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기생저항 및 트랜지스터 비대칭이 고저항 SRAM 셀의 읽기동작에 미치는 영향
최진영,최원상,Choi, Jin-Young,Choi, Won-Sang 한국전기전자학회 1997 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.1 No.1
회로 시뮬레이터를 이용하는 DC 셀 노드전압 분석방법을 적용하여, 고저항 SRAM 셀 구조에서 기생저항들과 트랜지스터 비대칭에 의해 야기되는 정적 읽기동작에서의 동작마진을 조사하였다. 이상적인 셀에 기생저항을 선택적으로 추가함으로써 각 기생저항들이 동작 마진에 끼치는 영향을 조사한 뒤, 기생저항이 좌우대칭 쌍으로 존재하는 경우에 대해 조사하고, 또한 셀 트랜지스터의 채널폭을 선택적으로 변화시켜 트랜지스터의 비대칭을 야기시킴으로써 트랜지스터 비대칭에 의한 동작 마진의 저하를 분석하였다. 분석 방법은 시뮬레이션된 셀 노드전압 특성에서 두 셀 노드전압이 하나의 값으로 수렴되는 전원전압의 값과 $V_{DD}=5V$에서 셀 노드전압의 차를 비교함으로써 상대적인 동작 마진을 비교하는 방법을 사용하였다. 회로 시뮬레이션에 의존한 본 분석으로부터 셀의 정적 읽기동작에 가장 심각한 영향을 끼치는 기생저항 성분과 트랜지스터의 비대칭 형태를 규명함으로써 새로운 셀 구조 설계시 참고할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다. By utilizing the technique to monitor the DC cell node voltages through circuit simulation, degradation of the static read operating margin In high load-resistor SRAM cell was examined, which is caused by parasitic resistances and transistor asymmetries in this cell structure. By selectively adding the parasitic resistances to an ideal cell, the influence of each parasitic resistance on the operating margin was examined, and then the cases with parasitic resistances in pairs were also examined. By selectively changing the channel width of cell transistors to generate cell asymmetry, the influence of cell asymmetry on the operating margin was also examined. Analyses on the operating margins were performed by comparing the supply voltage values at which two cell node voltages merge to a single value and the differences of cell node voltages at VDD=5V in the simulated node voltage characteristics. By determining the parasitic resistances and the transistor asymmetries which give the most serious effect on the static read-operation of SRAM cell from this analysis based on circuit simulated, a criteria was provided, which can be referred in the design of new SRAM cell structures.
최진영,양동범,홍기훈 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.3
Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides was studied in sediment dwelling bivalves, Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), collected from the midwestern coast of Korea. As witnessed by the dominance of tetra- to penta-chlorinated congeners in sediments and the penta- to hexa-chlorinated congener dominance in clams, the profile of PCBs in the sediments and Manila clams differed. Lipid and organic carbon-normalized biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were determined for organochlorine pesticides. BSAFs of β- hexachlorocyclohexane (β- HCH) and ΣDDTs were in the range of 0.06~1.36 and 0.31~1.06. No clear relationships were found between BSAFs of ΣDDTs in Manila clams and the concentrations of DDTs in the associated sediment. The accumulated PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were compared in Manila clams and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected from 3 sites. Highly chlorinated PCBs were more commonly found in oyster tissues than in clam tissues. The reasons for the different accumulation pattern of organic pollutants in the two organisms are discussed.
A Study on the Binding Condition of the Pronouns in Arabic
최진영 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2012 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.16 No.2
The goal of this research is to study the binding condition of the pronouns in Arabic. The research seeks to reach two goals: The first is to highlight the binding theory as the most important principles in Universal Grammar because the binding theory does not deal with the phenomenon of semantic referential relations between linguistic elements in the S-structure, but also deals with the phenomenon of syntactic movement. The second is to investigate the binding condition of the pronouns. In order to accomplish this goal, I will classify the pronouns into two categories, 1) lexical pronouns such as personal pronouns and suffix pronouns, 2) empty pronouns including anaphoric pronoun (PRO) and small pronoun(pro). As a way to analysis the semantic referential relations between the pronouns and its antecedents, the binding condition of the pronouns will be suggested as follows: All the pronouns must be free in their governing category. This research will check the binding condition of three kinds of the pronouns, that is, suffix pronouns, PRO, and pro, whether the pronouns follow the binding condition mentioned above. This work is considered as a try to identify the universal properties of the binding theory suggested by Chomsky. Also, I will propose the parameters of Arabic pronouns. Especially, there is a difference between PRO in English and PRO in Arabic in that PRO in English is ungoverned, whereas PRO in Arabic is governed. In addition, this study will research the binding condition of small pronoun (pro) which is generated in the place of the subject of the verb. It’s noteworthy to indicate that pro is a common phenomenon in some languages like Arabic, Italian, Spanish in which there is no an apparent subject. As a result, this research will examine how three pronouns observe the binding condition of the pronouns and propose the restrictions to prevent the formulation of ungrammatical structures.
최진영 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2020 중동연구 Vol.38 No.3
The aim of this paper is to specify the bounding nodes in Arabic sentence, which is considered as one of the most important local constraints, through the analysis of Wh-movement. The concept of bounding nodes is related to subjacency condition. Subjacency condition is a general constraint on movement rules based on the concept of distances: 'Movement rules cannot be applied across more than two bounding nodes at a time.' The bounding nodes represent a kind of boundary in which a component can skip when applying the movement rule, and restrict ungrammatical movements. The bounding nodes exist in all languages, but differ from language to language. In English, NP, IP, CP, are bounding nodes, while in Arabic, NP, PP, IP, CP are bounding nodes. It should be noted that CP usually acts as a bounding node, but CP in Arabic does not act as a bounding node when the raising verbs come up, and in English, it does not act as a bounding node when verbs such as think, say, consider, suppose etc are used. In this case, wh- movement is permitted. In other word, wh-movement is accepted to move from a source place in IP to a destination place, that is C(complementizer) in the beginning of the sentence over two bounding nodes. The limitation of CP is depend on the syntactical information of the verb, which reflects the universality of languages. Subjacency condition was proposed as a general constraint on the transformation rule in universal grammar, which can be regarded as the most effective constraint that restricts the generation of ungrammatical sentences through free movement.