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김동기,박은철,손명세,김한중,박형욱,안재형,임종건,송기준,Kim, Dong-Kee,Park, Eun-Cheol,Sohn, Myong-Sei,Kim, Han-Joong,Park, Hyung-Uk,Ahn, Chae-Hyung,Lim, Jong-Gun,Song, Ki-Jun 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.4
Missing observations are common in medical research and health survey research. Several statistical methods to handle the missing data problem have been proposed. The EM algorithm (Expectation-Maximization algorithm) is one of the ways of efficiently handling the missing data problem based on sufficient statistics. In this paper, we developed statistical models and methods for survey data with multivariate missing observations. Especially, we adopted the EM algorithm to handle the multivariate missing observations. We assume that the multivariate observations follow a multivariate normal distribution, where the mean vector and the covariance matrix are primarily of interest. We applied the proposed statistical method to analyze data from a health survey. The data set we used came from a physician survey on Resource-Based Relative Value Scale(RBRVS). In addition to the EM algorithm, we applied the complete case analysis, which uses only completely observed cases, and the available case analysis, which utilizes all available information. The residual and normal probability plots were evaluated to access the assumption of normality. We found that the residual sum of squares from the EM algorithm was smaller than those of the complete-case and the available-case analyses.
김동기,하성업,문일윤,문인상,Kim, Dongki,Ha, Seong up,Moon, Il yoon,Moon, Insang 항공우주시스템공학회 2015 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.9 No.2
Staged combustion cycle engines are well known to have high combustion efficiencies and specific impulse. In this study, design of mixing head part of combustion chamber for 8tonf class staged combustion cycle rocket engine (ES-08) was performed. Structural stability of the mixing head part of the combustion chamber is very important design factor because it is loaded by high temperature and high pressure of fuel and oxidizer as well as by thrust load simultaneously. Uniformity of flow distributions of the propellants to the injectors is also important factor. First, a basic configuration for the ES-08 mixing head part was designed on the basis of the structural design requirements. And then, the structural analyses were performed on the basic configuration as well as some of reinforced configurations. As the structural analyses results, the most stable configuration was selected for the ES-08 mixing head part. In order to examine the uniformity of the flow distributions of the propellants through the manifold of the mixing head, flow analysis was performed based on the selected configuration. The results of the flow analysis showed that the fuel and the oxidizer were uniformly supplied to the injector.
김동기,정진호,권영우,Kim Dong-Ki,Jeong Jin-Ho,Kwon Young-Woo 한국전자파학회 2005 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5
본 연구를 통하여 60 GHz근방의 V-band에서 도파관과 MMIC 집적을 위한 도파관-CPW변환 구조가 개발되었다. 수치 해석과 반복적인 실험을 통하여 두 가지 형태의 변환 구조를 제작하였으며, 손실이 적은 수정 기판을 이용하여 광대역 및 저손실 특성을 갖도록 설계하였다 개발된 변환 구조는 재현성이 뛰어나고, 금속 가공의 정밀도가 특성을 크게 변화시키지 않아 기존의 커넥터보다 저 비용으로 제작이 가능하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 두 가지 형태의 도파관-CPW 변환 구조를 back-to-back으로 연결하여 특정한 결과 공진 구간을 제외하고 두 구조 모두 $53\~60 GHz$에서 삽입 손실은 1.9 dB 이하, 반사 손실은 14 dB 이상의 특성을 보였다. In this study, waveguide-to-CPW transitions were developed for integrating waveguide and MMIC at V-band. The finite element method for numerical analysis and repeated experiments were performed to propose two types of waveguide-to-CPW transition. Using quartz substrate, proposed structures were designed for low loss as well as broadband characteristics. These waveguide-to-CPW transitions showed a good reliability and insensitivity to matching precision, and they could be fabricated with lower cost than that of the conventional connectors. Proposed two types of the structure showed insertion loss less than 1.9 dB and return loss better than 14 dB from 53 GHz to 60 GHz except unwanted resonance region, respectively.
슬롯라인-마이크로스트립 변환을 이용한 고효율 V-band 전력 결합 모듈
김동기,정진호,권영우,Kim Dong-Ki,Jeong Jin-Ho,Kwon Young-Woo 한국전자파학회 2005 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.16 No.6
Two high-efficiency and high power power-combing modules were developed using slotline-to-microstrip transition at V-band. Power-combining modules incorporating two MMIC power amplifiers demonstrated combining efficiencies higher than $80\%$(maximum $86\%$) with saturated output power of 22.96 dBm and 22.81 dBm, respectively. The measurement of back-to-back connected combiners demonstrated insertion loss less than 1.2 dB with return loss better than 15 dB around 60 GHz, respectively. 본 연구를 통하여 슬롯라인-마이크로스트립 변환을 이용한 고효율 전력 결합 모듈을 개발하였다. 제작된 전력 결합 모듈은 본 논문에서 제안하는 두 가지 형태의 전력 결합기를 이용하여 슬롯라인 중앙에서 도파관을 통해 입사된 전력을 분배하고 전력 증폭기를 거친 후 다시 전력이 결합되도록 하였다. 제작한 결과 58.5 GHz와 60 GHz에서 각각 22.96 dBm, 22.81 dBm의 포화 출력 전력과 $80\%$ 이상의(최대 $86\%$)고효율 전력 결합도를 얻을 수 있었다. 각각의 전력 결합기를 back-to-back으로 연결하여 손실을 측정한 경우 두 가지 형태 모두 60 GHz 근방에서 1.2 dB 내의 우수한 삽입손실을 보였으며 반사 손실은 15 dB 이상의 특성을 보였다.