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      • KCI등재후보

        The Role of Demand Heterogeneity in Product Innovation Strategy

        손용석,박경도 한국사회과학협의회 2005 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.32 No.1

        We investigate the concept of demand heterogeneity in high-tech products through testing for the existence of functionality thresholds, which demarcate the performance level below which a consumer will reject a product-irrespective of price. Above such thresholds, however, the consumer is expected to have no or little marginal utility. If functionality thresholds do exist, then the issue becomes whether new market entrants can capture significant share by offering products at functionality threshold levels with lower prices than existing products - and even perhaps offering additionally new attributes as a differentiation strategy. This study proposes the theory that the more is better precept only applies up to the functionality threshold of a product. A key strategic implication of this is that firms targeting the mass market need to adopt more of a modular product strategy to accommodate the heterogeneous demands in functionality requirements. We explore this issue from both a normative and a simulation study, and we discuss the managerial implications of a mass-customization strategy, especially for late entrants in technology product industries.

      • 유우의 질산염(窒酸鹽) 섭취수준이 혈액 및 기타 생리액의 몇가지 성분에 미치는 영향

        손용석 한국낙농학회 1984 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

        窒酸鹽(nitrate)의 攝取水準이 血液을 비롯한 몇가지 生理的 Parameter에 미치는 效果를 觀察하기 爲하여, Holstein 搾乳牛 4頭를 供試하여 乾草와 濃厚飼料를 基礎로 窒酸칼륨(KNO₃)을 두 가지 水準으로 給與하였다. KNO₃는 1日 體重 100㎏當 10g NO₃ ̄에 該當하는 量과, 體重에 관계없이 1日 頭당 90g NO₃ ̄에 該當하는 量을 1回에 投與하였으며, 投與 後 時間의 經過에 따른 血中 Hemoglobin (Hb) 및 Methemoglobin (MHb)의 含量, Hematocrit 値(PCV), NO₃ ̄ 및 NO₂ ̄ 濃度等의 시간적 變化를 觀察하는 한편, 尿, 唾液 그리고 牛乳 中 NO₃ ̄ 및 NO₂ ̄의 濃度를 分析 比較하였다. 試驗結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 窒酸鹽 攝取水準에 따른 效果가 가장 두드러지게 나타난 것은 血中 NO₃ ̄, NO₂ ̄ 및 MHb로서, 體重 100㎏當 10g NO₃ ̄를 給與하였을 때 MHb含量은 1日 最高値로 평균 약 7%였던 것이, 頭당 90g NO₃ ̄ 給與時에는 평균 약 14%로 增加하였다. 2. 血中 MHb 및 NO₃ ̄의 濃度는 窒酸鹽 攝取量이 많을수록 正常水準으로 復歸하는 時間이 遲延되었다. 3. Hb의 含量이나 PCV는 窒酸鹽 投與로 별 差異가 없었다. 4. 尿 中 NO₃ ̄ 및 NO₂ ̄含量은 高水準의 窒酸鹽 投與時에 보다 높게 나타났으나 有意性은 없었다. 5. 唾液의 NO₃ ̄ 및 NO₂ ̄濃度 역시 위와 같은 傾向을 보였으며 , NO₃ ̄에서는 有意差(p<0.05)가 認定되었다. 6. 한편 産乳量은 窒酸鹽 攝取에도 不拘하고 거의 變動이 없었으며 乳 中 NO₃ ̄ 및 NO₂ ̄含量은 處理間에 별 差異가 없었으나, NO₃ ̄의 경우 午後에 搾乳한 牛乳에서는 午前搾乳한 牛乳보다 有意的(P<0.01)으로 濃度가 높게 나타났다. Four lactating Holstein Friesian cows fed with a hay-concentrate ration were used in order to study the effects of nitrate intake on hematocrit(PCV), hemoglobin(Hb), methemoglobin (MHb) content in blood and the concentration of NO₃ ̄ and NO₂ ̄ in bloodplasma, urine, saliva and milk. All animals were fitted with catheters in jugular vein and orally administered two differen levels of KNO₃(low level: 10g NO₃ ̄/100㎏ Body Weight/day, and high level: 90g NO₃ ̄/head/day) for 10 days each. Blood samples were taken either at 0.5 or 1 hour intervals for 7 hours after nitrate administration. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. The diurnal pattern of Hb contents and PCV in blood demonstrated no remarkable changes either by the oral administration of KNO₃or by the difference of dosage. 2. With the nitrate intake of low level the NO₃ ̄ and NO₂ ̄ concentration in bloodplasma increased up to 110 ppm and 1 ppm as average highest value, and with higher dosage up to 180 ppm and 3 ppm respectively. 3. The average daily highest MHb content, measured in 4 experimental animals during 10 days, was about 7% at nitrate intake of low level and about 14% with high dosage. As the daily highest MHb value increased the return to its normal level was delayed. During the first four experimaental days the maximum MHb content was found to increase appreciably from day to day, but after the first four days the highest value remained unchanged until nitrate was withdrawn. 4. Urinary concentration of NO₃ ̄ and NO₂ ̄ also increased with the administered level of the salt, although the differences were statistically not significant. NO₃ ̄ concentration in saliva showed a significant increase (P<0.05) after the KNO₃input of high level. Although not significant, the salivary NO₂ ̄ concentration showed a similar trend with NO₂ ̄ concentration. 5. Milk yield was not affected by the KNO₃intake: whereas, the concentration of both ions in milk were higher in the animals supplied with high level of nitrate.

