고구려와 突厥의 전쟁

강선(Kang Sun) 고구려발해학회 2006 고구려발해연구 Vol.24 No.-

In 6th century, the international situation of the Northeast Asia had changed extensively. The Northem Wei(북위) had fallen into utter confusion because six-fortress(6鎭) rebelled against its government. And then The Northem Wei was divided into the Eastern Wei(동위) and Western Wei(서위). In the north region, Rouran(유연) was getting weak by the intimidation of Turk. At this time due to its internal troubles, Koguryo also had fallen into utter confusion. Koguryo lost the area of the Han river by the allied forces of Paekche and Shilla. In the meantime, Turk invaded Koguryo to prevent an alliance between Koguryo and Rouran. Koguryo had kept friendly relationship with Rouran temporarily. But Koguryo drove the enemy away. Turk destroyed Rouran and became to control the north region, later.

北方民族史에서 본 高句麗의 正體性

姜仙(KANG Sun),禹悳燦(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.18 No.-

Koguryo had contacts with various non-Chinese people in north China as well as Chinese dynasties, which is natural considering Koguryo's geographical situation. Therefore, when one examines the foreign relationships of Koguryo, not only those with China but also those with non-Chinese people in the north have a significant meaning. In this paper, by examining how non-Chinese people including Xianbei, Qidan, and Rouran perceived Koguryo, I shall suggest the significance of Koguryo in East Asian history. In addition, I will investigate how the relationships between non-Chinese people in north China and Koguryo influenced on the international circumstances in East Asia. The contacts between Xianbei and Koguryo began since the common era. The actual contact was from when Murong Xianbei advanced to the Liaoxi region. According to Samguk sagi, Murong attacked Koguryo in 293 and 296 AD. The reason why Murong attacked on Koguryo is not certain. Considering the fact that Murong competed with other Xianbei tribes, Murong might have considered Koguryo as one of threatening powers. It is assumed that Murong attacked Koguryo in order to prevent Koguryo from interrupting internal conflicts among Xianbei tribes. As it moved to the 4th century, Koguryo competed with Murong in the Liaodong region. In 341, Murong established the Former Yan, and tried to expand its territory to the neighboring regions. In the next year, the Former Yan attacked Koguryo and seized Koguryo's capital. It is notable in that the purpose of the attack of the Former Yan was not on oppressing Koguryo, but cutting the ally between Koguryo and Yuwen tribe, and then finally destroying Yuwen tribe. Thus, the ultimate goal of the Former Yan was actually to gain the access to the Central Plain region. The Former Yan considered Koguryo as a threatening power, and the development of the nation depended on the success on the foreign policy against Koguryo The Qidan people who establised the Liao appeared in a written record from the late 4th century. According to Samguk sagi, Qidan invaded the border region of Koguryo in 378 in the 8th reign year of King Sosurim. King Kwanggaet' o campaigned against Qidan right after ascending to the throne. By the late 5th century, Qidan got influenced by the advance of Koguryo to the region of Hsiramulan river. In 479 when Koguryo and Rouran conspired together in dividing Didouyu At this time, oppressed by Koguryo, Qidan got incorporated into the Northern Wei. After the Sui dynasty established, some Qidan who were under Koguryo and Turks were absorbed into the Sui. Qidan got stronger by the late 6th century, and developed into the 10 tribes' confederation. The unification of the Sui brought the stability in Chinese territory However, a tension rose between Sui and Koguryo who competed for the hegemony in East Asia. As a war broke out between Sui and Koguryo, Qidan participated in a war as subsidiary troops. Qidan did not have an opportunity to have a political development or power expansion under the pressure of Koguryo and Chinese dynasties. Thus, it was impossible to act independently with its own identity. Rather, Qidari s existence depended on the political situations of powerful nations around it. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran gained power in the northern region of China along with the Northern Wei. Rouran allied with Koguryo in order to restrain and isolate the Northern Wei. In addition, Rouran allied with Koguryo in dividing Didouyu region in the effort to prevent the Northern Wei from exchanging with other countries. Rouran considered Koguryo as one of powerful nations in East Asia, and allied with Koguryo to isolate the Northern Wei. The international circumstance in East Asia by that time showed the balance of power among the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Rouran and Koguryo. In summary, the non-Chinese people in north China considered Koguryo as an independent power different from

