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GIS 사업유형을 고려한 GIS 감리의 기반 모델 연구
고광철,김은형,Koh, Kwang-Chul,Kim, Eun-Hyung 한국공간정보학회 2000 개방형지리정보시스템학회 논문지 = Journal of the Korea Open Geogr Vol.2 No.2
정부가 국가지리정보시스템(NGIS) 사업에 박차를 가하고 지자체들이 경쟁적으로 대단위 도시지리 정보시스템(UIS)사업을 발주하면서 보다 효율적인 사업관리를 위해 'GIS 감리'가 주목받고 있다. 그러나 현재 GIS 감리 제도가 정착되지 않은 상황에서 형식적인 감리 제도의 도입으로 인해 GIS 감리의 실효성을 제대로 거두지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GIS 감리 제도가 정착되고 GIS 감리 활동이 실효성을 거두기 위해서는 우선적으로 GIS 감리의 대상 및 감리 영역을 규명하는 'GIS 감리의 기반 모델'을 제시하고자 한다. 과업지시서를 중심으로 GIS 감리의 대상을 규명한 후 기존의 정보시스템 감리과 건설감리의 장점을 수용하여 GIS 감리의 영역을 프로젝트 감리, 전산기술 감리. GIS기술 감리, 데이터베이스 구축 감리, 전략 감리'의 5가지 영역으로 분류하였다. 과업지시서를 통해 분석된 GIS 사업의 유형적 분류는 개발적응 대상분야에 의한 유형, GIS활용체계 구축 범위에 의한 유형, GIS활용체계 구축 기간에 의한 유형, GIS 기술적용에 의한 유형의 4가지로 제시하였다. 이중 GIS 기술적용에 의한 유형은 GIS S/W 기술, GIS 개발방법론 기술, 공간데이터 구축 기술, 공간데이터 검수 기술로 기존의 GIS 감리관련 연구에서 종합적으로 다루지 못한 사항들이 전반적으로 제시되었다고 할 수 있다. 과업지시서를 중심으로한 사업의 유형이 GIS 감리 영역에 반영된 것은 GIS 사업의 특성에 따라 융통성 있게 GIS 감리의 영역을 재구성할 수 있으므로 해서 보다 현실적인 GIS 감리 수행이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 끝으로 효과적인 감리 수행을 위해 GIS 감리 수행 전략을 제시하였으며 이들에서 언급된 사항은 향후 GIS 감리제도 정착시 반드시 고려되어야 할 사항으로 판단된다. Since 1995, national and local governments have competitively initiated many and large GIS projects and audit for the projects becomes an important issue. So far, the audit in the Information Technology(IT) area has tried to deal with the issue but ineffectiveness has been found for the successful GIS project management. Effective auditing is a critical element for the project management. In order to establish a proper audit model for the GIS projects and to promote auditing activities in the projects, this study constructs two hypotheses and tries to prove them. The hypotheses are as follows : 1) For a good audits model for GIS, unique characteristics of a GIS project audit items and the scope of the audit need to be identified. 2) The scope of audit needs to be classified according to the requests from tasks in the projects. To prove the hypotheses, this study analyzes positive aspects of audit in IT and construction projects, clarifies the audit items in GIS projects by comparing with them, and classifies the scope of the GIS audit based on various types of GIS projects. As a results, 5 types of the GIS audit are identified : (1) audit for project management, (2) audit focused on IT, (3) audit characterized by GIS technologies, (4) GIS database audit and (5) consulting services for critical problems in the projects. In addition, 4 criteria in classifying the GIS projects are suggested for the GIS audit. The 4 criteria are domain, scope, duration, and GIS applications technologies. Especially, GIS technology considered in this study includes GIS software, methodologies for GIS development, GIS database and quality control of GIS data, which are not usually reflected in the existing studies about in GIS audit. Because the GIS audit depends on a type of GIS projects, scopes of the audit can be flexibly reconstructed in accordance with the types of GIS projects. This is a key to effective and realistic audit for the future GIS projects. Strategies for effective GIS audit are also proposed in terms of the following: GIS project management, goal establishment in each audit stage, documentation from GIS audit, timing strategies for intensive GIS audit, and designing team structure.
