우유의 저온살균처리에 있어서 대장균의 열저항력에 관한 연구

송우준 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1975 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.3 No.1

Twenty eight strains of coliform bacteria were obtained from three dairy barns. The results of heat resistancy of coliform bacteria on temperature ranged from 60 to 65 for 30 minutes are summerized as follows. 1) Most of wliform bacteria were destroyed at milk teurization temperature but several survived colform cultures were observed. 2) 57.15% of coliform cultures were destroyed at 61℃, and 85.79% of coliform cultures of destroyed at 62℃. 3) No survived coliform cultures were observed at 64℃, and 65℃, but one coliform culture, 3.5% was survived at 62℃, and 63℃, respectively. 4) This experiment suggests that the coliform-bacteria pasteurized milk is not only secondary contamination but also survived at the hit. 5) further experiment will be needed about the growth of coliform bacteria in marked milk during transportation and until it is consumed. 6) No heat resistance difference of coliform bacteria was observed among three dairy barns. 7) It is advisable that the milk from healthy cow should be pasteurized at the temperatures between 64.and 65.for 30 minutes. The pasteurized milk should be Sanatry handled, kept, and transported in order to supply wholesome milk to consumers.

재래산양의 단발정주기중 혈청 Progesterone 및 Estradiol - 17β 의 수준의 변화

송우준,박충생,최상용 ( D . J . Song,C . S . Park,S . Y . Choe ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.10

The peripheral blood was collected from 6 Korean native goats which showed a short estrous cycle from 5.5 to 7.0 days. The serum levels of progesterone and estradiol-17β were determined at the interval of 12 hours through the estrous cycle. Using a vasectomized buck the estrous behaviours of the goats were checked twice a day. The average levels of serum progesterone were found lower than 0.02ng/㎖ at Day 0 before and after the short cycle, and increased to 0.14ng/㎖ at Days 2 and 3, and 1.15ng/㎖ (0.57-1.64ng/㎖) at Days 4 and 5. The levels of serum estradiol-17β through the short estrous cycle was fluctuated in a similar pattern to normal estrous cycle. These data suggest that the short estrous cycle may be resulted from the early regression of the premature corpus lutea.

한국재래산양의 성장과정에 따라 Stress 가 혈액성상에 미치는 영향 - 3 . 혈액화학치에 관하여

송우준,이병오,함수근 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1988 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.15 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological reaction of Korean native goats weighing 4.5 to 14.5kg affected by the transportation stress and binding stress according to growth period. Six goats were alloted into respective months from 1 to 5 after birth. Animals were transported for 20 minutes and continuously bound for 60 minutes. Pictures of red blood cell were observed at 1 and 4 hours after these treatments. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein of animals. Blood samples before the stress treatments were used as control. Some changes were observed in the pictures of red blood cell according to treatment times and growth period. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Serum creatinine concentration was significantly (P$lt;0.05) decreased by the stress treatments at 3 months of age but was not affected at other months of age. The concentration progressively (P$lt;0.05) increased as the animals grew up and also was significantly (P$lt;0.05) high at 4 hours after stress treatments. 2. Serum cholesterol concentration was significantly (P$lt;0.05) increased by the stress treatments at 4 and 5 months of age but only tended to increase at 1 to 3 months of age. The concentration progressively (P$lt;0.05) decreased in all the treatments as the animals grew up. 3. Serum glucose concentration was significantly (P$lt;0.05) increased by the stress treatments and although there were no differences as the months advanced, the concentration was significantly high (P$lt;0.05) in the animals 1 month old at 4 hours after stress treatments. 4. Total serum protein content was significantly (P$lt;0.05) decreased by the stress treatments at most months of age and the content markedly (P$lt;0.05) increased as the animals grew up. According to the above results, it could be concluded that the stress treatments gave a sensitive influence on concentration of cholesterol, glucose and total protein of blood serum according to the growth period.