      • KCI등재

        기업의 사회적 책임활동에 대한 소비자평가에 관한 연구:유사성과 일관성의 역할

        손용석,유건우 한국기업경영학회 2013 기업경영연구 Vol.20 No.3

        In this study, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is categorized into philanthropy and cause related marketing (CRM), which would be investigated in terms of similarity and consistency. To enhance the low fit due to lack of consistency, explanatory link would be employed as a marketing technique. Philanthropy means corporate activities supporting social issues coupled with corporate philosophy or mission, and entrepreneurship in the long-term perspective. These activities are thought to be more philanthropic in the sense that they are spontaneously performed for social welfare. On the other hand, cause-related marketing is more profit-oriented than philanthropic, since CSR is performed under the condition that consumers purchase campaigned products. We expect that, if philanthropic and CRM activities are executed together, consumers’ evaluation on the CSR would be affected by the degree of a fit between the firm and its CSR activities. The fit is a perceived link between two objects and be supposed to consist of similarity and consistency. Similarity is the level of a perceived congruity between corporate characteristics and its CSR activities, and consistency is the degree that consumers perceive upon corporate intention and purpose in common. In study 1, consumers evaluated philanthropic activities more positively in the case of low similarity than in the case of high similarity, and on the other hand they evaluated CRM activities more positively in the case of high similarity than in the case of low similarity. In study 2, some level of the ordering effect was detected for both of the philanthropic and CRM activities executed together in the same social issues. If philanthropic activities were precedently executed before CRM activities, consumer evaluation was found to be negative regardless of the level of similarity. Whereas if CRM activities were executed before philanthropic activities, consumer evaluation was found not to change. However, in the case that philanthropic and CRM activities were executed on different social issues, consumer evaluation did not significantly change. In study 3, in the case of high similarity, if the survey respondents were exposed to relational communication messages rather than to elaborational communication messages, those were positively affected, which led to an improvement in consumer evaluation. On the same token, in the case of low similarity, there was no differential improvement in consumer evaluation by means of either relational communication messages or elaborational communication messages. We investigated how consumers’ perception changes by means of corporate intention and its purpose of executing philanthropic and CRM activities, respectively. And furthermore we attempted to uncover how consumers evaluate CSR activities in terms of similarity and consistency. Finally, study results in detail are reported along with implications derived and discussed. Limitations and future directions of the study are also addressed. 본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR)을 자선활동과 공익연계마케팅으로 구분하고, 유사성과 일관성 수준에 따른 소비자의 CSR 평가의 차이를 살펴보았다. 더 나아가 일관성을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 설명고리의 역할을 살펴보았다. 기업의 특성(기업능력; 이미지)과 CSR 활동 간의 유사성이 높은 경우, 자선활동은 기업의 사회공헌의도에 대한 의구심을 일으키고, 반면에 공익연계활동은 기업의 수익목적과 부합함으로 긍정적으로 평가하는 것으로 나왔다. 반면에 유사성이 낮은 경우, 자선활동은 기업의 의도와 부합하고, 공익연계활동은 기업의 의도와 일치하지 않아 소비자의 의구심을 일으키는 것으로 나왔다. 일관성을 중심으로 살펴본 결과, 같은 사회적 이슈에 대해 자선활동과 공익연계마케팅을 함께 수행한 경우, 소비자는 일관성을 지각하지 못하여 CSR에 대한 평가는 부정적으로 변화하였다. 기업이 같은 사회적 이슈에 대해 자선활동과 공익연계마케팅을 함께 수행할 경우 발생하는 일관성의 문제를 개선하기 위해 설명고리를 사용한 결과, 자선활동과 공익연계 마케팅의 순서에 따라 설명고리의 효과는 다르게 나타났다. 본 연구는 자선활동과 공익연계마케팅에 대한 기업의 의도를 소비자가 유사성과 일관성에 따라 어떻게 지각하고 CSR 평가에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 이는 유사성을 중심으로 적합성을 살펴본 기존의 연구에서 더 나아가 일관성을 고려하였다는 점에서 CSR 연구에서 사용되는 적합성 개념을 보다 정교화한 이론적 시사점과 기업이 CSR 전략을 수립할 때 고려해야 할 실무적 시사점을 함께 제공한다.

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