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( Yousuf Jamal ),( Jae-hyop Son ),( Sang-hyeop Cha ),( In-sung Jo ),( Nguyen Viet Pham ),( Hung-suck Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Lipids account for 30-40% of the biological and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater treatment plant influents. High amounts of lipids are also present in microbial communities that treat the wastewater in typical conventional activated sludge plants. Production of biodiesel from high price pure triglyceride based feed stock is economically not feasible although conversion technology is mature in Korea. Keeping this idea of using low cost feedstock for biodiesel production a laboratory scale experimental work was setup while using different solvents for lipid extraction and their conversion to mono-alkyl esters also known as biodiesel. Some of the parameters studied for one and two step conversion were ex situ and in situ extraction of lipids, using the low cost polar and non-polar solvents, alcohol to lipid molar ratio, volume of homogeneous acidic catalyst required for optimized conversion. It was found that solvent type used for lipid extraction from wastewater sludge has a major impact on the saponifiable oil extraction, along with the moisture content of the sludge. Extraction temperature also influences the oil content in the extract. Increased extraction yield of 72% oil was noted with a mixture of polar and non- polar solvents. Highest ester yield of 95% recorded in two hours with one step esterification method.
Esterification of acetic and oleic acids within the Amberlyst 15 packed catalytic column
Yousuf Jamal,Jamshed Ali Khan,Afeeq Shahid,O’Neil Boulanger 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2
A packed column system was used to study the esterification of acetic and oleic acids by the macro-porous acidic resin, Amberlyst 15. All reactions were at a constant temperature (75 oC) and catalyst mass (3 g). The impact of column flow rate conditions and the molar fatty acid to ethanol feedstock ratio on ester production is reported. The maximum ester production was noted at a flow rate of 0.25mL/min. The maximum observed ester yield for acetic acid (95.2±0.5%) and oleic acid (43.8±1.3%) was observed at an acid:ethanol molar ratio of 1 : 3 and 1 : 1, respectively. The difference in yield indicates the importance of the fatty acid chain length to the reaction.
Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid,Dhasmana, Anupam,Lohani, Mohtashim,Firdaus, Sumbul,Ansari, Md Yousuf,Sahoo, Ganesh Chandra,Haque, Shafiul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13
Cigarette smoke derivatives like NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol) are well-known carcinogens. We analyzed the interaction of enzymes involved in the NER (nucleotide excision repair) pathway with ligands (NNK and NNAL). Binding was characterized for the enzymes sharing equivalent or better interaction as compared to +Ve control. The highest obtained docking energy between NNK and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.13 kcal/mol, -7.27 kcal/mol, -8.05 kcal/mol and -7.58 kcal/mol respectively. Similarly the highest obtained docking energy between NNAL and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.46 kcal/mol, -7.94 kcal/mol, -7.83 kcal/mol and -7.67 kcal/mol respectively. In order to find out the effect of NNK and NNAL on enzymes involved in the NER pathway applying protein-protein interaction and protein-complex (i.e. enzymes docked with NNK/NNAL) interaction analysis. It was found that carcinogens are well capable to reduce the normal functioning of genes like RAD23A (HR23A), CCNH, CDK7 and CETN2. In silico analysis indicated loss of functions of these genes and their corresponding enzymes, which possibly might be a cause for alteration of DNA repair pathways leading to damage buildup and finally contributing to cancer formation.
Kim, Se-Won,Behera, Shishir Kumar,Jamal, Yousuf,Park, Hung-Suck American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.142 No.9
<P>Sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH), which is utilized for recovering rare metals, was synthesized in a laboratory-scale batch reactor by absorbing a simulated flue gas containing H2S into NaOH solution. The effects of H2S flow rate, NaOH concentration, and reaction time on the synthesis of NaSH were examined. With an increase in the H2S flow rate, the absorption ratio, conversion ratio, and total NaSH productivity showed a decreasing tendency. On the other hand, a higher concentration of NaSH could be synthesized with a higher concentration of NaOH. Most of the Na2S (the intermediate product) were produced at a pH>12, and the NaSH synthesis reaction was feasible at a pH 11.5. Contrary to the increased H2S flow rate, increased NaOH concentration resulted in an enhanced Na2S/NaSH ratio. With a maximum equivalent ratio of NaOH/H2S at 0.88, the chemical composition of the product could maintain equilibrium with the highest NaSH concentration and less than 1% weight-to-weight ratio (w/w) Na2S concentration.</P>
Comparison of Landfill Gas Generation and Recovery from An Existing Facility at Ulsan, S. Korea
( Muhammad Sohail ),( Aafaq Ur Rehman ),( Beak Jin Woong ),( Yousuf Jamal ),( Hung-suck Park ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
Comparison study of landfill gas generation and recovery was carried out for the enhancement of landfill gas (LFG) from Seongam landfill facility situated at Ulsan, South Korea. Field sampling and measurements at the site were performed in order to investigate the possibility of enhanced gas recovery. US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) LandGEM mathematical model (version 3.02) and stoichiometric measurements were considered for the estimation of landfill gas generation. It was noted that the existing facility has limited gas recovery potential in comparison to prediction by EPA landGEM model. Reasons for this limited recovery are found to be the improper landfill covering, blockage of gas extraction pipe screen openings and improper gas management of leachate collection well. A proper landfill final cover, installation of cover for leachate collection well and dewatering system for removing blockage are suggested to reduce the gaseous emissions to the environment.