PTA-Ⅱ 시험설비를 활용한 KSR-Ⅲ Rocket 추진기관 종합시험

강선일(Kang Sun Il),권오성(Kwon Oh Sung),이정호(Lee Jung Ho),김영한(Kim Young Han),하성업(Ha Sung Up),오승협(Oh Seung Hyup),이수용(Lee Soo Yong) 한국추진공학회 2003 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.5

티(Tea) 전문점 선택속성이 만족에 미치는 영향* : 다중집단분석을 활용하여

강선아(Kang, Sun-Ah),이수범(Lee, Soo-Bum) 한국외식경영학회 2018 외식경영연구 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 티 전문점의 선택속성에 대해 알아보고, 만족과 어떠한 영향관계가 있는지 실증분석 하고자 하였다. 또한 티 관여도에 따른 집단 별 조절효과를 검증하였다. 분석결과 티 전문점 선택속성 중 티 메뉴, 물리적 환경, 청결성, 서비스 품질이 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 티 이외의 메뉴는 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 티 관여도 수준에 따른 조절효과 검증결과, 티 메뉴, 물리적 환경, 서비스 품질에서 조절효과가 나타났다. 저관여 집단의 경우 물리적 환경, 청결성, 서비스 품질이 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 티 메뉴와 티 이외의 메뉴는 유의한 영향관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고관여 집단의 경우 티 메뉴와 청결성이 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 물리적 환경, 티 이외의 메뉴, 서비스 품질은 만족에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. This study aims to empirically analyze tea house selection attributes and the influence relationship with satisfaction. Also this study verified the moderating effects in each group depending on the level of tea involvement. The analysis finding showed that among the tea house selection attributes, tea menu, physical environment, cleanliness and service quality positively influenced satisfaction, and other menu did not significantly influence satisfaction. When the moderating effects depending on the level of tea involvement was verified, there was a moderating effect in tea menu, physical environment and service quality. In a low-involvement group, physical environment, cleanliness and service quality positively influenced satisfaction, and there was no significant influence relationship between tea menu and other menu. In a high-involvement group, tea menu and cleanliness positively influenced satisfaction, and physical environment, other menu and service quality did not significantly influence satisfaction.

실시간 인증서 상태 관리 시스템의 모의 성능 시험

강선(Sun Kang),장태주(Taejoo Chang) 한국통신학회 2004 한국통신학회 학술대회 및 강연회 Vol.2004 No.12

영국 통신규제동향의 변화

강선아(Kang, Sun-A) 한국통신학회 2003 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.11

통신망 원가산정모형의 추세와 호주의 사례

강선아(Kang, Sun-A) 한국통신학회 2002 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.11

자체 루프백 기능이 있는 유토피아 인터페이스 구현 방안

강선(Sun Kang),장태주(Tae-ju Jang),장병화(Byung-wha Jang) 한국통신학회 2001 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.7

