폐리튬배터리(LIBs)에서 유가금속(Ni, Co, Mn, Li) 회수 시발생하는 황산나트륨의 처리 및 회수 연구

조연철,서민혁,이영재,안재우 대한금속·재료학회 2024 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.62 No.4

Concerns have arisen regarding the high concentrations of sodium sulfate in wastewater resultingfrom the waste Li-ion battery wet recycling process. In addressing this issue, Bipolar electrodialysis wasemployed to desalinate high-concentration sodium sulfate and recover it as sulfuric acid and sodiumhydroxide. The investigation encompassed various experimental variables, such as applied voltage(maintained at a constant level), feed solution concentration, the initial concentrations of sulfuric acid andsodium hydroxide, and volume ratio (F/A/B). Optimal conditions were determined by assessing watermigration (%), the recovery rates (%) of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide, concentration of the recoveredsubstances, process time, and energy consumption. A higher applied voltage was found to reduce process timewhile increasing energy consumption, with the 25 V condition considered preferable. When utilizing a highconcentrationfeed solution, energy consumption rises; however, it decreases per unit of processed solution,rendering a 1.30 M Na2SO4 feed solution preferable. Increasing initial concentrations of sulfuric acid andsodium hydroxide substantially prolonged process time and increased energy consumption, emphasizing theadvantage of commencing with low initial concentrations. Adjusting the volume ratio facilitated theconcentration and recovery of sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide with minimal impact on process time orenergy consumption. Under the identified optimal conditions, the recovery of 1.70 M sulfuric acid and 2.44M sodium hydroxide was achieved.

女子中學生의 體格 및 體力 實態에 關한 硏究

趙衍澈 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1990 科學論集 Vol.16 No.-

The followings are the findings of a field survey on the physique and physical capabilities of 1,374 girls enrolled in 24 classes at the N Junior High School. 1) Table for physique by Age Age 12 13 14 15 16 Total Division N 209 260 278 354 273 1,374 M 148.7 151.5 154.0 157.6 160.1 154.4 height(㎝) S.D ±5.8 ±4.4 ±4.1 ±5.7 ±5.8 ±5.2 M 42.1 43.7 45.2 46.3 50.7 45.6 body weight(㎏) S.D ±6.8 ±7.8 ±7.4 ±7.8 ±8.4 ±7.6 M 72.5 73.9 75.8 76.8 78.4 75.5 chesegirth(㎝) S.D ±4.9 ±5.6 ±5.8 ±5.8 ±5.7 ±5.5 M 81.3 81.6 83.0 84.2 85.1 83.0 sittingheight(㎝) S.D ±3.0 ±3.7 ±3.2 ±4.0 ±3.5 ±3.5 2) Table for Physical Strengths (capabilities) by Age Age 12 13 14 15 16 Total Division N 209 260 278 354 273 1,374 M 18.3 18.7 18.7 18.8 18.6 18.6 100mrun(sec) S.D ±0.23 ±0.2 ±0.21 ±0.22 ±0.22 ±0.22 Standing M 174.2 176.7 177.0 178.4 180.2 177.3 long jump(㎝) S.D ±4.1 ±3.5 ±3.4 ±3.0 ±3.3 ±3.5 Flexed M 17.2 17.6 19.1 19.3 19.3 18.5 arm Hang(sec) S.D ±0.71 ±0.80 ±0.82 ±0.76 ±0.86 ±0.76 M 20.8 20.0 20.8 20.0 21.7 20.7 thro wing(m) S.D ±4.7 ±4.8 ±4.9 ±3.8 ±4.9 ±4.6 M 29.9 29.9 34.6 33.9 35.1 32.7 sit-ups S.D ±6.9 ±8.9 ±8.9 ±7.6 ±6.6 ±7.8 M 4'11" 4'12" 4'11" 4'13" 4'12" 4'12" 800m Run (sec) S.D ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.6 ±0.6 ±0.5

테니스競技의 발리에 關한 硏究

趙衍澈,宋哲圭 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1986 科學論集 Vol.12 No.-

In modern tennis, a nte play is very important to accupy a net affects victory and defeat much so we obtained this conclusion analizing and investigating to make players in boys and girls middle or high school recognite theimportance of 「volley」 which is a major in a net play. 1. A Skill of volley stroke is used for gaining score of players in boys and girls middle or high school. 2. It is analized that boy players have more net plays than girl players. 3. A. Skill of volley net play made to gain more scores in double game than in single game. 4. It is analized that they have to study about serve because 「serve」 doesn't goin a lof of scores. As. this researcher described, a net play leads the modern tennis and a skill of volleyis contributed to a good score. I want young players to recognize the skills and to study and practice it.

