보물 제1141호 한천사 출토 금동자물쇠 보존처리

고형순,유재은,이재성,Go, Hyeong-Sun,Yu, Jae-Eun,Lee, Jae-Seong 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

Gilt bronze locks(Treasure No. 1141) excavated from Hancheonsa temple are artifacts of Goryeo Dynasty. The locks underwent a conservation process from October 2001 to July 2002. The process included cleaning and the application of corrosion inhibitors, Benzotriazolesolution, as well as reinforcement treatment with Paraloid NAD-10 solution,an acrylic resin. Non-destructive XRF analysis unveil that the artifacts are made of an alloy of copper(Cu), tin(Sn) and lead(Pb), but the gilt layer is too thin to analyze the purity of the gold or the exact production method. Gilt bronze locks are important materials because they preserve all the structures of locks in Goryeo Dynasty to the smallest detail. The surface pattern is revealed through the conservation process and components of the alloy through material analysis.

보물 제955호 선암사 금동팔각원당형사리탑 보존처리

고형순,유재은,Go, Hyeong-Sun,Yu, Jae-Eun 국립문화재연구소 2003 保存科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

The gilt-bronze Sarira Reliquary was discovered when repairing three-stories east stone pagoda (Treasure No. 395) at Seungju-eup in Suncheon city in Jeollanam-do Province in August, 1986. Then it was appointed as Treasure in 1988. The Sarira Reliquary had been held in Seonamsa temple, but deterioration on the surface and corrosion had appeared affecting its surface detail. Consequently, the conservation treatment was carried out from November 2002 to March 2003.The corrosion and dirt on the surface of the Sarira Reliquary were cleaned with ethyl alcohol and Benzotriazole was applied to prevent further corrosion. Finally, NAD-10(Paraloid NAD-10), acrylic resin, was used to consolidate the structure. Moreover, after non-destructive analysis to confirm element of alloy, copper, gold, silver and mercury were discovered and this result tells us that it was plated with gold by amalgam. Fibers at the pedestal were examined under the microscope and identified as silk. The total height of this Sarira Reliquary is 6.0cm, the height of lotus pedestal and the roof is 2.7cm and 1.8cm, respectively. The roof and body are joined together, and the lotus pedestal can be separated, on which the octagonal reliquary is impaled. The pedestal consists of 3layers of petals and the surface is decorated with flower pattern. The reliquary is presumed to be created in the 14th century, and it becomes valuable historical material to reveal the secret of metal work in the late Goryeo Dynasty.

고대 철확(철솥)의 1천년 반복 가열 및 열화현상

고형순 ( Hyeong Sun Go ),한민수 ( Min Su Han ),최병학 ( Byung Hak Choe ),민두식 ( Doo Sik Min ),심윤임 ( Yun Im Shim ),정효태 ( Hyo Tae Jeong ),조남철 ( Nam Chul Cho ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2012 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

The microstructural changes of three pieces from an ancient iron pot were studied in order to identify present the material degradation due to repeated heating for one-thousand years. The microstructures of the pieces were divided into the areas of ferrite/graphite, ferrite/pearlite, and corroded oxidation. The area of ferrite/graphite was undergone by severe Galvanic corrosion, but that of ferrite/pearlite was not even during a thousand years` using . The shape of the graphites was coexisted with types of A, B, and C of as modern graphite classification. In the ferrite/pearlite area, abnormal acicula precipitates with a high aspect ratio of 0.2㎛thickness and several hundreds ㎛length were presented. They might be a kind of carbide in the ferrite matrix with its special precipitate plane.

수원시 꽃뫼 유적 출토 철제유물의 미세조직 분석

유재은,고형순,이재성,Yu, Jae-Eun,Go, Hyeong-Sun,Lee, Jae-Sung 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

Kkonmoe relic located in Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do Provinceis an example of the wide chronology from the Three Kingdoms Period to Joseon Dynasty. Examinations on a forged iron ax, a cast iron ax and an iron sickle excavated from this relic revealed the microstructure structure of the metal and the manufacturing technologies. Microstructure investigation was carried out with a metallurgical microscope and a Vickers hardness tester was used to measure the hardness of the micro structures. The test results show that the forged iron ax has a ferrite and pearlitestructure. It is made of low carbon steel and then carbonized to increase carbon content. After carbonization, the surface grains are reworked and the surface decarbonized. In case of the iron sickle, it is forged from low carbon steel, then carbonized and hardened, to increase overall strength. The sickle blade is carbonized and quenched after forging, resulting in afirm, solid blade. Heat treatment to remove brittleness is not applied to the cast ironartifact, which is manufactured by solidifing hypo-eutectic cast iron with a3-4% carbon content and white cast iron. All artifacts are produced from steel and subjected to a carbonization process. To increase hardness of the blade, additional heat treatment is applied.

