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      • 日本の‘真名野長者伝説’と韓国の‘薯童伝説’

        金賛會 동의대학교 인문사회연구소 2010 인간과 문화 연구 Vol.17 No.-

        When comparing the Seo-Dong legend with the mananochoujya legend, it seems very likely that the main character 'Mana' really has existed. Furthermore, it is possible that King Mana from the book 'Nihonshoki' and the grandson of King Dong-Seong of Baekje incorporate one and the same person. Considering King Moo-Wang from the 'King Moo-Wang folk tale' mentioned in 'Samgukyusa', it is very likely that he actually existed as King Dong-Seong, the 24th king of Baekje. In his youth, King Moo-Wang used to be called 'Mato'. Similarly, the 'Nihonshoki' considered King Dong-Seong of Baekje as King Mata. Due to this coincidence, Mato and Mata are thought of as one person. Moreover, from 'Samgukyusa' it can be derived, that King Dong-Seong is being referred to as 'the son of Mutsu', as well as 'Muta, the descendant'. Considering the fact that Muta and Mata are affiliates of Kaya, we can therefore make the assumption that King Dong-Seong of Baekje is a descendant of Kaya. It is said that the 'God of Hachimanshin', to whom the national treasure of 'Usa Hachimangu Shrine' is dedicated, is the Emperor 'Oujin', also referred to as 'Homuta'. Furthermore, he and 'Muta' are the same person, in other words : King Dong-Seong, the father of King Mana who is the main character of the mananochoujya legend. Even today, many places in Kyushu still carry the name of 'Muta'. Hachimanshin condescended to Makinomine, Usa-City, Oita-Prefecture. The letters 'ki' of the word 'Maki' mean 'village' or 'place', same as 'Mana'. Also, 'Maki' as well as 'Mimana' mean Kaya. The fact, that Hachimanshin appeared as an old blacksmith, shows Hachimanshin as the god of iron and as a descendant of Kaya – the iron manufacturing country. These days, the place where Hachimanshin is being worshipped carries the names 'Kameyama' and 'Kujibon'. This is the same place where King Kim Sooro descended from. Hachimanshin appeared as an old blacksmith near the Hishigata-Ike pond at the foot of the mountain Kameyama. It says, "something mysterious happened. He became a golden hawk." This transformation into a hawk took place during the rivalry for the throne, where King Kim Sooro from Kaya became an eagle while Talhae changed into a hawk. Once more, the king transformed into a sparrow hawk when Talhae became a sparrow. In this context, the hawk symbolizes or represents the god of iron. 韓国の‘薯童伝説’と日本の‘真名野長者伝説’を比較検討した結果、主人公‘真名’は実在した可能性がきわめて高く、《日本書紀》に見える‘麻那王’と同一人物で、百済国の東城王の息子と考えられる。 《三国遺事》の‘武王物語’として記されている武王は実は武王ではなく、百済国の第二十四代の‘東城王’である可能性が高い。武王の幼名は、‘薯童(まと)’である。《日本書紀》によれば、百済国の‘東城王’を‘末多王(またおう)’としているが、この‘末多(また)’は‘薯童(まと)’の音に通じる。《三国史記》には東城王が‘牟大’と記され、中国の史書には‘牟都’の子、または孫として‘牟大’が見える。この‘牟大’と‘末多’は伽耶国系列の名前であることから東城王は伽耶国と同系統の百済王と見ることができる。 国宝宇佐八幡宮の主祭神の八幡神は応神天皇ともいわれ、その異称は‘誉田(ほむた)’となっており、‘真名野長者伝説’の主人公・真名(麻那)の父王と思われる東城王の異称‘牟大(むた)’と同じであり、現在でも九州には牟田(むた)の名が数多くの地名として残されている。 八幡神は最初、大分県宇佐市にある‘馬城峰’に降臨したとなっているが、この‘馬城’の‘城(き)’は‘那’と同じ‘村’‘国’または‘場所’を意味し、‘馬城’は‘マナ’と同じで任那(みまな)の伽耶国を意味する。また八幡神が鍛冶翁としてその姿を現したというのは八幡神が製鉄神であり、製鉄王国であった伽耶国出身であることを示すものである。現在、八幡神が祀られているところは‘亀山’であり、これは伽耶国の金首露王の降臨地の‘亀旨峰’と一致するものである。 亀山の麓の菱形池のほとりで八幡神が鍛冶屋の翁としてその姿を見せ、‘金色の鷹となり、あるいは金色の鳩と化すなど不思議なことが起きた’となっているが、この鷹の変身の光景は、伽耶国の首露王が新羅国の脱解と王位争いの競争で、‘脱解が変身して鷹になると首露王は鷲と化し、脱解が雀になると首露王は鷂(はいたか)と化して、脱解を降伏させた’という趣向ときわめて類似し、ここで鷹は製鉄神の象徴であった。

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