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      • KCI등재

        페미니즘 비판의 경계를 넘어

        김민회(Kim, Min Hoe) 새한영어영문학회 2011 새한영어영문학 Vol.53 No.4

        Robert Elliot Fox and Bruce Allen Dick have contended that Reed’s seventh novel Reckless Eyeballing has weakened his literary authority achieved as a postmodernism writer for his later anti-feminist writing preferences found in his seventh novel. However, this essay attempts to discuss that their arguments with the novel somewhat overlook the diverse possibilities to understand the text within thematic multiplicity for their massive attention to the stereotyped image of Reed as an anti-feminist and misogynist. Reed reveals that Reckless Eyeballing is not the critical site of anti-feminist but the text of how to recover the African American historical event dishonestly manipulated by the mainstream and even put in the crisis of amnesiac state. Reed’s novel indeed reconsiders historical events such as the murder of a young African American Emmett Till and a Jewish American Leo Frank in a way to criticize the distortion and perversion of the ethnic American histories by the mainstream such as Becky French, satirical version of Susan Brownmiller and even their amnesiac state of minority histories. Creating a problematic African American character Ian Ball, Reed also presents the core issue of African American intellectual community whose all the problems with historical representations are closely related to the assimilation into the mainstream with success as a prominent writer. However, by suggesting Ball who has never been conversant with his own ethnic heritage and history, Reed stresses that it is essential for black intellectuals like Ball to (re)inscribe African American history in their mind with fully understanding it. In doing so, Reed believes that African American can be a proper subject to establish the truth of his or her own history as a way to resist the distortion and perversion of the history caused by the mainstream.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        숀 옹의『미국인의 무릎』: 남성 중심주의 해체와 그 가능성

        김민회 ( Min Hoe Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2014 영미문화 Vol.14 No.2

        Considered as the first generation of the Chinese American male writers, Shawn Wong has often been tagged with the male-centered or cultural nationalistic writer for his first short novel Homebase since the 1970s. He has, however, shifted his own gender and cultural attitudes toward his male character in his second novel American Knees, published in 1995. By focusing on his second novel, this paper examines how Wong critically reconsiders the male-centeredness and cultural nationalism in a way to invalidate them in relationships among male and female characters in the formation of the Chinese American male`s identity. Attempting to establish his own national and cultural identity as an American citizenship and the self-awareness of masculinity as a man, Rainsford Chan in Homebase believed that he could achieve his identity and masculinity with the chronological experiences related to his ancestors in American society. He even strictly erased the presence of female in his own identity formation. In doing so, he seemed to anchor his authorship at the discourse of the male-centeredness and cultural nationalist like other contemporary writers such as Frank Chin and Jeffrey Paul Chan who always strongly marked cultural tradition. By creating a non-conventional male character Raymond Ding with compromising and open-eared attitudes toward female characters, however, Wong dramatically changes the idea of representing the relationships between male and female characters in American Knees. In this novel, he suggests that the male character` identity can be properly formed not in the extreme reinforcement of masculinity or the ethnic-based cultural awareness but with the mutual understanding between male and female individuals regardless of ethnic and nationalistic biases. Consequently, Wong attempts to bail out of the male-centered images of the first generation of the Chinese American male writers through Raymond Ding.

      • KCI등재

        프랭크 친의『도널드 덕』(Donald Duk): 남성성을 통한 인종적 정체성 강화와 그 한계

        김민회 ( Min Hoe Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2013 영미문화 Vol.13 No.3

        Frank Chin is often considered as the first generation of Chinese American writers who attacks dual identity concept with the male-centered narrative to create the mode of cultural nationalistic movement during the 1960s to the 1970s. His Donald Duk, published in 1991, also reveals the author`s male-centered and cultural nationalistic perspective toward Asian American identity by reinforcing what is defined to be Chinese. The heritage based on Chineseness is particularly focused in a way that King Duk, a father of Donald Duk, descends the heritage to Donald in the formation of his ethnic identity. In doing so, he attempts to retain the notion of the male-centered Chineseness as a necessary thing, which is closely conversant with the ideas of the first generation of Asian American writers who have strongly argued that Asian American identity should be formed not only by the notion of nationalistic culture but also by the firmness of the male-centered ideology. His attempt to build such identity through the young American-born Chinese American Donald Duk. He, however, significantly violates the notion of multiculturalism and rather determines the dual identity of Asian American based on race, gender and culture. He even fails to discuss the issue of the other and gender in his work but shows us how he reinforces the notion of Chineseness in the author`s patriarchical attempt to place it at the center of the American society. In this process of creating the male-centered notion of Chineseness, he severely erases the presence of female characters who are victimized as a “uncanny marker" marginalized from the Chinese community.

