어머니의 태교의식 및 태도와 유아건강과의 관련성 연구

황옥자 한국가족복지학회 1996 한국가족복지학 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand the relation between a woman's attitude toward her pregnancy and the result it has on her child health. The research was carried out by having 5 kindergarten teachers interview 202 mothers of the children from 5 different kindergartens based in Seoul and Kyongsangbukdo Province. The questionaire for the interview was written by the researcher. The data collected figured frequency and percentage and the difference was analized by X_2 test. The major findings are as follows: 1. Pregnant mothers felt very happy for having a baby and their husbands and other family members also showed lots of interest in the pregnancy. Their in-laws, however, showed negative reaction toward over mid-thirties the pregnancy. 2. Mothers' health during pregnancy was significantly affected by their age. Mothers ages 21-25 seemed to be most healthy. Most mothers were very cautious of taking drugs during pregnancy. 3. While housewives felt comfortable with their housework during pregnancy, mothers doing agricultural or physical work had hard time and were often inclined to be nervous. 4. Quite a few mothers were found to be sensitive and feel unstable. In particular, mothers over 36 years old felt more unstable in their early stage of pregnancy. 5. Husbands, in general, took a good care of their pregnant wives and showed a high amounts of interest. When mothers do business, fathers looked after their spouses the most. 6. Most mothers gave birth by natural delivery. More mothers ages 36 years old failed to give birth on expected date than under 20 years old. 7. Most mothers fed their babies breast milk. However, many mothers over 36 years old and having professional jobs were found to bottle-feed their babies. 8. A Mother's experience during her pregnancy was a significant influence on child health. The babies born by mothers with serious morning sickness during most of their pregnancy and some kinds of diseases were found to be physically very weak.

母의 子女 性差別에 관한 硏究 : 全北地方을 中心으로 in Jeon buk region

黃玉子 又石大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

This study was carried out for the mother's sex bias towards her son and daughter and the comparative analysis of her preferences to the son and daughter. The object of this study is a mother who live in Jeonbug province. Five hundred questionnaires which were grouped in accordance with region with the region and the age of mother were delivered. The questionnaires for this study were thirty-two. Ten questionnaires were selected from "A report on the measure of son-respect". Twenty two were from the "The psycology of sex differences". Ⅰ. The sex bias of the mother towards the son and daughter. 1. All mother preferred a son to a daughter. 2. There is no discrimination between the son and daughter during the raising after birth. But when a mother is over fifty year old they prefer a daughter rather than a son. 3. In case of sex role, mother was more satisfied with the behavior of a daughter than a son, on the contrary, she prefers a son to a daughter in the future expectation. Ⅱ. The comparative inspection of the mother preference of a son and that of a daughter. 1. The mother in the country prefers a son to a daughter, but there is no district difference in the preference of a daughter. 2. As a mother grew older, she preferred much more a son to a daughter, actively, but there were no differences in her preference of a daughter. 3. As the school career of the mother is lower, she prefers a son to a daughter, but there were no differences in her preference of a daughter 4. In proportion to the number of son, there was a difference in the preference of a son, but not a difference in the preference of a daughter. 5. If there were many daughters, the mother was more preferential for a son, but there was no relation to the number of her son in the preference of her daughter. 6. When the number of her son and her daughter was one or four, the mother was more preferential for her son, but there was no difference in the preference of the daughter.