바이폴라 전기투석을 이용한 수산화리튬 회수에 관한 기초 연구

조연철,김기훈,안재우,이재헌 대한금속·재료학회 2021 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.59 No.4

Bipolar electrodialysis was used in a process of desalting a lithium sulfate solution, converting it to lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and concentrating and recovering them. The effects of the experimental variables such as applied voltage, the concentration of electrode solution, the concentration of raw material solution, volume ratio, and impurity were confirmed. The optimum conditions were investigated by comparing the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, the process time, and energy consumption. As the applied voltage was increased, the energy consumption tended to increase, but the processing time decreased significantly. As the concentration of lithium sulfate in the raw material solution increased, the conversion(%) of lithium hydroxide decreased. As the concentration of lithium sulfate increased, the energy consumption did not increase linearly, and energy consumption increased significantly. When a raw material solution of 0.5 M Li2SO4 or more is used in the bipolar electrodialysis process, an applied voltage of 25 V is preferable. As the applied voltage increased at a constant process time, the conversion(%) of LiOH and H2SO4 increased. Regarding the effect of the electrode solution concentration, when a 5.0 wt% electrode solution was used rather than a 3.0 wt% electrode solution, energy consumption decreased by more than 10%. When the volume of the raw material solution was increased, the processing time required for desalting increased. By using a low concentration raw material solution, it was confirmed that it was simultaneously possible to recover and concentrate lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid through volume ratio control. When the raw material solution contained Na as an impurity, it was converted to NaOH with a surface LiOH, and it was not possible to separate the lithium and sodium.

중국 체육행정 조직관리의 이론적 고찰

조연철,임용호 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1997 科學論集 Vol.23 No.-

In these days, an open-door policy and the market economy of China have an effect on development of the all chinese society, and bring on changes in many fields- politics, economy, culture, and so on. Thus, the administative oganization of physical education on centralizing system based on existing planned economy system is changing. The system of the existing administative oganizationth of physical education is divided by the management system of government and community. The management system of government for administative oganization of physical education is still characteristic of centralizing system carried out main projects of physical education. There is many changes as result of system reformation to achieve the proper management system of administative oganization of physical education for the market economy. The management of centralizing system is weakened, and the self-control of the management system of community improve, that is, the macroscopic management funtion of government and microscopic management funtion of community is stregthened.

農村高校生의 體格및 運動能力實態에 關한 調査硏究 : 慶北道內 一部 高校生을 中心으로 For Some Highschool Students in Gyeongbuk Province

趙衍澈 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1981 科學論集 Vol.7 No.-

By the result of the study on students' physique and physical performance, tree hundred twenty students of male 206 and female 114 of highschool students in Gyeongbuk Province, I had the conclusion as the followings: 1. The height and physical performance for each age are given in Table 4. Table 4. Actual conditions of Physique and physcial perforonance by age. ============================================================================== Division Sex 15 16 17 18 total ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ height(㎝) M 158.22±4.37 168.71±3.14 165.01±5.82 166.29±4.48 164.56±4.45 F 154.79±5.08 157.92±4.48 156.24±3.48 158.15±4.26 156.78±4.33 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ body weight M 46.41±3.87 51.79±4.25 56.96±5.18 57.74±4.68 53.23±4.49 (㎏) F 49.87±4.48 51.16±5.28 49.85±4.26 54.13±3.67 51.25±4.42 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ chest girth M 77.41±3.66 83.18±4.34 86.58±4.26 85.79±3.68 83.24±3.99 (㎝) F 79.75±3.54 80.54±4.67 81.87±4.84 82.76±3.58 81.23±4.16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ sitting M 83.92±2.28 86.84±2.37 88.14±2.46 90.08±2.92 87.25±2.51 height F 84.75±2.36 85.96±2.56 85.78±2.79 86.06±2.38 85.64±2.52 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grip-S(㎏) M 39.58±6.27 42.17±5.42 48.81±4.48 48.62±4.26 44.80±5.11 F 32.79±4.85 27.82±3.27 30.63±4.67 32.12±4.36 30.84±4.29 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Trunk-F(㎝) M 12.59±4.28 13.37±5.48 9.59±3.56 12.96±4.28 12.13±4.39 F 8.47±3.27 12.18±4.58 11.96±4.26 13.78±3.56 11.60±3.92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30.S.SIT.U M 31.18±5.45 34.96±2.61 40.59±3.85 39.58±4.28 36.58±4.05 (times) F 21.59±3.38 22.99±2.56 17.98±3.96 19.95±2.36 20.63±3.07 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SLJ(㎝)M 233.59±16.93 230.15±16.22 244.47±15.01 246.76±15.46 238.74±15.91 F 202.78±12.78 191.96±16.36 190.37±15.26 184.16±14.27 192.32±14.59 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- shuttle-R M 12.16±0.82 11.48±0.45 10.96±0.76 11.04±0.62 11.41±066 (second)F 12.29±0.87 12.44±0.45 12.24±0.62 12.58±0.86 12.39±0.7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50m Dash M 8.69±0.56 8.16±0.89 7.38±0.72 7.32±0.48 7.89±0.66 (second) F 9.28±0.75 10.11±0.84 9.72±0.55 9.06±0.27 9.54±0.60 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. On the body controlling of highschool students in Gyenogbuk Province, I concluded that it needs background for us to develop muscular power, endurance and agility for 15years old male, power for 16, and flexibility for 17 years old male; and flexibility for 15 years old female, muscular power for 16 endurance for 17, and power and agility for 18 years female.