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고광철,김은형,Koh, Kwang-Chul,Kim, Eun-Hyung 한국공간정보학회 2002 개방형지리정보시스템학회 논문지 = Journal of the Korea Open Geogr Vol.4 No.2
제2차 국가GIS기본계획에서의 가장 많은 예산이 산정되어 있는 'GIS활용체계 개발'이 가장 활발히 진행되고 있는 곳은 78개 시를 비롯한 지방자치단체라 할 수 있을 것이다. 지금까지 GIS가 '좋은' 기술이고 그래서 행정능률의 제고 및 대시민 서비스 향상을 위해서는 GIS가 필요하다는 사실에 대부분의 지자체는 의심의 여지없이 사업을 추진하여 왔다. 이제는 막대한 예산의 투입에 대한 효과를 가시적으로 보고 싶어하는 충동과 과연 실효성 있는 '좋은' 기술인가에 대한 증명이 요구되는 시점에 도달하고 있는 것이다. 다시 말해서 지자체 GIS의 투자대비 효과는 어느 정도로 산정 할 수 있는 것인가? 과연 현재의 지자체 GIS 현주소는 제대로 구축되고 있다고 할 수 있을까? 이 질문에 대해서는 그 누구도 설득력 있는 대답을 하기가 어려울 것이다. 이러한 현실속에서 과연 지자체 GIS 추진상 무엇이 문제이며, 이미 구축되어 활용되고 있다면 지자체에서는 어떠한 이유로 인해 시스템 활용이 어려운 것일까?와 같은 물음을 생각해 볼 필요가 있을 것이다. GIS는 '단번에' 효과가 나타나는 다른 전산시스템과는 달리 최소한 $3{\sim}4$년의 손익분기점을 가지는 기술인 만큼 지자체 GIS 추진단계별 해결방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 지자체 GIS사업의 문제점에 대한 충분한 이해에서 시작해야 할 것이며, 문제점에 대한 접근은 단편적인 기술상의 문제에서 그쳐서는 안되고 사업 전반에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사항들에 대해 분석되어야 한다. GIS활용체계의 궁극적인 목적은 실무에서의 원활한 '운영'에 있으며, 최종단계의 운영이 원활히 이루어지기 위해서는 사업의 기획단계에서부터 발주, 진행, 준공에 이르는 일련의 과정들이 단계적으로 성과를 확보하며 이루어져야 가능하다. 여러 지자체를 중심으로 수행된 지자체 GIS 감리와 컨설팅의 경험을 통해 도출된 문제점들을 일반화시켜 정리하였으며, 이를 통해 지자체 GIS사업의 추진 및 운영모델을 제시하였다. The considerable budgets for the 2nd-phase NGIS projects are allocated to the projects for developments of the GIS applications. Especially, the 78 local governments are major users of GIS application systems. In spite of GIS necessity in local government, whether a GIS is 'good' or bad, depends on its implementation and operation. How to implement GIS in effective wav and how to measure GIS effect for justifying GIS funding can be major concerns. Because it takes minimum 3-4 years to equal the costs and benefits of GIS, the long-terms implementation strategies for GIS project in local government are required. In order to establish a proper implementation model for the GIS application projects and to promote activities in the projects, this study considers several problems in accordance with the phases of GIS evolution and solutions of these problems. Based an the GIS auditing and consulting experience in local governments, this study constructs a GIS implementation and maintenance model in long and comprehensive perspective. This model can be a key to affective and realistic implementation for the future GIS projects.
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GIS 사업유형을 고려한 GIS 감리의 기반 모델 연구
고광철(Kwang Chul Koh),김은형(Eun Hyung Kim) 대한공간정보학회 2000 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지 Vol.2 No.2
Since 1995, national and local governments have competitively initiated many and large GIS projects and audit for the projects becomes an important issue. So far, the audit in the Information Technology (IT) area has tried to deal with the issue but ineffectiveness has been found for the successful GIS project management. Effective auditing is a critical element for the project management. In order to establish a proper audit model for the GIS projects and to promote auditing activities in the projects, this study constructs two hypotheses and tries to prove them. The hypotheses are as follows : 1) For a good audits model for GIS, unique characteristics of a GIS project audit ,items and the scope of the audit need to be identified. 2) The scope of audit needs to be classified according to the requests from tasks, in the projects. To prove the hypotheses, this study analyzes positive aspects of audit in IT and construction projects. clarifies the audit items in GIS projects by comparing with them, and classifies the scope of the GIS audit based on various types of GIS projects. As a results, 5 types of the GIS audit are identified: (1) audit for project management. (2) audit focused on IT. (3) audit characterized by GIS technologies, (4) GIS database audit and (5) consulting services for critical problems in the projects. In addition, 4 criteria in classifying the GIS projects are suggested for the GIS audit. The 4 criteria are domain. Scope, duration, and GIS applications technologies, Especially, GIS technology considered in this study includes GIS software, methodologies for GIS development. GIS database and Quality control of GIS data, which are not usually reflected in the existing studies about in GIS audit. Because the GIS audit depends on a type of GIS projects, scopes of the audit can be flexibly reconstructed in accordance with the types of GIS projects. This is a key to effective and realistic audit for the future G1S projects. Strategies for effective GIS audit are also proposed in terms of the following: GIS project management. goal establishment in each audit stage, documentation from GIS audit, timing strategies for intensive GIS audit, and designing team structure.
