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- 저자 : 계지원 (검색결과 2 건)
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(The) effect of ablative CO2 fractional laser on prevention against photocarcinogenesis
Background : Non-melanoma skin cancers, one of the most commonly diagnosed cutaneous malignancies in humans, are caused mainly by prolonged ultraviolet(UV) exposure. However, there is no effective prevention other than avoiding sun exposure. Recently, ablative fractional photothermolysis(FP) laser treatment is actively being carried out for facial rejuvenation. Objective : We elucidated whether the occurrence of skin tumors caused by exposure to UV light can be decreased by multiple sessions of ablative FP with carbon dioxide(CO2) laser. Materials and Methods : Two groups of hairless mice were treated with either CO2 fractional laser(FL) or nothing at 3-week intervals during the 20 weeks of UV exposure period, during which the mice were simultaneously exposed to 60 mJ/cm2 of UVB and 1.8 J/cm2 of UVA three times per week for the first 20 weeks. The other group was treated with only FL without UV exposure. In the following 10 weeks, mice were examined for tumor development every 2 weeks without any treatments. At the 30-week termination of the experiment, representative tumors were taken to evaluate the type of tumor. In addition, we evaluated the change of skin barrier function at 12 weeks and 20 weeks. We also checked the mRNA expression levels of the matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) and type-1 procollagen. Results : At 30 weeks, the UV plus FL treated group showed a significantly lower average size of tumor and a lower occurance rate of tumors than the UV only treated group. Tumors occurred 2–3 weeks later in the UV plus FL treated group than in the UV only treated group. There was no tumor development in the FL only treated group, and their skin looked more smooth and tighter. Tumors(< 3mm in size) developed significantly less in the UV plus FL treated group. Tumors in the UV only treated group showed more malignant progression. And the UV only treated groups showed significantly greater trans-epidermal water loss(TEWL) than the UV plus FL treated group. The UV only treated group showed epidermal and dermal hypertrophic changes, and significantly decreased collagen and elastic contents than the UV plus FL treated group. The UV plus FL treated group mRNA presented a higher level of type-1 procollagen, and a lower level of MMP-13 than the UV only treated group. There was no significant difference between the UV only treated and UV plus FL treated groups. Conclusion : Ablative FP CO2 laser can be effective for not only skin rejuvenation but also for prevention of skin tumors induced by UV. 자외선(ultraviolet ray, UV) 노출은 사람에서 흔히 발생하는 비흑색종 피부암의 흔한 원인이 된다. 하지만 태양광 노출을 피하는 것 외엔 효과적인 예방법은 없다. 최근들어 프락셔널 레이저(fractional laser, FL) 치료가 피부 재생효과를 위해 시행되고 있다. 우리는 자외선 노출에 의해 유발되는 종양이 이산화탄소 프락셔널 레이저로 발생이 감소하는지 살펴보고자 한다. 두 그룹의 무모생쥐들에 UV+FL 조사군은 20주간 주 3회씩 UVB는 60 mJ/cm2로 UVA는 1.8 J/cm2를 조사하였고 3주에 한번 FL을 조사하였고, UV 조사군은 위와 같은 방법으로 UV만 조사하였다. FL조사군은 위와 같은 방법으로 FL만 조사하고 UV는 조사하지 않았다. 추후 10주간 UV나 FL 조사없이 2주마다 무모생쥐의 종양 발생 진행을 점검하였다. 30주에 각 쥐에서 대표적인 종양들을 다섯개씩 조직 검사하였다. 또한 12주 20주에 피부장벽 기능을 평가하였다. 그리고 MMP-13(matrix metalloproteinase-13)과 1형 procollagen의 mRNA 발현을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 30주차에 UV+FL동시 조사군은 UV 조사군 보다 종양의 크기와 수 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 UV+FL 조사군은 UV조사군보다 2~3주정도 종양이 발생이 느렸다. FL 조사군은 종향이 전혀 발생하지 않았고 피부가 부드럽고 탄력적으로 보였다. 장벽기능의 평가상에서 UV 조사군은 유의하게 FL 조사군보다 경피부수분손실이 증가 되어 있었다. 조직병리학적인 평가상에서 UV 조사군의 종양들이 UV+FL 조사군의 종양보다 더 악성화 소견을 보였다. UV 군은 표피 진피의 비대화 소견을 보였고, 정량적 영상 분석상에서 콜라겐, 탄력섬유가 UV+FL 조사군보다 유의하게 감소하였다. mRNA 분석상에서 UV+FL 조사군은 1형 프로콜라겐이 UV조사군보다 더 발현되어 있었고 MMP-13의 발현은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이산화탄소 프락셔널 레이저 조사는 피부 재생효과뿐만 아니라 자외선에 의해 유발되는 종양을 예방하는데 효과적이다.
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In this research, in order to make up for the shortcomings of the existing 3-layer glucose biosensor, a one-layer glucose biosensor was developed. The one-layer glucose biosensor was formed by using conductive Carbon/Silver Ink on PET film, and the sensor electrode was formed by the Screen-Printing method. In order to set the position of the enzyme and for the protection of the electrode, after formation by using an insulator as well as the Screen-Printing method, dispensing of the enzyme was performed. Fabrication was done at 60℃ for 15 minutes through a drying process to fix the enzyme. After bonding the lower layer (on the electrode formed base electrode film) with the middle layer (creation of a capillary tube to determine the blood amount and to introduce blood), the enzyme was dispensed, and after the dispensed enzyme dried, it was bonded to the top layer (creation of an air vent when the blood was introduced). Compared to the complicated fabrication process of the existing 3-layer structured glucose biosensor, through a very easy fabrication process, a biosensor was fabricated whereby the lower film, through only two printing processes, generally had all the functions of the existing 3-layer structured top-lower-bottom layer biosensor. The result made possible a reduction in sensor production costs and the securing of the reproducibility of the fabrication process. Also, a GDH-FAD (Glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide) based enzyme compound was applied to improve problems originating from the oxygen interference reaction in GOD (Glucose Oxidase), which is generally used as a glucose biosensor enzyme. Other potential interference during glucose measurement was minimized, and an excellent glucose biosensor with 0.99 % linearity, and possible Hematocrit use range of 30 ~ 60 %, and a CV (Coefficient of variation) of 3.1 % was fabricated. The coefficient of variance (CV) of the sensor developed in this research was slightly unsatisfactory compared to top existing market products, but it falls in the range of ± 15% of the international standard accuracy for glucose measurements, there was little influence of the Hematocrit, and due to the rapid cost reduction due to a decrease in processing, people from low-income and developing countries who manage their blood sugar can do so through low costs. It is expected that it will help in maintaining healthy lives.
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