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한종인,조수영,백희정,김동연,천은희 대한마취통증의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.69 No.2
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate target concentrations at the effect site of propofol and remifentanil when deep sedation was achieved by monitored anesthesia care (MAC) anesthesia and related respiratory depression during vein stripping surgery for varicose veins. Methods: In total, 51 adult patients who were scheduled for varicose vein stripping surgery were sedated with propofol and remifentanil during the surgery, after administration of midazolam. Target concentrations at the effect site of the two drugs were changed based on the patient’s status. Respiratory support was applied in the order of oxygen supply, chin lift, and assisted mask ventilation. Target concentrations at the effect site of propofol and remifentanil, the need for respiratory support, and a six-point rating scale satisfaction score were the outcome measurements. Results: Only one patient did not require oxygen, eight patients needed oxygen alone, 22 patients required use of the chin lift technique, and 20 patients were assisted with mask ventilation. There was no significant difference in the target concentration of propofol or remifentanil between the patients who required mask ventilation and those who did not. Fifty of the 51 patients reported a satisfaction score of 6. Conclusions: Although MAC using low target concentrations of propofol and remifentanil during vein stripping surgery was satisfactory to patients, close observation regarding the need for respiratory assistance was necessary.
한종만 韓獨經商學會 1999 經商論叢 Vol.17 No.2
Diese Abhandlung beschaftigt sich mit der wirtschaflichen Kooperation zwischen Sud-Korea und der Russischen FOderation. Seit der diplomatischen Beziehung im Jahre 1990 ist die okonomische Kooperation(insb. Außenhandelsumfang und etc,) zwischen S?d-Korea und der Russischen Foderation mit enormem Tempo zugenommen. Neulich ist die okonomische Kooperation wegen der finanziellen Krisen beider Regierungenstagrliert und geschumpft. Deshalb ist das Kompensationsgeschaft als das Außenhandelserweiterungsinstrument diskutiert. Aber dieses Instrument soll inbegrenztem Umfang innerhalb kurzfristiger Zeit benutzt werden, denn das Kompensationsgeschaft sollte die verschiedenen Transaktionskosten in Kaufnehnlen. Langfristig gesehen, mit Hilfe der idealen gegenseitigen kornplernetaren Beziehungen und der geographischen Approximation wird die wirtschafltiche Kooperation zwischen S?d-Korea und der Russiischen F?deration in starkerem Maße zuwachsen.
한국 영어학습자들의 영어발음 오류 분석을 통한 발음지도 방안
한종임 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 1999 교과교육학연구 Vol.3 No.2
본 논문의 목적은 한국 영어학습자들이 영어를 발음할 때 한국어의 부정 전이 현상으로 인하여 영어발음에 오류가 생기는 원인을 이론적으로 분석하고, 영어학습자들의 영어 발음 오류를 효과적으로 지도할 수 있는 활동 유형을 제시함으로써, 궁극적으로 영어교육현장에서 영어학습자들의 영어발음을 지도하는데 의미있는 정보를 제공하는 데 있다. 이를 위한 구체적인 방안으로, 본 연구는 한국 영어학습자들의 효과적인 발음지도를 위한 이론적 토대로서, 영어와 한국어의 자음 및 모음 체계 차이, 음절 구조 차이, 한국어 음운 규칙의 영향에 의한 발음 오류를 분석하고자 한다. 이러한 음운론적 이론 결과에 근거하여, 본 연구는 우리 나라 영어학습자들의 영어 발음 오류 교정에 도움이 될 수 있는 의사소통 중심, 학습자 중심, 과업 및 활동 중심의 영어발음지도 교수 방법을 제시하고자 한다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the patterns of Korean EFL leamers’ English pronunciation errors in terms of Korean and English consonant and vowel system, syllable structure, and Korean phonological rules. It also aims to provide a wide range of activities for the effective teaching of English pronunciation in the framework of communicative teaching method. The main results of the study are as follows. First, Korean EFL learners tend to mispronounce the following sounds due to the differences of Korean and English consonant system voiced stop sounds such as [b, d, g], voiced alveolar and palatal fricative sounds such as [z, з, dз], and voiced liquid like [r]. Secondly, they tend to have difficulties both in discriminating and producing the contrasts observed in the tense and lax vowels such as [i] and [ı], and [u] and [<그림그룹> <그림내용 sizex="6" sizey="8" src=".\6-406-9902-02_images\image007.jpg"/> </그림그룹>], due to the absence of the lax vowels in Korean. Thirdly, Korean EFL learners tend to insert the central high vowel [<그림그룹> <그림내용 sizex="5" sizey="11" src=".\6-406-9902-02_images\image008.jpg"/> </그림그룹>] between English consonant clusters, due to the different syllable structure. Fourthly, they also tend to pronounce each syllable at the same length of time, regardless of the number of stressed syllables, which can be attributed to the different rhythm. Finally, the negative transfer of Korean phonological rules, especially nasalization, is responsible for the Koreanized English pronunciation. Based on these results, the study provides a wide range of learner centered, task-based, and meaningful communicative activities for the effective teaching of English pronunciation to Korean EFL learners.
한종인,이춘희,이귀용,정락경,황현정 대한마취과학회 1994 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.27 No.10
Routine use of supplemental oxygen(O2) in the recovery room traditionslly has been used to minimize the incidence of hypoxemia. However with the advent of continuous noninvasive monitoring by pulse oximetry is routine administration of O₂ necessary? We hypothesized that administration O₂ as needed based on pulse oximetry dats, would effect without compromieing patient care. And factors that might influence the incidence of post-operative hypoxemia were analyzed. On hundred thirty eight adult (≥18yrs) patients were enrolled in the study. During recovery room care, when O₂ saturation(SpO₂) was continuously more than 94%, no supplemental O₂ was given. When SpO₂ was less than 94%, supplemental O₂ was given by face mask(O2 51/min). SpO₂ and Aldrete score(AS) were measured at preoperatively, at the end of anesthesia, on arrival in the recovery room, at 10 min, 20 min and 30 min after arrival in the RR and at discharge. The results are as follows: 1) Supplemental O₂ was unneeessary in the 55.8% of patient for the dration of the recovery room stay. 2) A significant multiple correlation was found between low SaO₂ level, while breathing room air on arrivsl in the recovery room and preoperative SpO₂, weight and Aldrete score on arrival in the recovery room. With the above results the authors concluded that in as much as pulse oximetry monitoring is now standard in the recovery room, administration O₂ as need based on the pulse oximetry data would effect without compromising patient care, and that preoperative oxygen saturation and weight are the main factors influencing early postopertative hypoxemia in this study.