은유에 대한 의미론적 접근 비판

강선아 ( Sun Ah Kang ) 한국미학회 2011 美學 Vol.66 No.-

단지 언어의 장식적인 사용일 뿐이라는 전통적인 비난으로부터 은유를 구제하기 위한 최근 시도들은 은유의 인지적 역할을 강조하는 경향을 나타낸다. 이 글에서는 이러한 연구들 중 은유의 의미 전달 측면을 강조하여 은유를 의미론적 현상으로 보려는 이론의 타당성을 검토한다. 진리조건 의미론의 전개 과정에서 은유적 의미가 의미론에 적합하지 않다고 간주된 이유를 각각 데이비슨의 외연적 의미론과 프레게의 내포적 의미론의 경우로 나누어 설명한다. 은유가 외연적 의미론과 내포적 의미론 중 어디에도 포함될 수 없는 주된 이유는 은유가 맥락에 따라 다르게 해석된다는 것이다. 그러나 맥락에 따라 의미가 달라지는 현상은 지시사와 같은 언어 표현에도 나타나며 카플란의 특성(character)과 내용(content) 구분은 지시사의 맥락 의존성을 의미론적으로 설명할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 카플란의 Dthat개념은 일상적 표현이 지시적으로 사용되는 현상 역시 의미론적으로 설명할 수 있다. 스턴의 Mthat 이론은 이러한 카플란의 Dthat 이론을 은유 이론에 적용한 것이다. 이 이론에 따르면 Mthat은 Dthat과 마찬가지로 일반적인 표현을 맥락 의존적 표현으로 만들지만 내용으로 대상을 산출하는 Dthat과는 달리 Mthat은 속성들의 집합을 산출한다. Mthat은 은유를 정당하게 의미론에 포함시키면서도 맥락에 따라 다양한 은유적 해석이 나타나는 현상을 설명할 수 있다고 주장된다. 그러나 Mthat의 도입은 우리의 언어적 직관에 맞지 않으며 언어의 형식 체계를 지나치게 복잡하게 만드는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 논의로부터 이 글에서는 은유에 대한 의미론적 접근은 은유의 인지적 역할을 주장하기 위한 적절한 방식이 아니라고 결론 내린다. Metaphor has been blamed for its emotive feature and for its dubious cognitive role. Recently, many theorists who attempt to defend metaphor from these blames emphasize the cognitive aspects of metaphor by means of metaphorical meaning. In this paper, I shall exam the semantic approaches to metaphor and show the reason why metaphorical meaning is not appropriate for truth-conditional semantics, neither extensional nor intensional. The main obstacle to the semantics of metaphor is that the meaning of metaphorical expressions varies depending on the context. Stem attempts to solve this problem with Mthat operator which has similar but distinct function from Kaplan`s Dthat. Both Dthat and Mthat make stable character into unstable, but unlike the character of Dthat, which yields an individual as its content, the character of Mthat expression yields sets of properties. On this base, Stem argues that metaphors are semantic clements. However, our linguistic intuition doesn`t support the existence of Mthat operator with regard to metaphor interpretation. Moreover, Mthat operator makes the syntactic structure of the language too complicated. The failure of the semantics of metaphor leads to the conclusion that semantics is not an appropriate method to show the cognitive aspects of metaphor.

경영자보상과 이익조정간 관계연구

강선아(Sun A Kang),김용식(Yong Shik Kim) 한국경영학회 2014 經營學硏究 Vol.43 No.3

Previous research has shown that CEOs have incentives to manage reported earnings in order to maximise their own levels of compensation, which are typically determined by firm performance. The present study examines whether CEO overcompensation reduces earnings management in classic principal?agent settings by investigating the relationships between CEO compensation and upwards and downwards earnings management. We analyse data on Korean-listed firms from a sample period of 2005 to 2007 in order to estimate the levels of CEO overcompensation put forward by previous studies. Discretionary accruals are estimated by the modified Jones model, while we adopt established proxies of real activity-based earnings management. The presented findings show that earnings management significantly declines as CEO overcompensation increases. This negative relationship implies that managers reduce earnings management, when they receive overcompensation. We also find that CEO overcompensation has negative relationships with real earnings management under downwards earnings management and with discretionary accruals under upwards earnings management. These results suggest that that CEO overcompensation positively influences a firm`s long-term value considering when real earnings management could negatively influence on firm value. Our findings therefore suggest that CEOs choose earnings management tools in order to maximise their personal benefits and it has a positive effect by reducing opportunistic behaviour as well as the firm`s long-term risk. The results of this study showed as counterevidence on common criticism about CEO overcompensation and could thus be used as a guideline for future compensation systems.