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고광철(Kwang Cheol Koh),백승운(Seung Woon Paik),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),이종철(Jong Chul Rhee),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),박상종(Sang Jong Park),김영호(Young Ho Kim),최상희(Sang Hee Choi),이순진(Soon Jin Lee),김지은(Je 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.57 No.3
N/A The purposes of this study were to assess the relationship between functional dyspepsia (FD) and the gastroptosis which was considered as one of the causes of FD by some physicians in Korea and to evaluate the possibility that gastroptosis was directly related to the relatively decreased abdominal fat content. Methods : 442 subjects taken upper gastrointestinal barium series (UGIS) for routine check-up were interviewed about symptoms of FD by physicians on the basis of Rome criteria. Various parameters of obesity were also collected from 366 subjects. Gastroptosis was diagnosed by radiologists when the gastric angle was located below the Jacobys line. Results : Gastroptosis was found in 23 (5.2%) of 442 subjects. Relationship between gastroptosis and FD was rejected statistically because 3 (5.8%) of 52 subjects with FD had gastroptosis but 20 (5.1%) of 390 subjects without FD also showed gastroptosis. Various parameters of obesity such as body mass index (20.6±2.6, 23.8±2.8), % body fat (23.4±6.1%, 28.2±6.6%), % ideal body weight (97.9±12.6%, 112.6±14.0%), waist to hip ratio (0.855±0.096, 0.900±0.070) and weight (53.5±8.2 kg, 62.5±9.6 kg) in subjects with and without FD showed that the gastroptosis was more frequent in subjects with low values in parameters of obesity. But on multivariate analysis, only body mass index was the independent factor related to gastroptosis. Conclusion : Gastroptosis is not a cause of FD but is thought to be a constitutional problem related to low values in parameters of obesity. (Korean J Med 57:298-303, 1999)
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이종철(Jong Chul Lee),백승운(Seung Woon Paik),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),고광철(Kwang Cheol Koh),고영혜(Young Hyeh Ko),이화영(Hwa Young Lee),김춘관(Choon Kwan Kim),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),오영륜(Young Lyun Oh) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.30 No.5
Fascioliasis, infection of fasciola sp., is a zoonotic liver disease in human which usually involves the liver and biliary tract. Its occurrence is common in tropical area, western America and in the Mediterranean region, but relatively uncommon in Korea. Fascioliasis is usually presented as multiple small liver abscess and it is extremly uncommon as a single large liver mass. We experienced a case of facioliasis. In an asytnptomatic 43 year-old woman, appearing as a single, large hepatic mass. Imaging study suggested that the rnass is likely to be a hetnangioma, hepatoma or metastatic lesion. We carried out fine needle aspiration of the liver, and its cytology showed only some Fasciola sp. egg. Patients serology to the parasite wasnt available at that time, so we carried out partial hepatic lobectomy to confirm the diagnosis of fascioliasis. We found a parasite granuloma, mummified adult worm of fasciola sp. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997; 30: 689-694)
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임경욱(Kyong Wook Yim),고광철(Kwang Chul Koh),김유철(Yoo Chul Kim),임용철(Yong Chul Lim),이효석(Hyo Suk Lee),윤용범(Yong Bum Yoon),송인성(In Sung Song),김정룡(Chung Yong Kim) 대한내과학회 1988 대한내과학회지 Vol.35 No.1
N/A There is plenty of evidence that the intestinal disaccharidases such as sucrase and maltase are adaptive by their substrates. However the intestinal lactase adaptiveness is still controversial despite results which positively suggest its adaptiveness in young experimental animals. The authors designed the following experiment with six groups of adult Wistar rats, each of which consists of ten 210 g average adult rats, to investigate whether dietary lactose solutions would increase the intestinal lactase specific acitivity and to observe the effects of various dietary solutions on other intestinal enzyme specific activities at the same time. All of the animals were fed by standard rat chow ad libitum and the first group (control) was made to suck tap water the second group a 5% glucose solution, the third group a 10 sucrose solution, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth groups 5%-, 10%- and 15% lactose solutions respectively, also ad libitum as the fluid source for a six week period. At the end of the experiment, the small intestines were divided into three segments of equal length from the Treitz ligament to the terminal ileum, from each of which one tissue section was made and specific enzyme activities (lactase, sucrase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase N) were assayed. The results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in mean body weight during the experimental period. (mean±S.D; 230±12.3) 2) No histological differences between the groups were noted in each of the three segments. 3) The intestinal trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeotidase N, and lactase, which was the key enzyme of this experiment, were not adapted by these experimental solutions. 4) The intestinal sucrase specitic activities, especially of the middle segment, from animals fed with 5% glucose, 10% sucrose, 10%-and 15%-lactose solutions, in- creased from a control group value of 41.8±18.4 to 72.1±15.1, 73.0±12.0, 71.3±24.9 and 66.4±11.0mu/mg protein (p<0.01 in all) respectively, confirming again its adaptiveness. We concluded that the intestinal lactase was not adapted by these 5-15% lactose solutions in six weeks, To the contrary, the sucrase was adapted by various carbohydrate solutions which suggested that the adaptation was substrate non-specific and was by local effect rather than distant hormonal or neural effects.
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송필상 ( Pil Sang Song ),고광철 ( Kwang Cheol Koh ),유병철 ( Byung Chul Yoo ),백승운 ( Seung Woon Paik ),이준혁 ( Joon Hyoek Lee ),최문석 ( Moon Suk Choi ),류동열 ( Dong Ryeol Ryu ),이진영 ( Jin Young Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2005 대한소화기학회지 Vol.45 No.6
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies. Many factors are considered to be etiology associated with HCC; the important factors are hepatitis B and C viruses and alcohol. Cirrhosis is present in the majority of patients with H
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