충주 숭선사지 출토 철제유물의 미세조직 분석

유재은,고형순,이재성,Yu, Jae-Eun,Go, Hyeong-Sun,Yi, Jae-Seong 국립문화재연구소 2003 保存科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

Sungseonsa Temple site in Chungju city in Chungcheongbuk-doProvince is written in "Goryeosa" as a building for Queen Sinmyeongsunseong, the mother of Gwangjong in AD 954 in Goryeo Dynasty. The museum in Chungcheong University takes charge of the excavation for 3 times from 2000 to 2002 and identified that its construction was carried out till Joseon Dynasty. Among the iron artifacts from the first excavation such as a weeding hoe, a hand knife, a lock, two nails and a plow which had conservation treatments, the sample was collected. Its micro-structure and method of manufacture were investigated. Excavation report for those artifacts has not published yet, therefore, the date of each artifacts is not clearly confirmed. The samples were collected from each part of the objects and then embedded in epoxy resin and etched with nitric acid. The examination of its microstructure is carried out under the microscope and the hardness values were measured by Vickers hardness tester. From the results, some artifacts show different manufacture method sin the each parts. The forming processes of the iron weeding hoe and the iron sickle are similar but the blade of iron weeding hoe was strengthened by carbonization whereas the blade of the iron sickle was done by quenching. The hand knife and the nails were produced through almost same methods and shows similar microstructures. The hand knife seems to be made by repeated beating and folding in low temperature resulting in fine crystallization, but the nail shows large crystallization due to processes in high temperature. Lock is made of white cast iron, that does not show any heat treatment.

영월 하송리 출토 금속유물 보존처리 및 제작기법 연구

이병훈,고형순,김수기 국립중앙박물관 2019 박물관보존과학 Vol.21 No.-

본 연구는 강원도 영월 하송리 유적에서 출토된 금속유물의 보존처리 과정과 표면 성분분석 결과를 제시하였다. 금동소형풍탁 1점, 풍설 2점, 호리병 형태 소형 청동병 1점을 대상으로 XRF를 이용한 표면 성분분석을 진행하였고, 호리병 형태 소형 청동병은 X-ray를 통한 내부구조관찰을 실시하였다. 금동소형풍탁과 풍설은 같은 위치에서 출토되었으나, 금동소형풍탁은 도금층이 확인되는데 반해, 풍설은 부식층이 표면에 고착되어 가시적으로 확인되지 않았다. 분석결과 금동소형풍탁은 Cu-Sn-Pb 3원계 합금 청동소지에 Au를 수은 아말감으로 도금하여 제작하였음을 확인하였다. 풍설은 소지가 구리이며, 소량의 금성분이 검출되었다. 호리병 형태 소형 청동병은 형태적으로 비슷한 고려시대 화폐인 은병(銀槪)인지 여부를 확인하고자 표면 성분분석과 함께 X-ray 촬영을 실시하였다. X-ray 촬영 결과 저부의 가운데 부분에 작은 구멍을 막았던 것으로 보이는 흔적이 확인되었으며, 전체적인 표면분석 결과에서는 은이 검출되지 않아 은병이 아닌 청동유물임을 알 수 있었다. This study describes the processes undertaken for the conservation treatment of metal artifacts excavated in Hasong-ri, Yeongwol, Gangwon-do and the results of the related surface composition analysis. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was applied to analyze the surface composition of a small gilt-bronze wind chime, two clappers, and a small gourd-shaped bronze bottle. The gourd-shaped bronze bottle was investigated using radiography to examine its internal structure. The wind chime and clappers were excavated from the same location. A gilt layer was identified on the wind chime, but surface corrosion made it difficult to identify any such layers on the clappers. The element analysis revealed that the wind chime was made of bronze in a Cu-Sn-Pb ternary system and was gilt-plated using mercury amalgam. The clappers were made from copper with a small amount of gold detected, but did not show any evidence of mercury. Since a thick corrosion layer was affixed to the surface of each clapper, it was impossible to identify the surface composition and determine if the clappers had been gilded. It is possible that the gold detected from the clappers was a foreign substance or had detached from the giltbronze wind chime buried alongside them. The small gourd-shaped bronze bottle was investigated through surface element analysis and radiography to verify if it was a type of silver bottle used as currency during the Goryeo dynasty. The radiography photography identified that a small hole in the middle of the base had been stopped up. The general surface analysis did not detect silver, which suggests that the bottle was made of bronze instead and was not one of the silver bottles used as a means of currency.