      • KCI등재후보

        브라이언 롤리의 『미국인 아들』: 모범적 소수민에 대한 유토피아적 환상과 폭력적 현실

        김민회 ( Min Hoe Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2017 영미문화 Vol.17 No.1

        Brian Ascalon Roley`s American Son, one of the outstanding Filipino American novels after the LA riots, critically deals with a racial issue of his community which has been intermingled with the myth of model minority. Gabe and Thomas, considered as obedient Filipino younger immigrants, are asked to achieve the American dream as a way to place themselves at the center of the mainstream white society. However, they recognize that they cannot be accepted as a suitable subject for the invincible racism deeply rooted in the society. While Tomas refuses to become a model minority by identifying himself with the Mexican, Gabe is expected to become an idealistic subject of model minority by his mother since he complies with the rules of the mainstream society. However, he accepts his brother`s violent way of life in that violence is necessary to protect his family from the racial discrimination in America. Though he is his mother`s hope for model minority, he recognizes the only condition to achieve her expectation is the American society where there is no racism at all. However, by taking the case of Gabe and Thomas, Roley suggests that the younger generation of Filipino American immigrants have no choice but to accept violence to survive in the American society because racism always threatens their life.

      • KCI등재후보

        나딘 고디머의 『픽업』에 나타난 여성중심 공동체와 인종적 타자의 고립화 문제

        김민회 ( Min Hoe Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2018 영미문화 Vol.18 No.3

        Nadine Gordimer’s The Pickup, published in 2001, well shows how the social issues have been changed in a way to reflect the South African society which is more complicated in the post-apartheid era. Examining the two different geographical territories between Johannesburg, South Africa and an unnamed nation in Middle East, putting aside the domestic racism between white and black, she extends her issue of racial other to global one with new rising issue of immigration in South African society. It seems that Gordimer’s such issue is well represented by two main characters: Julie Summers who comes from a wealthy family and falls in love with Abdu, an illegal immigrant who was born from a poor country in Middle East and is now working at a garage in a downtown of Johannesburg with hiding his real name Ibrahim ibn Musa. Having an official relationship with Ibrahim and joining the regular meeting at the El-Ay (L.A.) Cafe where all participants can enjoy the freedom of expression/speech except for Abdu, she begins to have interest in his silence and his presence, orientalized as the Arab Prince for her imagination. Arriving at Abdu ‘s nation later, she also keeps projecting the ‘less civilized’ images to his nation where there are only desert, uneducated people, and dirty houses and streets. In doing so, Gordimer leads reader to a never-ending issue of Orientalism in the Western literature. Moreover, the writer attempts to create a female-centered community at the male-centered Islam community by marginalizing the presence of Abdu who finally leaves to America alone. As Julie is successfully acculturated to the unknown Abdu’s community, she begins to place herself at the center of the community and plays a role as a mediator/communicator who can change/civilize it with her western knowledge of language and culture. By replacing the male-centered with the female-centered through Julie, Gordimer seems to be creating an idealized community with the notion of matriarchy. However, Gordimer places Abdu as an unstable subject who has to endlessly move back and forth for his undetermined national and cultural identity while Julie achieves the determined identity in both nations.

      • KCI등재후보

        Masqueraded Text and Its Unreadability in Herman Melville`s Confidence-Man

        김민회 ( Min Hoe Kim ) 한국영미문화학회 2015 영미문화 Vol.15 No.3

        Herman Melville`s The Confidence-Man is often discussed with Bahktinian notion of mask/masquerade in order to explain the various avatars of the confidence-man. However, Melville uses masks to reveal epistemological problems in the relationship between writer and reader. With the various use of masks every chapter, he attempts to create various narratives in the grand-narrative in a way to interact between writer and reader. In doing so, he aims to form the undetermined meanings of the narrative that can be made both by writer and reader. However, Melville shows that when they fail to create such a cooperative narrative, the narrative becomes unreadable. Melville`s various characters attempt to reach such a proper narrative through the confidence-man`s continuous contact with various passengers on the steamboat, the microcosm of American society. However, he fails to show this and gives reader the landscape of the nation full of distrust and leave the text with unreadability for reader.

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