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김태환(Ким Тхэхван) 동아시아재단 2006 동아시아협의회 보고서(CEAA Report) Vol.- No.-
The Council on East Asian Affairs(CEAA), launched in 2005 as a multinational membership-based, non-governmental organization under the sponsorship of the East Asia Foundation(EAF),* convened the first Korea-Russia CEAA Seminar on the topic of “Russia-Korea Cooperation for Peace and Prosperity in Northeast Asia.” The seminar was held on November 17, 2006 at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations(IMEMO) in Moscow. Around forty participants, drawn from the political, business, media and academic sectors of both countries, discussed and exchanged views on issues of regional importance. The one day seminar consisted of three sessions, the first two of which dealt with Korea-Russia economic cooperation in regional and sectoral dimensions, respectively, while the last session was devoted to the topic of security cooperation in the regional context. Session Summary The first session assessed Korea-Russia bilateral economic relations in the context of Northeast Asian regional economic cooperation. Participants from both sides probed the ways in which bilateral cooperation between the two countries contributes to regional economic integration. Energy security was one of the issues that attracted the most attention of the participants. ? A Russian participant, in presenting his paper, made it clear that Russia had already begun to divert attention from Europe to Asia as its newly diversified oil and gas export markets. It was President Putin’s firm policy stance that energy pipelines should be extended to Russia’s Far East, and further to Northeast Asian countries. This should be done not only to facilitate development of East Siberia and the Far Eastern region, but also to avoid dependence on Chinese and European markets. ? A Korean participant raised the issue of the lack of trilateral or multilateral cooperation between Korea, Japan and China, all of which share low energy self-sufficiency and high dependence on fossil fuels imported from the Middle East. The resurgence of Russia as a new energy power certainly creates a potential alternative source of energy for Northeast Asian countries, opening a horizon of multilateral energy cooperation. The presenter observed that there were some elements of uncertainty, however, that need to be properly addressed before the potential multilateral energy cooperation is realized. Firstly, no concrete progress has been made thus far in the construction of long-distance oil and gas pipelines to Russia’s Far Eastern region and to Northeast Asian countries. While financing of the pipeline projects, at an estimated cost of US$20-30 billon, is yet to be declared, there is some concern over whether there are sufficient energy resources in the region enough to make the projects economically viable. Secondly, Russia’s bilateral, rather than multilateral, approach to its development of energy resources is in fact amplifying (or even utilizing) competition and conflict between Northeast Asian countries, particularly between China and Japan. It is critical, the Korean presenter pointed out, that not only does Russia make sincere efforts to clarify these elements of uncertainty, but furthermore that it takes proactive initiative in building a regional energy security regime. The second session narrowed the focus of discussion down to bilateral economic cooperation in specific sectors. ? A Korean participant presented on Korea-Russia economic cooperation in the automobile industry. He observed that Korean car companies did not maintain manufacturing facilities in Russia, supplying Russian markets with locally assembled products while Hyundai Motors, a Korean automobile manufacturer, took up a leading position in Russia’s imported car markets, selling ninety thousand cars a year. The presenter emphasized that Korean car companies aggressively increase investment
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