한국재래산양의 발정주기 및 발정유기에 관한 연구

송우준 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1983 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.10 No.1

한국재래유산양의 성장과정에 따라 Stress 가 혈액성상에 미치는 영향 - 1 . 적혈구상에 관하여

송우준,이병오 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1987 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.14 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the physiological reaction of Korean native goats affected by the transportation stress and binding stress according to growth period. Six goats were alloted into respective months from 1 to 5 after birth. Animals were transported for 20 minutes and continuously bound for 6p urinates. Pictures of red blood cell were observed at 1 and 4 hours after these treatments. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein of animals. Blood samples before the stress treatments were used as control. Some changes were observed in the pictures of red blood cell according to treatment times and growth period. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Red blood cell(RBC) counts were not significantly changed by the stress treatments though slightly decreased, but the above values taken at 4 months of age were significantly (P$lt;0.01) higher than those at other months of age. 2. Concentration of hemoglobin in the blood was slightly decreased after the stress treatments but not significantly. At 4 months of age, the concentration was markedly increased and there were significant differences (P$lt;0.05-0.01) between growth periods. 3. Hematocrit value also showed the decreasing tendency after the stress treatments, and there were significant differences (P$lt;0.05-0.01) between treatments at 3 and 4 months of age. The values were significantly (P$lt;0. 05-0.01) increased both before and after the stress treatments according to growth period.

澱紛粕 Silage에 關한 硏究 : 第2報 糠類配合 Silage의 製造試驗 Ⅱ. Brans Mixture Silage

高永杜,宋又準 진주농과대학 1970 진주농과대학 연구논문집 Vol.- No.9

우리나라에서 多量生産되고 있는 澱粉粕의 飼料的利用性을 增進시키기 爲하여 各種糠類를 配合하여 9個의 Vinyl silo에서 上部, 中間部, 下部로 부터 27個의 試料를 採取하여 pH, 有機酸의 定量 및 品質을 評價判定한 結果 다음 結果 를 얻었다. 1. pH에 있어서 糠類의 配合比率別 平均은 10%區에서 4.3, 20%區 4.3, 30%區 4.1을 나타내었고 部位別에서는 上部 4.1, 中間部 4.36, 下部 4.2를 나타내었다. 2. 有機酸含量에 있어 上部 1.85%, 中間部 2.17%, 下部 2.01%였고, 配合比率別로는 10%區, 2.06%, 20%區, 1.78%, 30%區, 2.20%였었다. 3. 品質의 評價에 있어서 糠類 30%, 配合區가 가장 좋았고 糠類의 種類에 對한 差는 거의 없었다. 4. 醋酸含量에 있어서 米糠과 밀기울間에는 5%(F=0,0670)米糠과 脫脂糠間에는 1%(F=0.091), 水準의 有意性이 있었다. 乳酸의 含量은 上部와 中間部問에 5%(F=0.3071), 水準의 有意性이 있었고, 各有機酸과 配合比率間에는 有意性이 認定되지 않았다. These experiments were carried out to improve the quality of starch pulp as an animal feed by the method of storing in the vinyl package as a substitute of silo in 50 cm under the ground for 85 days. In making silage, wheat bran, rice bran, and oil extracted rice bran were used as a mixture at the rate of 10%, 20% and 30% of starch pulp on the weight basis, respectively. From the above 9 different kinds of silages, twenty seven samples were taken from the bottom, interium and upper part of the vinyl packages to study the effective sampling for qualifying the silages. In qualifying these silages, the Flieg's methods were employed and the amount of organic acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butryic acid, and also pH by Beckman's tester were measured. The results were analyzed statistically to test the significant difference among the kinds of mixture rate and the various parts of the vinyl package silo. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average pH value at the different mixture rate were 4.3, 4.3 and 4.1 at 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively, and also 4.1, 4.36 and 4.2 in the upper, interium and bottom part of the vinyl package silo, respectively. 2. The average organic acids contents were found 1.86%, 2.17% and 2.01% in the upper, interium and bottom part of the vinyl packed silo, respectively, and 2.06%, 1.78% and 2.20% at 10%, 20% and 30% bran mixture rate, respectively. 3. In the qualifying the silages, the qualities of 30% mixture of each bran were superior to the other mixture rates and those were found no differences between the kinds of bran used. 4. From the statistical analysis, significant difference (P<0.05) was shown between the rice bran and wheat bran, and highly significant difference (P<0.01) between the rice bran and oil extracted rice bran, in the amount of acetic acid. In the amount of lactic acid, significant difference (P<0.05) was shown between the upper and interium part of the vinyl packed silo. No significant differences were found between the rates of mixture in the other organic acids.