실내사회체육시설의 온도, 습도, 조명도에 관한 실태분석

조연철,이원재,이달원,김영환 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1995 科學論集 Vol.21 No.-

This study is aimed to analyze investigations on the envoronmental conditions of indoor sports facilities and to research the effects of environmental pollutants on the health. Among the sites of rollerskate, bowling, table tennis, and taekwondo in Taegu city area, three sites were selected in this study respectively. The data measured are temperature, humidity and illumination. These examined data were compared with seasons, indoor and outdoor, and time from standard levels. The conclusions derived from the results obtained are as follows : Air temperture was not significantly different in all times, but showed significant differences between indoor and outdoor values. In bowling site, it was not significantly different in seasons. In rollerskate site, it showed distinctive differences among 4 sites. Humidity did not show significant difference with time, but was the lowest between 2-4 p.m. and 6-8 p.m. in winter. So temperature variation had effects on the discomfort in indoor sports facilities more than temperature level itself. Illumination was below 100 Lux in rollerskate and taekwondo sites, over 100 Lux in table tennis and bowling sites. This investigation revealed some negative aspects of environmental management. So we must be able to maintain artificial illumination for guests' eye-power. From the above results, the government is requested to prepare an appropriate administrative measure for the commercial indoor sports facilities.

洋弓競技의 Double FITA Round 와 Grand FITA Round에 關한 硏究

趙衍澈 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1989 科學論集 Vol.15 No.-

It is believed important that we should understand the new style of archery game in accordance with the enforcement, changed from from FITA Round to Grand FITA. To reach its goal, this paper analyzed the ranks and scores, ranging from Open Round to Final game, of the players, who won a prize at Grand Final by taking as a sample 24 man and woman's ace players at 18th and 19th toal champion ship tournaments, which were first carried out by that method in this nation. The resuit was that top ranking players at the preliminary were not always so at the Final. When leaders as well as flayes accept the fact as a subject of further studies, and change their directing and training methods respectively, It will end in making the players poroduce a better way for improving their abilities performing that game.

市內 高校生의 成長發育 및 營養實態에 關한 硏究 : 인문, 실업고 남학생을 중심으로 Chiefly with reference to Male Students

趙衍澈 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1989 科學論集 Vol.15 No.-

With the view to investigate growth and Nutritive State of highschool students of the Taegu area hiehght, weight, chest, and sitting height were measured for twenty days, from September 10th to 30th, 1986. On the basis of this data, various kinds of numerical index were calculated. The Status of growth. 1. Status of growth. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex Liboral Vocational (high school students) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- average height(cm) 167.85+4.88 165.14-5.28 average weight(kg) 58.80+5.85 56.02+5.60 average chest(cm) 86.15+5.17 82.12+4.65 average sitting height(cm) 90.51+4.87 89.39+5.06 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Index of physical structure. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sex Liberal Vocational -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Comparative Weight 35.03 33.92 Comparative chest 51.33 49.72 Comparative sitting height 53.93 54.13 Rohrer Index 1.243 1.240 Kaup Index 2.086 2.053 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Verveack index marks under 90 which means the stats of nourishment is not so sufficient. 4. Average nutition indux is as below: Liberal 86.36 Vocational 83.65

體育管理의 理論的 考察(1) : 槪念을 中心으로 A Conceptual Framework(1)

趙衍澈 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1983 科學論集 Vol.9 No.-

This study is concerned with the conceptualization of the athletic management in the theoretical perspectives. The concept of athletic management comprises the elements of management of athletic phenomena, management of athletic skills, and management of athletic administration. In a narrower perspective, the athletic management has two functions. First, it will provide direction or order to the field of athletics or its related conditions based upon a certain criterion or standard. Secondly. it will promote the coordination and harmony among these interrelated factors. In a broader sense, the athletic management can be defined in a more comprehensive term which includes indirect or secondary functions of athletics; that is to accommodatevarious conditions in order for the athletic maintenance and its improvement. Nevertheless, it is no less important in the future studies on athletics to develop the skills of athletic administration, athletic management, and athletic guidance respectively in order to reinforce this theoretical study.