GOENKA 위빠사나 명상과 마음치유

황옥자 한국명상상담학회 2010 명상심리상담 Vol.5 No.-

현대 인들이 앓고 있는 불면증, 불안, 우울증과 같은 마음의 병은 외적으로는 경쟁사회의 압박과 스트레스가 원인이고, 내면적으로는 마음의 갈등을 유발하는 삼독심에 의한다. 우리는 삶을 통해 피로해진 마음을 어떤 방법으로든 건강하게 회복하기를 원하는데, 그 방안 중 하나로 명상을 택하고 있다. 21세기는 명상의 시대라고 할 만큼 사람들에게 명상은 이제 보편화된 수행법이 되고 있다. 인간이 선천적 요인이든 후천적 요인이든 간에 건강하지 못한 마음상태로 삶을 살아간다는 젓은 큰 고통이 아닐 수 없으며, 삶 자제가 불행해지는 원인이 된다. 마음의 치유란 불균형 상태 의 마음을 균형 있고 조화로운 상태인, 원래의 순수하고 참된 마음자리로 회심하는 일이다. 즉 삼독심의 노예로부터 벗어나 자연의 법직에 맞는 삶을 살아갈 때 마음은 자연스럽게 치유될 수 있다. 모든 존재는 고통을 피하고 행복해지기를 원한다. 일체의 모든 것이 마음에서 만들어진다는 불교는 내마음 안에 행복과 불행이 다 들어 있다고 본다. 그 방법과 수행과정을 본 논문은 남방 불교의 대표적 수행법인고앵카 위빠사나 명상을 중심으로 논의하고자 한다. 그 이유는 고앵카 위빠사나 명상수행이 마음 깊이 뿌리박힌 습관화된 부정성들을 제거하여 상처난 마음을 정화하고, 자기 조절력과 자생력을 거워 마음의 건강을 이루어 나간다는 데 기인한다. Many scholars in the East and the West often say that the 21st century is an era of meditation. Mind diseases, including insomnia, anxiety and depression, suffered by people in today's world come from pressure, stress and greed in an increasingly competitive society. And people choose meditation as a way to overcome these diseases and recover their health. Regardless of whether it is due to an innate or acquired factor, living a life with an unhealthy mind is clearly the source of suffering and unhappiness. Mind healing refers to returning from an unbalanced state of mind to an innately innocent and sincere mind that is balanced and reconciled. Mind healing becomes possible when people stay away from the Three Poisons and live in line with the Laws of Nature. Every being wishes to live away from suffering and in happiness. Buddhism, which thinks everything starts from mind, believes our mind embodies both happiness and unhappiness. This study discusses a methodology and a practicing process for mind healing based on Goenka Vipassana Meditation, a practicing method of Buddhism because Goenka Vipassana Meditation helps to remove negative factors deeply rooted in mind, mend a wounded mind and achieve a healthy mind.

佛敎의 兒童敎育 哲學

黃玉子 동국대학교 경주대학 1995 東國論集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study lies in identifying philosophical foundation of child education by educationally approaching and exploring sayings of the buddha. The results were as follows : In the view of the developmental psychology, child is defined as the age ranging from birth to 12 with the immaturity in all ways of the early developing process. Immaturity means incomplete state where can not lead an independent life for himself so that he needs grown-up's help and protection during this period of time. However, Buddhism defines it in the point of enlightenment rather than in the point of development. Therefore what the immaturity of child means is the mental darkness reignorance, without reaching the enlightenment. The teaching of buddhism is based on the foundational philosophy which says that immature man is able to proved to be mature one by enlightenment. The philosophy so child education in buddhism is theory in which the goals, contents and method of education is grounded on the philosophy of buddhist in accordance with the development stage and level of child. First the goal of child education in buddhism can be summarized as giving help for development of the whole man's personality based on the view of the buddhist world. Specifically, it pursuits four aims such as ① Right development of mind ② Formation of subjective character ③ Thoughts of life respect ④ Enhancement of harmony and service mind. Second, For accomplishment of these goals in child education, I considered he contents of child education in sayings such as The Three studies, The Eight right ways, and The Six paramitas in line with the child's level. Finally, I systematized the method of child education according to the human-centered education and the development stage of the child and included the metaphoric method, the Questions and Answers method, the Cause and Occasion method and the Intuitional Self-fulfillment method.

불교적 관점에서 보는 어린이의 종교적 사고발달과 교육

황옥자 동국대학교 불교사회문화연구원 2001 불교문화연구 Vol.2 No.-

유아기의 심성발달에 관한 불교의 역할 및 방향모색

황옥자 韓國宗敎敎育學會 2001 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

본 논문은 유아기의 바람직한 심성발달을 위해 불교가 해야 할 역할과 이를 구체적으로 실행 가능하게 하는 교육적 방안은 무엇인지에 초점을 맞추어 불교적 관점에서 논의하였다. 오늘날 심성이란 용어는 마음, 인격, 인성, 기질 등과 같은 다양한 용어와 혼용되고 있으나 본 연구자는 마음이라는 개념으로 파악하여 사용하였다. 인간은 본래 선한 심성을 타고났다는 가치관에서 볼 때 유아기의 선한 심성을 변질이나 왜곡됨이 없이 계발 유지해 나갈 수 있도록 도모하는 일 또한 중요한 과제가 된다. 불전의 문헌을 살펴보면 깨달음을 얻기 위해 잘 가꾸어 가야할 바람직한 인간의 심성으로 영아의 마음상태인 영동심을 들고 있다. 그렇다면 영동심이야 말로 유아기에 지향하는 최상의 인간성이요 심성이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 논지에서 본 연구는 영동심의 발현에 초점을 맞추어 불교가 해야 할 역할과 구체적 방안을 아동의 발달적 특성이라는 입장을 고려하면서 모색하고 논의하였다. The thesis discusses the role of Buddhism in the desirable Mind Development of early childhood, thereby its methods to be pursued from the Buddhistic point of view. First, the definition of Mind is examined in line with Various religious papers, thereafter 'Mind Development' of children is discussed based on Buddhism. The focus of this paper is placed on the 'Young Child Mind' - the most innocent, pure mind as desirable mind of early childhood. Therefore, it tries to find out role of Buddhism and methods in order to develop and nurture 'Young Child Mind'.

