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- 저자 : 강순아 ( Kang Sun A ) (검색결과 255 건)
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강선(Kang Sun) 고구려발해학회 2006 고구려발해연구 Vol.24 No.-
In 6th century, the international situation of the Northeast Asia had changed extensively. The Northem Wei(북위) had fallen into utter confusion because six-fortress(6鎭) rebelled against its government. And then The Northem Wei was divided into the Eastern Wei(동위) and Western Wei(서위). In the north region, Rouran(유연) was getting weak by the intimidation of Turk. At this time due to its internal troubles, Koguryo also had fallen into utter confusion. Koguryo lost the area of the Han river by the allied forces of Paekche and Shilla. In the meantime, Turk invaded Koguryo to prevent an alliance between Koguryo and Rouran. Koguryo had kept friendly relationship with Rouran temporarily. But Koguryo drove the enemy away. Turk destroyed Rouran and became to control the north region, later.
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강선아 ( Sun Ah Kang ) 한국미학회 2016 美學 Vol.82 No.2
이 논문은 창의성과 은유 사이의 공통 메커니즘을 모색하는것을 목적으로 한다. 우선 창의적 은유에 대한 블랙의 이론을 검토하고 창의적 은유가 야기하는 역설을 제시한다. 블랙은 창의적 은유를 통해세계를 보는 새로운 관점이 만들어지고 동시에 이 새로운 관점이 세계를 구성한다고 주장함으로써 역설을 만들었다. 블랙의 은유 이론을 발전시킨 인두르키아는 칸트의 인식론적 입장을 통해 창의적 은유의 역설이 해소될 수 있음을 보인다. 그는 또한 창의적 은유의 경우 근원 개념망과 목표 영역의 상호작용을 통해 목표 영역에 존재론적 변화가 일어난다고 주장하는데 이것은 쾨슬러가 주장하는 창의성의 메커니즘과 일치한다. 즉 창의적 은유와 창의성의 공통 메커니즘은 개념적 표상과 회화적 표상이 새로운 방식으로 결합한다는 것에서 찾을 수 있다. This paper aims at investigating common mechanism between creativity and metaphor. To begin with, Black’s theory on creative metaphor and its paradoxical consequence will be introduced. According to Black, creative metaphor creates novel perspectives on the world and this perspective constitutes the reality at the same time. This explanation seems hardly consistent with cognitive function of creative metaphor. In developing Black’s interaction theory, Indurkhya solves the paradox of creative metaphor through Kantian approach. He also argues that with regard to creative metaphor the interaction between source concept network and target realm causes ontological change in target realm. This mechanism is similar to Koestler’s mechanism of creativity in that conceptual representation and pictorial representation interact each other in unconventional way.
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姜仙(KANG Sun),禹悳燦(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.18 No.-
Koguryo had contacts with various non-Chinese people in north China as well as Chinese dynasties, which is natural considering Koguryo's geographical situation. Therefore, when one examines the foreign relationships of Koguryo, not only those with China but also those with non-Chinese people in the north have a significant meaning. In this paper, by examining how non-Chinese people including Xianbei, Qidan, and Rouran perceived Koguryo, I shall suggest the significance of Koguryo in East Asian history. In addition, I will investigate how the relationships between non-Chinese people in north China and Koguryo influenced on the international circumstances in East Asia. The contacts between Xianbei and Koguryo began since the common era. The actual contact was from when Murong Xianbei advanced to the Liaoxi region. According to Samguk sagi, Murong attacked Koguryo in 293 and 296 AD. The reason why Murong attacked on Koguryo is not certain. Considering the fact that Murong competed with other Xianbei tribes, Murong might have considered Koguryo as one of threatening powers. It is assumed that Murong attacked Koguryo in order to prevent Koguryo from interrupting internal conflicts among Xianbei tribes. As it moved to the 4th century, Koguryo competed with Murong in the Liaodong region. In 341, Murong established the Former Yan, and tried to expand its territory to the neighboring regions. In the next year, the Former Yan attacked Koguryo and seized Koguryo's capital. It is notable in that the purpose of the attack of the Former Yan was not on oppressing Koguryo, but cutting the ally between Koguryo and Yuwen tribe, and then finally destroying Yuwen tribe. Thus, the ultimate goal of the Former Yan was actually to gain the access to the Central Plain region. The Former Yan considered Koguryo as a threatening power, and the development of the nation depended on the success on the foreign policy against Koguryo The Qidan people who establised the Liao appeared in a written record from the late 4th century. According to Samguk sagi, Qidan invaded the border region of Koguryo in 378 in the 8th reign year of King Sosurim. King Kwanggaet' o campaigned against Qidan right after ascending to the throne. By the late 5th century, Qidan got influenced by the advance of Koguryo to the region of Hsiramulan river. In 479 when Koguryo and Rouran conspired together in dividing Didouyu At this time, oppressed by Koguryo, Qidan got incorporated into the Northern Wei. After the Sui dynasty established, some Qidan who were under Koguryo and Turks were absorbed into the Sui. Qidan got stronger by the late 6th century, and developed into the 10 tribes' confederation. The unification of the Sui brought the stability in Chinese territory However, a tension rose between Sui and Koguryo who competed for the hegemony in East Asia. As a war broke out between Sui and Koguryo, Qidan participated in a war as subsidiary troops. Qidan did not have an opportunity to have a political development or power expansion under the pressure of Koguryo and Chinese dynasties. Thus, it was impossible to act independently with its own identity. Rather, Qidari s existence depended on the political situations of powerful nations around it. