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Metabolism of an Insecticide Fenitrothion by <i>Cunninghamella elegans</i> ATCC36112
Zhu, Yong-Zhe,Fu, Min,Jeong, In-Hong,Kim, Jeong-Han,Zhang, Chuan-Jie American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.65 No.49
<P>In this study, the detailed metabolic pathways of fenitrothion (FNT), an organophosphorus insecticide by <I>Cunninghamella elegans</I>, were investigated. Approximately 81% of FNT was degraded within 5 days after treatment with concomitant accumulation of four metabolites (M1–M4). The four metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by mass spectroscopy and/or nuclear magnetic resonance. M3 is confirmed to be an initial precursor of others and identified as fenitrothion-oxon. On the basis of their metabolic profiling, the possible metabolic pathways involved in phase I and II metabolism of FNT by <I>C. elegans</I> was proposed. We also found that <I>C. elegans</I> was able to efficiently and rapidly degrade other organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). Thus, these results will provide insight into understanding of the fungal degradation of FNT and the potential application for bioremediation of OPs. Furthermore, the ability of <I>C. elegans</I> to mimic mammalian metabolism would help us elucidate the metabolic fates of organic compounds occurring in mammalian liver cells and evaluate their toxicity and potential adverse effects.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2017/jafcau.2017.65.issue-49/acs.jafc.7b04273/production/images/medium/jf-2017-04273g_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf7b04273'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Yong-Zhe Zhu,Hidong Kim,서재명 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.1
Selection of templates is important for the study of nanodevice fabrication. In the present study, we show that a wide, flat, and ultrastable Si(3 3 7)-4×1 terrace, combined with the Si(1 1 3)-4×2 facet, is converted from the Si(5 5 12)-2 × 1 surface through accumulated annealing at an elevated temperature. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that, in this irreversible surface structural phase transition, the surface has been gradually changed in two steps, step-roughening and atomic diffusion along a one-dimensional row. This (3 3 7)-4×1 surface is expected to be a good template for the growth of one- or two-dimensional nanostructures.
Growth Mechanism of Isolated Indium Nanowires Formed on Si(5 5 12)-2×1 Templates
Yong-Zhe Zhu,김희동,Jae M. Seo 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.61 No.3
Through self-assembly of In atoms on a reconstructed Si(5 5 12)-2×1 surface, nanowires of a width less than 5 nm have been formed. One specific site of the one-dimensional structure of the substrate turns out to be inert to arriving In atoms so that the self-assembled nanowires are well-isolated from each other, resulting in a high aspect ratio. In addition to such an isolation, keeping the same periodicity as the substrate (<i>i.e.</i>, 5.35 nm) during such self-assembly is another interesting point of the present system. In the present study, the detailed growth mechanism has been disclosed by using scanning tunneling microscopy.