幼兒期에 전개될 佛敎的 認識觀

황옥자 東國大學校 釋林會 1995 석림 Vol.29 No.-

불교부모교육 프로그램이 어머니의 자아개념 및 양육태도에 미치는 영향

황옥자 한국종교교육학회 2009 宗敎敎育學硏究 Vol.29 No.-

불교경전에는 자녀교육에 지침이 될 지혜와 탁월한 기법들이 많이 담겨져 있어 현대 부모교육 프로그램으로 수용하여 적절히 접목한다면 부모가 자기 자신을 바르게 이해하고 지혜를 키움으로써 자녀를 향한 양육태도에 긍정적인 효과를 발휘할 수 있다고 본다. 서구적 사상에 기초한 부모 교육이 주를 이루고 있는 한국의 현실에서 불교에 기초한 부모교육 프로그램은 한국인의 고유사상과 얼에 뿌리 내리고 있는 불교적 세계관에도 일치하여 한국적 부모교육으로서의 정체성 형성에도 도움이 된다고 믿는다. 이에 본 연구는 붓다의 수행법인 명상과 사무량심의 가르침을 기초로 개발한 불교부모교육 프로그램을 어머니들에게 실시하여 자아개념과 양육태도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 경북 G시에 위치한 D유치원 학부모 26명이며 무선표집에 의해 비교집단 13명, 실험집단 13명으로 각각 배정하였다. 실험집단 어머니들은 매주 1회 2시간씩 진행하는 총8주간 불교부모교육 프로그램에 참가하였고, 비교집단은 유치원에서 제공하는 일반 부모교육 활동에 참여하여 지식과 정보를 얻었다. 프로그램을 실시한 후 사전 사후검사를 통한 주요결과를 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째 어머니의 자아개념에서 실험집단이 비교집단보다 프로그램 실시 후 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 즉 자아개념의 5개 하위영역에서 4개영역인 능력적, 도덕적, 가정적, 사회적 자아개념에서 더 높은 점수를 보였으며 단 신체적 자아는 차이가 없었다. 둘째 양육태도에서 실험집단이 비교 집단보다 프로그램 실시 후 5개 하위영역 중 3개 영역에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 즉 프로그램 에 참여한 어머니들이 자율적, 민주적, 의도적 무관심 양육태도에서 더 높은 점수를 보임으로써 긍정적으로 향상되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 불교부모교육 프로그램이 어머니의 자아개념과 양육태도에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 밝혀주었다.

불교에서 본 유아교육의 부모역할 및 부모관에 관한 연구

황옥자 東國大學校 1992 東國論叢 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider the Parental role and View of the Institute of Early Childhood Education from a Buddhist viewpoint. This study followed the results of a parental education study in 1990, which was initiated to help make effective parental education. The results of the study are as follows : 1. The principle of self-esteem ; All people instinctively want to respect themselves and effective parental role is derived from this self-esteem. 2. The principle of transiency ; Parents have to recognize children as individuals, which is based on the Buddhist doctrine that change in all things is continual. 3. The principle of absence of ego ; If parents can rid themselves of absorption, they can comprehend the children's viewpoint. 4. The principle of the middle of the road ; effective parental roles can be performed through an attitude free from a biased idea and self-absorption. 5. The principle of Variety ; The parental role needs various types of knowledge and techniques, not uniform methods, as this promotes amicable relations with children. 6. The principle of charity ; Parental charity which can understand, tolerate and accept children's faults and weak points can help the growth of children.

태중환경이 출생 후 유·아동기 정서적 특성에 미치는 영향

황옥자 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between mother's experience during pregnancy and the emotion of children in their early childhood and childhood. A researcher and 7 preschool teachers interviewed 217 mothers and observed 217 children from 3 preschools in kyong-ju and Taegu. The results of the interview and observation were analyzed by frequencies, percentage, x^2 test and case study was also conducted. The findings revealed that : Positive fetal education during pregnancy had a great influence on stabilizing the emotion in childhood. Father's affection and help towards pregnancy was significantly related to the emotional stability in childhood. Mother's good health and stable emotion during pregnancy were considerably linked to the emotional stability in early childhood as well as childhood.