웅봉저의 생산기술개발에 관한 연구

송우준 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1974 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

To improve the yields of infant insect of drone, 24 hives of Italian strain, which have 2 years old queen, with single hive containing 6 bee combs, duplicate hive containing 6 b combs and single hive containing 6 bee combs and singly hive containing 9 bee combs were raised by rotation according to the honey plant sources, that is, acacia, chestnut and bush-clover. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The yields of infant insect of drone in the single hive with 6 bee combs were higher in the honey collection period of chestnut and in the before-step of acacia honey collection period than in the other honey collection period. Also a significant differences were found out between above two treatments and other treatments. 2. In the duplicate hive containing 6 bee combs, the yields of infant insect of drone were higher in the honey collection period of acacia and chestnut than in the other honey collection period. Also though no differences were found out in the above two treatments, a significant differences were detected between above two treatments and other treatments. 3. Furthermore, it was detected that the honey collection period of acacia and chestnut produced more yield of infant insect of drone in case of the single hive containing 9 bee combs. Also though no differences were found out in the above two treatments, a significant differences were detected between above two treatments and other treatments. 4. Through the overall periods of honey collection, a significant differences were found out in the yields of infant insect of drone according to treatments. Especially the single hive containing 6 bee combs produced 835.2g of infant insect of drone was highest among the treatments. 5. The number of bee in the hive increased uniformly and was highest until the mid-June. After that period, the number of bet hail a tendency to decrease gradually.

재래산양의 번식의 계절성 및 분만과 유산후의 발정재귀

송우준,박충생,최상용,최경문 ( D . J . Song,C . S . Park,S . Y . Choe,K . M . Choe ) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.4

To determine the seasonal variations in breeding activity and return to estrus after parturition with or without suckling kids or induced abortion in Korean native goats, thirty primiparous goats of about 2 year old were barn-housed at Gyeongsang National University Farm (N.L.: 35°1`) and allowed with daily supplements of about 200g and liberal feeding of grasses through the experimental period from November, 1982 to October, 1983. The goats were checked twice daily in 12 hours interval for the presence of estrus. The goats were checked twice daily in 12 hours interval for the presence of estrus. The goats were exposed to vasectomized bucks for 30 minutes and the successful mating was identified as a standing estrus. Seasonal patterns for percentage of goats showing estrus behaviors and return to estrus following induced abortion and normal parturition with or without suckling kids were examined. The results obtained were as follows: The monthly percentage of goats showing; more than one estrous behaviour to all the experimental goats available for breeding was highest (94 - 100%) in October to February, lowest (17 - 22%) in July to August, and not varied greatly (58 - 76%) between the other months. These data suggest that Korean native goat may be a typical breed having a very short non-breeding season or showing less fluctuation in breeding activity through the year, compared with other breeds in the temperate region. The successful abortions were induced in all the 5 gnats of 2 - 4 months of pregnancy 30 to 40 hours after intramuscular injection of 3㎎ of PGF₂α Of ten goats which kidded normally, 5 goats were suckled for 60 days and the other 5 goats were separated from their kids 4 days after kidding. The average return interval to estrus after kidding or induced abortion was 12.2±1.2 days, 27.2±7.2 days and 33.0±3.2 days in the group of induced abortion, parturition with and without suckling, respectively. There were significant differences in return period to estrus between induced abortion and parturition with (P$lt;0.05) or without suckling (P$lt;0.01). The short estrous cycles were found after first estrus in all the goats preceded by induced abortion and parturition with suckling, and in the 3 of 5 goats preceded by parturition without suckling.

