civilians, were able to acquire mineral rights in Chosun Korea at the time. Among those, there were people well known for advancing social activities by serving as attorney operations, education and journalism powered by funds gained through the mining business. Especially, against social condition and reinforcement of the mobilization policy for miners under the system of the product gold law during the Sino-Japanese War, this paper focuses on the mining business of Daidou Kogyo Company (Daidou Mining Company) by Lee Jung Man who was a mining magnate also known as a national activist, examining his resistance, purpose and goal for the labor society creations through the self-employed business model of Daidou Kogyo Company. 近代開発が植民地社会にもたらす問題について、20世紀の基幹産業であった鉱業を取り上げ、その社会的側面に焦点を当てて再考察することが本報告の課題である。後発資本主義国家として出発した近代日本では、近代鉱業は国策として政府が資本と技術を独占して資源開発を行う一方、労働保護や環境保全といった社会的要素に対しては抑圧と排除を加えたことが特徴として指摘される。こうした本国日本での近代鉱業が内包する構造的欠陥が植民地における鉱業体制、ひいては社会形成にどのような影響を及ぼしたのかについて、近代鉱業制度の実施過程を通して検討する。 また、植民地期の朝鮮では民間人が鉱業権を取得することが可能であったため、朝鮮総督府の保留鉱山や日本大資本鉱業会社だけでなく、民間の朝鮮人による鉱山経営も多く行われ、その中には鉱山経営で得た資金をもとに弁護士活動や学校経営、新聞社経営など社会活動を行う者がいたことが知られている。本報告では、民族運動家として知られる鉱山王の李鍾萬の大同鉱業会社の鉱山経営を取り上げ、とくに日中戦争期の産金体制下における鉱山労働者への動員政策の強化といった情勢に対して、大同鉱山の自営方式を通してどのような抵抗を試みたのか、そしてどのような労働社会の創造を目指したのかについて考察する。
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