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하충룡(Choong lyong Ha),고승만(Seung man Go) 한국국제상학회 2014 國際商學 Vol.29 No.4
CISG는 법률적 통일성과 명확성을 제공하여 국제매매계약에서 발생되는 제반 문제점들을 해결할 수 있도록 제정되었고, 영국을 제외한 주요 경제국들이 이를 국제매매계약의 준거법으로 적용하고 있으며, 이를 적극적으로 활용하고 있다. 또한 CISG가 보장하고 있는 계약자유의 원칙과 당사자 자치는 다양한 형태의 국제거래에 유연하게 적용될 수 있도록 법률적 기능을 충분히 충족시키면서 발전되어 왔다. 그러나 국제상품매매계약에 있어서만큼은 CISG가 준거법으로서 적용빈도가 저조한데, 이는 국제상품거래에서 오랫동안 적용되고 있는 다른 표준법들이 존재하고 있고 일부 특정조항에서는 상품거래의 독특한 특징을 제대로 반영하지 못하는 결과로 보여 진다. 특히, 상품매매계약에서 해제와 관련되는 분쟁에 있어서는 더욱 그러한데, 이는 해제기준에 대한 해석의 모호성, 그리고 선행판례 부족으로 판결에 대한 예측가능성을 제공하지 못하고 있기 때문이라고 일부 학자들은 주장하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국제상품거래의 독특한 특징들 때문에 통일법 적용에 있어서 CISG가 배제되어서는 안 되고, 여타 국제표준법 또는 국제규칙 보다 충분히 잘 적용될 수 있다는 것을 본 논문에서 제시하고자 한다. Purpose : Main aim of this paper is to examine the right of avoidance in the contract for international sale of commodity under applicable laws to evaluate their practicability and predictability, suggesting the solution which enhances the stability in practice. Research design, data, methodology : This paper uses the literature review and case study as to analyze the fundamental breach of contract and right of avoidance in the contract for international sale of commodity. Results : As well understood, CISG is an appropriate instrument of law to govern international commodity sales. It is, however, found that the application of CISG is not generally accepted in the contracts of international sale of commodities due to the facts that contracts for particular commodities, which have certain characteristics, are not suitable for CISG and English law is favoured in practice. It is found that flexibility and internationality of the CISG warrants practicability and predictability as the most suitable instrument of law to govern contracts for the international sale of commodities. Conclusions : This paper suggests that, as CISG provides a high degree of legal certainty and predictability in the international sales of commodities than any other uniform rules and laws, the parties to the contracts of international sale of commodities should adopt CISG for their contracts.
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하충룡(Choong-lyong Ha),고승만(Seung-man Go) 한국국제상학회 2013 國際商學 Vol.28 No.3
This article deal with the commercial consequences of two significant differences between sales contract law under Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code(Perfect Tender Rule) and sales contract law under the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(Fundamental Breach of Contracts). Although the UCC and the CISG contain similar language regarding the buyer's ability to return defective goods, the buyer's rights and the seller's corresponding duties vary in significant ways. Some scholars have insisted that as whether a fundamental breach has occurred is subject to much interpretation, the strongest argument against the application of the CISG, especially with respect to non-conforming goods and fundamental breach, is its lack of legal certainty and predictability. For this reason it is still common practice for many business people and their legal advisors to automatically opt out of the CISG. The purpose of this article is not to provide a critical analysis of the doctrine of fundamental breach and rule of perfect tender but find condition more applicable in the international transaction. One of the main goals of the CISG is the preservation of the contract and the parties' obligations, accordingly, the doctrine of fundamental breach makes it extraordinarily difficult to avoid the contract. In such cases, we need worry about the increased costs and burdens which accompany the avoidance of a contract. So it is necessary to examine CISG's Fundamental Breach of Contracts in the practical point of view and international scene.
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디지털 치의학과 치과용 디지털 장비에 대한 치과 분야 종사자들의 인식 조사
김재훈(Jae-Hoon Kim),이현종(Hyeon-Jong Lee),고승만(Seung-Man Go),김현철(Hyeon-Cheol Kim) 대한치과의사협회 2021 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.59 No.5
The purpose of this survey was to assess the perceptions of dental personnel concerning digital dentistry and dental digital equipment. The survey was conducted from July to August 2019 in Busan and Gyeongnam area. Three sets of questionnaires were designed to target dental professionals and staff, dental industry personnel, and dental students. The questionnaires were composed of best-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, and questions with the five-point Likert scale. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. A total of 141 dental personnel participated in the survey: 92 dental professionals and staff, 29 dental industry personnel, and 20 dental students. The time saving was the most frequent response to the benefits of digital dentistry in all job categories. The main barrier to dental digital equipment introduction was the high cost. Although the evaluation of the economic efficiency of dental digital equipment was not positive, sixty-seven percent of dental professionals and staff having no digital equipment responded that they were considering purchasing dental digital equipment. They were most interested in intra-oral scanners. In conclusion, dental personnel were positively aware of the utility of dental digital equipment and interested in introducing new equipment. However, high initial costs and uncertain economic efficiency were found to be the main barriers to using dental digital equipment.
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