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김주권(Zu-Kweon Kim),전용욱(Yong-Wook Jun),김두갑(Deu-Kab Kim) 한국무역연구원 2010 貿易 硏究 Vol.6 No.1
Multinational enterprises (MNEs) can be classified into 3 generations. The first generation includes MNEs from North America, Europe and Japan. The MNEs from North America and Europe advent after the second industrial revolution of the late 19th century, and MNEs from Japan joined the first generation after the early 1970s (Chandler, 1990; Kindleberger, 1969). The first generationMNEs expanded their businesses globally based on the exploitation of their intangible assets such as higher technologies, brand and management know-how. The second generation MNEs are from Asian Tiger economies based onthe industrialization during the 1960s and 1970s (Lall, 1983; Kumar & Mcleod, 1981). The major motive of globalization of the second generationMNEs was to reduce production costs, and their global expansions were stimulated by their governments (push factor) to overcome domestic market saturation. The third generation MNEs are newly introduced MNEs from emerging markets from the 1990s (Yeung, 1994). Even though these third generation MNEs did not have more technological advances, brand and management know-how than those of the first and second generation MNEs, their corporate governance based on government supportsand family orientations could be major impetus to become competitive global players. Based on the case study of Samsung Electronics Company’s globalization strategy, we conclude that some of the major reasons for the success of Samsung Electronics Company could be the development of a strong network between productionsin emerging economies, and sales in developed economies. Also, we can assume that the globalization strategies of the third generation MNEs seem to implement Samsung Electronics Company’s strategies of the 1990s and 2000s simultaneously. As a result, the key point to make a successful story just like SEC’s is how much and rapidly the MNEs internalize the acquired technologies and management know-how from the outside.
총무역(Gross Trade)과 부가가치 무역(Trade in Value Added, TiVA) 데이터 비교연구
김주권(Zu-Kweon Kim) 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.4
One of the most important changes in global business is that global value chains are more fragmented and expanding simultaneously. To explain these complicated international business activities, the OECD-WTO initiated a project to develop a new data set called trade in value added (TiVA) because traditional trade data measured by gross flows of goods and services each and every time they cross borders may provide inappropriate information. This study calculated Korean manufacturing’s export competitiveness based on the trade specification index and revealed comparative advantages that compare different outcomes using traditional trade data and TiVA. Although TiVA may be more relevant in explaining current trade activities at some point, more studies will be required to refine the use of TiVA as a fundamental data set to help develop firm strategies and governmental policies.
김주권(Zu-Kweon Kim),김추연(Choo-Yeon Kim) 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.6
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to shed new light on the impacts of FDI by multinational corporations on the economic growth of the host country. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study compares and analyzes the different impacts of existing FDI inflows and local added value creation of multinational corporations on the per capita national income of the host country. In addition, this study conducted a fixed-effects panel model analysis on a sample of 42 countries from 2005 to 2016 of the OECD's Analytical AMNE database. Findings – First, as a result of panel analysis of a fixed-effect model that controlled for the effects of individual countries and major macroeconomic and policy variables, the share of local value-added creation of subsidiaries of multinational corporations had a significant positive impact on the growth of per capita income in each country, but the share of FDI inflows did not have a statistically significant impact on the growth of per capita national income. Second, the results of analysis by dividing the sample into developed and developing countries also confirmed that the share of local value-added creation of subsidiaries of multinational corporations has a positive effect on economic growth in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the impact of FDI on economic growth is greater in developing countries than in developed countries. On the other hand, the share of FDI inflows had a positive effect on the economic growth of developing countries, but had no significant effect on the economic growth of developed countries. Research Implications – In identifying the relationship between FDI and national economic growth, it was confirmed that the use of the OECD's Analytical AMNE statistics is more appropriate than traditional FDI data.
신흥국 가전시장의 이질성과 한국계 전자기업의 현지화에 관한 소고(小考)
김장훈(Jang hoon Kim),김주권(Zu Kweon Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.1
This paper intends to shed light on Korean MNE localization among emerging countries. Put it simply, it tries to compare localization strategy between Samsung Electronics(hereafter SEC) and LG Electronics(hereafter LGE) in accordance with product market heterogeneity. There has been a little research on the topic in which localization is to be studied by product market and subsidiary. Micro institution perspective is shown to elicit the relationship between product market characteristics and subsidiary's localization in China and India. In the real world, micro environment as an informal institution seems to be the infrastructure of a product market in terms of consumption, consumer needs, competitive forces and dominant local player. Under such circumstances, this study analyzed the localization case of SEC and LGE which have made inroads in the Chinese and Indian white goods market. According to the results of the case analysis, we elaborated that the level of localization as a strategy can be dependent on the situation in the local product market. Moreover, findings implied that more locally responsive strategies are required to be suitable in a more heterogeneous product market. In conclusion, befitted localization process is indispensable in adapting to the nature of white goods market characteristics in emerging markets. Furthermore, localization is essential to tailor to the market in the early stage of market entry.