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran gained power in the northern region of China along with the Northern Wei. Rouran allied with Koguryo in order to restrain and isolate the Northern Wei. In addition, Rouran allied with Koguryo in dividing Didouyu region in the effort to prevent the Northern Wei from exchanging with other countries. Rouran considered Koguryo as one of powerful nations in East Asia, and allied with Koguryo to isolate the Northern Wei. The international circumstance in East Asia by that time showed the balance of power among the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran and Koguryo. In summary, the non-Chinese people in north China considered Koguryo as an independent power different from
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강선아 ( Sun Ah Kang ) 한국미학회 2011 美學 Vol.66 No.-
단지 언어의 장식적인 사용일 뿐이라는 전통적인 비난으로부터 은유를 구제하기 위한 최근 시도들은 은유의 인지적 역할을 강조하는 경향을 나타낸다. 이 글에서는 이러한 연구들 중 은유의 의미 전달 측면을 강조하여 은유를 의미론적 현상으로 보려는 이론의 타당성을 검토한다. 진리조건 의미론의 전개 과정에서 은유적 의미가 의미론에 적합하지 않다고 간주된 이유를 각각 데이비슨의 외연적 의미론과 프레게의 내포적 의미론의 경우로 나누어 설명한다. 은유가 외연적 의미론과 내포적 의미론 중 어디에도 포함될 수 없는 주된 이유는 은유가 맥락에 따라 다르게 해석된다는 것이다. 그러나 맥락에 따라 의미가 달라지는 현상은 지시사와 같은 언어 표현에도 나타나며 카플란의 특성(character)과 내용(content) 구분은 지시사의 맥락 의존성을 의미론적으로 설명할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 카플란의 Dthat개념은 일상적 표현이 지시적으로 사용되는 현상 역시 의미론적으로 설명할 수 있다. 스턴의 Mthat 이론은 이러한 카플란의 Dthat 이론을 은유 이론에 적용한 것이다. 이 이론에 따르면 Mthat은 Dthat과 마찬가지로 일반적인 표현을 맥락 의존적 표현으로 만들지만 내용으로 대상을 산출하는 Dthat과는 달리 Mthat은 속성들의 집합을 산출한다. Mthat은 은유를 정당하게 의미론에 포함시키면서도 맥락에 따라 다양한 은유적 해석이 나타나는 현상을 설명할 수 있다고 주장된다. 그러나 Mthat의 도입은 우리의 언어적 직관에 맞지 않으며 언어의 형식 체계를 지나치게 복잡하게 만드는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 논의로부터 이 글에서는 은유에 대한 의미론적 접근은 은유의 인지적 역할을 주장하기 위한 적절한 방식이 아니라고 결론 내린다. Metaphor has been blamed for its emotive feature and for its dubious cognitive role. Recently, many theorists who attempt to defend metaphor from these blames emphasize the cognitive aspects of metaphor by means of metaphorical meaning. In this paper, I shall exam the semantic approaches to metaphor and show the reason why metaphorical meaning is not appropriate for truth-conditional semantics, neither extensional nor intensional. The main obstacle to the semantics of metaphor is that the meaning of metaphorical expressions varies depending on the context. Stem attempts to solve this problem with Mthat operator which has similar but distinct function from Kaplan`s Dthat. Both Dthat and Mthat make stable character into unstable, but unlike the character of Dthat, which yields an individual as its content, the character of Mthat expression yields sets of properties. On this base, Stem argues that metaphors are semantic clements. However, our linguistic intuition doesn`t support the existence of Mthat operator with regard to metaphor interpretation. Moreover, Mthat operator makes the syntactic structure of the language too complicated. The failure of the semantics of metaphor leads to the conclusion that semantics is not an appropriate method to show the cognitive aspects of metaphor.
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강선아 ( Sun Ah Kang ) 한국미학회 2010 美學 Vol.64 No.-
Semantics has been a comparatively ignored area in the discourse on pictures, presumably because, on the one hand, pictorial meaning seems to be so transparent that we can get it relatively with little effort and, on the other hand, Goodman`s influential theory of depiction preempts any possibility of proper syntax/semantics distinction with regard to pictorial representation. However, Kulvicki`s structural approach to pictorial representation provides a promising ground for syntactic identity criteria for pictures. He revises Goodman`s theory according to which syntactic and semantic density and relative repleteness jointly comprise discriminating conditions for pictorial representation. Kulvicki changes each condition to relative syntactic sensitivity, semantic richness and relative repleteness, and adds transparency condition to them. According to Kulvicki`s theory, linear perspective system is considered as a standard pictorial representation and projective invariants play an important role as an syntactically relevant properties of pictures, because syntactic identity of pictures supervenes on them. Once we acknowledge a syntax for pictures, we can proceed to the next step in which we establish formal semantics for pictures on the basis of the syntax. On this stage, Malinas seems to provide an appropriate model for formal semantics for pictures. A significant advantage of his model is that his doesn`t rely on linguistic reduction of pictorial content. According to Malinas` possible world semantics for pictures, regions and attributes of picture denote objects and attributes of scenes of possible worlds. This formula results in reducing pictorial content to visually perceptible one. This result is welcome because this reduced content can form a basic layer of pictorial meaning and consequently reveal the hierarchy of pictorial meaning. A semantics for picture may open up a road for systematic study on pictorial meaning.
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