pH 변화가 붕어의 중금속 급성독성에 미치는 영향

김익수,변종각,김현용 ( Ick Soo Kim,Jong Gak Byun,Hyun Yong Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1994 생태와 환경 Vol.27 No.4

This study was performed to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of mercuric chloride(HgCl_2) and lead nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2) and cadmium shot as treatment chemicals in crucian carps (Carassius auratus) as a standard fish. In this acute toxicity study. LC_(50) values were determined and compared to the toxicity values of crucian carps with the pH values. In the range of acute lethal toxicity values for crucian carps, mercuric chlorides ranges 0.04-0.37mg/l, 0.07-0.66mg/l and 0.07-0.66mg/l at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9, respectively, and lead nitrate ranges 0.5-25mg/l at ph 4.5 and pH 5.8, and cadmium ranges 3-40mg/l at pH 4.5 and pH 6.2. The LC_(50) values of HgCl_2 during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour were determined at pH 5, pH 7 and pH 9. The LC_(50) values of Lead nitrate were determined at pH 4.8 and pH 5.8. The LC_(50) values of Cadmium were determined at pH 4.5 and pH 6.2. LC_(50) values decreased with exposure time. According to pH augmentation, the toxicity of mercury decreased, whereas the toxicity of lead and cadmium increased. The relative toxicity of each heavy metal for crucian carps is mercury, lead, cadmium in decreased ranking order.

수온변화 스트레스가 붕어의 무기수은 급성독성에 미치는 영향

김익수,배경석 ( Ick Soo Kim,Kyung Seok Bae ) 한국환경생물학회 1993 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The present study was performed to investigate the acute toxic effects of mercuric chloride (HgCl_2) and the accumulation concentrations in crucian carp, Carassius auratus as the water temperature changes. The results summarized were as follows. 1. The ranges of acute lethal toxicity for crucian carp were 0.2-2.2㎖/ℓ at water temperature 10℃ and 17℃, and 0.1-2.2㎖/ℓ at water temperature 24℃. 2. The LC_50 values of HgCl_2 were decreased when exposure time of HgCl2 go on increasing. The LC_50 values at water temperature 17℃ were higher than at water temperature 10℃ and 24℃. The LC_50 values at water temperature 10℃ were higher than at water temperature 24℃. 3. The LC_50 values of HgCl_2 for crucian carp during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour exposures at water temperature 10℃ were 1.11, 1.00, 0.87 and 0.61㎖/ℓ, respectively. The LC_50 values of HgCl_2 for crucian carp during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour exposures at water temperature 17℃ were 1.43, 1.17, 0.90 and 0.74㎖/ℓ, respectively. And the LC_50 value of HgCl_2 for crucian carp during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour exposures at water temperature 24℃ were 0.49, 0.37, 0.24 and 0.20㎖/ℓ, respectively. 4. In the 10㎖/ℓ treatment groups, the accumulation concentrations in the muscle of the crucian carp at 24, 48, 72 and 96hour exposure were 0.439, 0.611, 0.815 and 0.99ng/㎎ at water temperature 10℃ and 0.424, 0.548, 0.760 and 0.826ng/㎎ at water temperature 17℃ and 0.455, 0.692, 0.988 and 1.131ng/㎎ at water temperature 24℃, respectively.

조직생태학 관점에서 본 해외투자 자회사 사멸 요인에 관한 실증연구

김익수(Ick Soo Kim),한병섭(Byoung Sop Han) 한국경영학회 2005 經營學硏究 Vol.34 No.2

This research considers organizational ecology factors in examining the rate of failure of overseas investment subsidiaries in China. In order to analyze the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable of whether or not a business is liquidated, a binary logistics model with time varying covariates is used. For organizational density factors, the numbers of foreign firms, Chinese firms, Korean firms by region or city, industry, and year, and the squares of their values divided by 1,000 are used. Also, subsidiary size and age are used as organizational ecology variables in order to understand the liability of smallness and the liability of newness.The analysis shows that, in the case of density factors, the density level of Korean firms was negatively related to the failure rate of Korean subsidiaries. This is because, the number of Korean firms in the same industry is increasing, the probability of survival for firms in that industry and region is rising. But the density of korean firms has a non monotonic effect. This means that, although at the outset agglomeration of Korean companies has a positive influence, after a certain period of time the density leads to increases in competition (for example, competition for limited resources), which raises the possibility of withdrawal from the market. Although the existence of foreign firms was found to have no influence on the survival of Korean firms, this is because the locations of agglomeration of foreign and Korean firms are different. In general, foreign firms, particularly American, Japanese, Taiwanese, and Singapore firms, focus their investments in Guangdong, Beijing, and Shanghai. On the other hand, Korean investment focuses on the geographically adjacent region, in particular Sandong, Tianjin, Liaoning, and Heilong Jiang. In the case of density of Chinese firms, in all models it is found that this has no effect. Chinese firms, even today, are behind Korean firms in terms of technical know-how and management practices, and so their existence has no impact on the survival of Korean firms.Among other organizational ecology factors, as age increases, the probability of exit also increases, leading to the selection of a hypothesis concerning the liability of aging. In particular, it was found that there is a nonlinear relationship between age and subsidiary exit. For size factors, no relationship was found with subsidiary exit.

