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기혜민(Ji, Hui-min),김정태(Kim, Jeong-tae) 한국언어문학회 2018 한국언어문학 Vol.105 No.-
It is a discussion about the Palatalization between Korean and Chinese, which are same pronunciations of Korean traditional Chinese characters, such as ‘jeong (精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從母)’. The purpose is to find out the Interrelationship of Palatalization by the analyzing Korean and Chinese. In other words, the a dental consonants such as ‘jeong(精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從母)’ had been developed the palatal consonants. It is to establish the cause of sound changes whether are influenced by Chinese or Korean. As the Korean Chinese characters ‘jeong(精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從母)’, which are based on the middle archaic chinese, they had the same phonological environment ‘ㅈ[ch]’+[i, j]’ as the Chinese characters when they were accepted in korean chinese characters. The palatalization of ‘jeong(精)·cheong (淸)·jongmo(從母)’ happened in the internal factors of Korean language. The reasons are found in the timing of palatalization, glide-deletion, antipalatalization, overcorrection, etc. First, given the timing of palatalization, it was not very likely that the Korean chinese characters was influenced by the Chinese language. The Korean palatalization of ‘jeong(精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從母)’ happened in the 15th century and completed in the 17th century but the chinese palatalization started in the south China in the 15th century and in the north of China 18th century, completed it in the modern time. Second, [i], [j] had been existed from middle archaic China but the palatalization didn t occur. The cause of these differences was related to the Korea-Chinese consonant system. As a result, it was discovered that there are only in Korean caused by [i, j], is not related in modern chinese [y], [ɥ]. Third, considering the glide deletion during palatalization, it is hard to say that was influenced by the Chinese language. The reason is that the glide deletion has a different range of characteristics. In other words, the glide deletion of Chinese was antipalatalization not Korean case. Fourth, when we looked at the antipalatalization, Korean consonants ‘ㅈ[j], ㅊ[ch]’ had palatalized to ‘/ʦ/>/ʨ/, /ʦʻ/>/ʨʻ/’ in 17th century regardless of Chinses. However Chinese had antipalatalized dued to the of ‘[i]>[ɿ]’. Fifth, when Korean Chinese characters of ‘jeong(精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從 母)’, were over corrected, they appeared in ‘d/e/, t/ㅌ/’ in some cases but Chinses didn t. In the end, the Korean palatalization was based on the Korean inner changes. To conclude, ‘eong(精)·cheong(淸)·jongmo(從母)’ are based on middle archaic Chinese. Even though they had the same phonological environments as Chinese at that time, the Korean palatalization occurred in the inner factors.
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현대 한국한자음 초성과 중국어 성모 “x[ɕ]”의 대응관계 고찰
기혜민(Ji Hui-min) 어문연구학회 2017 어문연구 Vol.94 No.-
한국한자음 초성은 중국어의 성모와 일대일의 대응관계가 아니다. 한·중 한자음에 대 한 연구는 주로 이전 시기의 자료들을 기준으로 많이 이루어져 왔는데 본 연구는 현대에 통용되는 하나의 중국어 성모 “x[ɕ]”를 가지고 한국한자음 초성과의 대응관계가 이루어 진 원인을 다루었다. 그 원인을 고찰하기 전에 사전준비를 통해 “x[ɕ]”에 대응하는 한국한자음 초성 “ㅎ, ㅅ”이 비교적 많고 “ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ”은 소수인 것을 알게 되었다. 현대 중국어 성모 “x[ɕ]”는 구개음이다. 이 구개음은 처음부터 존재했던 음이 아니라 현대에 이르는 동안 새로 생긴 음이다. 따라서 이러한 대응관계의 형성은 중국어 성모의 역사적 변화와 관련이 있다고 생각된다. 마찬가지로 현대에 이르기까지 한국한자음도 음운변화가 많이 일어 났다. 그러므로 한국한자음 초성자음과 중국어 성모의 통시적 변화를 통해 목적 달성을 도모코자 하였다. 한국한자음이든 중국어이든 모두 중국 중고음을 모태로 하기 때문에 본 연구는 중국 중고음과 연결하여 진행하도록 하였다. 2장에서는 중세한국한자음훈집성(2009)을 주요자료로 초성 “ㅎ, ㅅ, ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ”을 가진 한국한자음의 통시적 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과로 초성 “ㅎ, ㅅ, ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ”의 표기가 안정성이 강해서 중세 시기부터 현대에 이르기까지 극소수를 제외하고 나머지는 표기가 변하지 않았음을 알게 되었다. 따라서 3장에서 2장의 바탕으로 중세 시기의 한국한자음에 “ㅎ, ㅅ, ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ”으로 실현된 중국 중고성모를 찾아내고 이 성모들의 변화가 “x[ɕ]”와 어떤 관련이 있는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과로 현대에 이르기까지 중국 중고성모들의 구개음화가 이러한 대응과 깊은 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었 다. 이처럼 2장과 3장을 종합해 보고 한국한자음 초성 표기의 유지와 중국어의 구개음화가 이러한 대응관계가 형성된 원인인 것을 밝히었다. The initial sounds of Korean Chinese characters and Chinese initials do not correspond one-to-one. So far researches on the sounds of Korean Chinese Characters and Chinese are mainly based on the previous materials, but this paper will probe into the cause of the corresponding relationship between the generally used modern Chinese initial “x[ɕ]” and the initial sounds of Korean Chinese characters. Previous preparations have found that there are more initial sounds of Korean Chinese characters that correspond to “x[ɕ]”, such as “ㅎ, ㅅ”, while “ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ” correspond scarcely. The modern Chinese initial “x[ɕ]” is a newly emerged palatal sound, rather than existing since ancient times. Therefore, the cause of the corresponding relationship should relate to the historical changes of Chinese initials. Correspondingly, the sounds of Korean Chinese characters also varied much in phonology from ancient times to now. Because of the common basis of ancient Chinese phonology for the sounds of Korean Chinese characters and Chinese, so this research bears some relation to ancient Chinese phonology. Chapter Two mainly observes the historical changes of Korean Chinese characters initialed “ㅎ, ㅅ, ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ” in Collection of Sounds and Meanings of Korean Chinese Characters of the Middle Ages(2009). It found that the marks of the initial sounds of Korean Chinese characters are stable, except only a few changes from the Middle Ages to modern times. Therefore based on what have found in Chapter Two, Chapter Three will try to find ancient Chinese initials that correspond to “ㅎ, ㅅ, ㄱ, ㅇ[ø], ㅊ, ㅈ, ㄷ” in sounds of Korean Chinese characters of the Middle ages, then observe the relationship between the historical changes of these Chinese initials and “x[ɕ]”. Finally, it found that there existed close relationship between the palatalization of ancient Chinese initials and the correspondence. Comprehensively Chapter Two and Chapter Three drew a conclusion that the cause of the correspondence lies in the stability of the marks of the initial sounds of Korean Chinese characters and the palatalization of Chinese.
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