소의 受胎率 向上을 위한 Prostaglandin F₂α의 效果에 관한 硏究

宋又準,張判亨 慶尙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

분만 후 3個月 이상 기능적 황체나 낭종성 황체에 의하여 空胎되고 있는 乳牛 49두에 대하여 Prostaglandin F2α를 투여하여 發情 및 배란을 유도하고 受胎시험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 本 患畜이 1두 이상 있는 30호의 농가에서 조사한 本症의 발생율은 17%로 나타났으며 평균 空胎期間은 6.0個月 내지 그 이상이었다. 2. 합성 PGF2α인 cloprostenol을 28두의 患畜에게 500μg 1회 근육 주사한 결과 주사 후 평균 3.5일에 93%의 發情이 발현되었고 46% 이상의 受胎成績을 보여주었다. 3. Cloprostenol을 4두의 유?實質에 125μg 1회 주사한 결과 주사 후 평균 3.3일에 모두 發情이 발현되었으며 2두에서는 受胎가 확인되었다. 그러나 주사기술이 힘들어 불편하였다. 4. Cloprostenol을 陰唇粘膜下에 125μg(5두), 250μg(12두)에 1회 주사한 결과 125μg 처리에서는 주사 후 10일까지 發情의 발현이 全無하였으며 250μg 처리에서는 83%가 주사 후 평균 3.8일에 發情이 발현되었으며 25%이상의 受胎를 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보면 기능적 황체나 낭종성 황체에 의한 無發情牛에 대하여는 陰唇粘膜下에 250μg 을 1회 주사하여 치료하는 방법이 가장 실용적이라 하겠다. Cloprostenol(a PGF2α analogue) was injected experimentally to 49 heads of Holstein cows on lthe farm in Jinju area. These cows were diagnosed to be anestrual from the functional or cystic corpus luteum over 3 months after calving. The cows showing estrus by this treatment were inseminated artificially and the pregnancy test was carried out by rectal palpation. The practical use of the various methods of injection was compared. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The incidence of this symptom was found 17% in the farms where more than 1 cow was diagnosed to be suffered from the condition, and the average duration of anestrus after calving was longer than 6.0 months. 2. Of 28 cows injected with 500μg of cloprostenol intramuscularly, 26 cows(93%) showed estrus on the average 3.5days after treatment and the conception ratio was estimated higher than 46%. 3. All of 4 cows treated with intraovarian injection of 125μg of cloprostenol showed estrus on the average 3.3 days after treatment and 2 cows were identified to be pregnant. However, the technique was considered to be somewhat difficult. 4. Of 5 cows and 12 cows treated with intravulvosubmucous injection of 125 or 250 μg cloprostenol, no cows and 10 cows(83%) showed estrus on the average 10 days and 3.8 dasys after treatment, respectively, and the conception ratio was found 25%. From the above results it was concluded that the intravulvosubmucous injection of 250μg cloprostenol was better as a treatment for anestrus from functional or systic corpus luteum in cows.

재래산양의 (在來山羊) 발정유기 및 동기화에 관한 연구

송우준(W . J . Song),박충생(C . S . Park) 한국축산학회 1984 한국축산학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This experiment was conducted to investigate the induction and synchronization of estrus with prosta-glandin F₂α in Korean native goats. Twenty primiparous goats of about 2 years old were barn-housed at Gyeongsang National University farm (N.L.: 35°1`) and allowed with daily supplements of about 200g and liberal feeding of grasses through the experimental period from December, 1982 to August, 1983. The goats were checked twice daily in 12 hours interval for the presence of estrus. The goats were exposed to vasectomized bucks for 30 minutes and the successful mating was identified as a standing estrus. The effects of doses of PGF₂α injection at the various stages of the cycle on the inducing estrus, and the changes in serum progesterone levels following PGF₂α injection at Day 5 or 8 of the estrous cycle (first day of estrus = Day 0) were examined. The results obtained were as follows: The estrus was induced in all the goats which were injected intramuscularly with PGF₂α of 1 ㎎ (6 goats) or 3 ㎎ (7 goats) on Day 8. The interval from PGF₂α injection to the onset of estrus was averaged 52.0±0.2 hours in 1 ㎎ group and 56.6±4.3 hours in 3 ㎎ group. In another experiment, PGF₂α i.m. injection of 3 ㎎ on Days 5, 6, 7, 8 or 12 induced estrus in 83 to 100% of the 5 to 7 goats treated. The interval from PGF₂α injection to the onset of estrus was significantly (P$lt;0.05) earlier in the group of Days 5 or 6 (38.0±2.0 to 38.4±2.4 hours) than in the groups of Days 7, 8 or 12 (52.8±4.8 to 56.6±4.3 hours). The average level of serum progesterone of 3 goats which were injected intramuscularly with 3 ㎎ of PGF₂α on Days 5 or 8 was 2.34±0.89 ng/㎖ in the Day-S group and 3.75±0.26 ng/㎖ in the Day-8 group just before PGF₂α injection. The progesterone level for both group was basal at 24 to 48 hours after PGF₂α injection. However, the progesterone level at 120 hours following PGF₂α injection was significantly (P$lt;0.01) higher in the Day-5 group (1.57±0.19 ng/㎖) than in the Day-8 group (0.24±0.17 ng/㎖). These data suggest that PGF₂α injection to the goats on Day 5 result in significantly earlier ovulation and formation of subsequent corpus lutea, compared to Day 8 group.