M&A방식을 통한 중국기업의 글로벌 전략에 관한 연구

김익수(Ick-Soo Kim),한병섭(Byoung-Sop Han),김병구(Byoung-Goo Kim) 한국무역학회 2008 貿易學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

膣 Trichomonas 症의 臨床的 觀察

金益洙(Ick Soo Kim) 서울대학교 보건환경연구소 1969 보건학논집 Vol.6 No.2

중국 기업의 국제화 전략 : 추진배경, 기대효과 및 한계 Backgrounds, ExAnte Rationale and ExPost Limitations

김익수 ( Ick Soo Kim ) 현대중국학회 2006 現代中國硏究 Vol.7 No.2

M&A 방식에 의한 중국 시장 진입: 현황과 전략적 시사점

김익수 ( Ick Soo Kim ),한병섭 ( Byoung Sop Han ),김병구 ( Byoung Goo Kim ) 한국국제통상학회 2007 국제통상연구 Vol.12 No.3

Al합급과 이종금속의 접합계면에서의 미세조직과 접합강도에 미치는 열처리조건의 영향

김익수 ( Ick Soo Kim ),최병영 ( Byung Young Choi ),강창룡 ( Chang Yong Kang ) 한국열처리공학회 2003 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

N/A The aluminum alloy which is light and has excellent thermal conductivity and iron base alloy that is remarkable heat-resistece and wear resistence properties were bonded together. The bond was created between a stationary and a rotating member by using the frictional heat generated between them while subjected to high normal forces on the interface of Al alloy and iron base alloy. The microstructure of the bonded interface of friction welding and the strength in the bonded interface formed under various bonding conditions were examined through TEM, SEM with EDX and triple bending test. In interface of bonding materials formed after various heat treatment, bonding strength was substantially different, resulting from formation of intermetallic compound or softening during annealing.

논문 : 상변태 ; 고강도 Fe-Cr-Mn-Co합금의 진동 감쇠능에 미치는 Co와 ε마르텐사이트의 영향

김익수 ( Ick Soo Kim ),서촌유평 ( Yuhei Nishimura ),이수민 ( Su Min Lee ),도변의견 ( Yoshimi Watanabe ),김주용 ( Joo Yong Kim ),정해룡 ( Hae Ryong Jung ),강창룡 ( Chang Yong Kang ),궁원일재 ( Kazuya Miyahara ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2007 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.45 No.7

중국 프랜차이즈 산업의 환경과 한국기업의 진입전략

김익수 ( Ick Soo Kim ) 현대중국학회 2009 現代中國硏究 Vol.11 No.1

중국 프랜차이즈 산업이 급성장하면서 한국과 외국 기업의 진입 노력이 확대되고 있다. 본 논문은 중국 내 프랜차이즈의 개념과 유형, 동 산업의 발전현황, 문제점 등을 종합적으로 분석한 다음, 기회요인과 위협요인으로 나누어 중국 프랜차이즈 시장 환경을 검토하고, 중국에 진출한 국내외 프랜차이즈 기업의 성공사례를 분석함으로써 중국 시장 진입을 희망하는 한국 프랜차이즈 업체들에게 유익한 전략적 시사점을 제공하고 있다. KFC, (주) 놀부, 파리바게뜨, 미스터피자 등 성공한 프랜차이즈 기업들의 대부분은 중국 시장환경, 법규, 문화를 사전에 철저히 조사하였고, 현지시장에 브랜드를 적응시키고 투자 리스크를 최소화하기 위해 `先직영 後가맹` 전략을 택하였다. 둘째, 성공기업들은 중국 프랜차이지와 가맹점주를 선정하는데 있어서도 자질, 신용, 경험을 중시하였으며, 엄격한 교육·훈련 과정을 거치도록 함으로써 서비스를 고급화하고 영업리스크를 줄이면서 글로벌 브랜드 이미지를 지키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성공기업들은 점포선정과 인적자원관리에 있어서도 과학적인 시스템을 채택하였으며, 중국인의 기호와 문화에 맞춰 제품과 메뉴, 서비스를 현지화·차별화하는데 중점을 두었다. 넷째, 성공한 기업들은 시장 지배적 지위를 이용해 단기적으로 이윤을 극대화하기 보다는 장기적 안목에서 서비스를 혁신하고 신노동계약법 등 관련 법규를 준수하며 중앙·지방정부, 현지사회, 소비자, 프랜차이지들과 좋은 관계를 유지함으로써 사회적 책임(CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility)을 다하고 있는 존경받는 기업이 되기 위해 노력하고 있었다. Foreign franchisers are intensifying their efforts to make entry into the fast-growing Chinese franchise market. This paper studies the current status, Chanactenistic features and the opportunity and risk factors of the Chinese franchise market, then discusses the cases of successful foreign entrants and finally draws some valuable strategic implications for prospective Korean franchisers, who wish to enter the market. The paper finds that the core strategies of successful foreign franchisers include followings. First, successful franchisers, after conducting thorough investigation into the market environment, tend to open direct management stores prior to establishing franchise chains. Their primary aim is to adjust themselves to the ever-changing Chinese market environment, while minimizing the investment and operational risks of the immature market fraught with opportunism, moral hazards, and the infringement of intellectual property rights. Second, successful foreign franchisers were very choosy in selecting their Chinese franchise partners and store managers and enforced strict guidelines for eligibility and education & training of franchisees and employees, etc. This way, they could keep their good brand image and global reputation. Third, most of successful entrants adopted scientific criteria when making decisions on location selection and training, They also endeavored to localize and differentiate the portfolio of products, services, and human resources in order to cater to the Chinese preference and needs. Last but not least, they tried to reposition themselves as socially responsible firms by abiding by the labor contract law and other relevant regulations, and to maintain good relationship with central and local governments, local community, consumers, and vendors.