The Characteristics of Properties and Calorific Value by Waste Composition in Industrial Waste Incineration Facilities in Korea

( Youngjae Ko ),( Jun-gu Kang ),( Younghyun Kwon ),( Ha-nyoung Yoo ),( Youngjin Lee ),( Junhwa Kown ),( Tae-wan Jeon ),( Sun-kyoung Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2019 No.-

There is a growing interest in waste recycling and energy recovery around the world. In Korea, efforts are being made to maximize the utilization of incineration heat as the incineration tax reduction policy is implemented. However, in some industries, it is difficult to separate wastes due to physical and economic reasons. Particularly, there is a problem that some incombustible wastes are brought into incineration facilities, and the incidence of incineration residues (bottom ash) exceeds 40% based on statistical data. Incombustible wastes supplied into the incinerator cause deterioration of plants and have a negative impact on the recovery of incineration heat energy due to reduced calorific value of wastes supplied to the incinerator. In this study, the actual survey on the industrial waste incineration facilities in Korea was investigated, and the physical and chemical characteristics of waste and the material flow in the facilities were analyzed. In order to determine the ratio incombustible wastes, we firstly analyzed the composition ratio of each composition by weight through sorting of wastes. Secondly, we conducted the ignition loss analysis of each composition samples. As a result, the average ratio of incombustible wastes treated at the industrial waste incineration facilities (4 sites) was about 26.7% and the amount of combustible was about 63.0%. In addition, the ratio of the incineration residues was estimated through the moisture correction of the residues discharged after the incineration process. The analysis result was about 26.4%, which is similar to the incombustibility of the input waste (26.7%). Also, the calorific value of each composition samples was analyzed. The calorific value of the waste (including designated waste) supplied to the incinerator was estimated to be about 4,000 ~ 5,000kcal/kg. As a result of the actual survey, the ratio of incombustibles in the wastes treated at the industrial waste incineration facilities was estimated to be about 26%, and the calorific value of the wastes was enough to maintain the proper temperature (900~1,100 oC) of the combustion chamber. However, it is necessary to establish a more thorough management system for wastes mixed with a large amount of incombustibles such as some construction wastes and illegal landfill wastes.

A Study of Material Flow Analysis of Food Waste Management in Daejeon Metropolitan City

( Youngjae Ko ),( Yashoda Padeyanda ),( Yong-chul Jang ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Food waste has been gaining a lot of concern especially after the ban on direct landfilling of food waste since 2005 in Korea, followed by the ban of food waste leachate dumping into ocean in 2013. In Daejeon Metropolitan City (DMC), currently, 78% of food waste is converted to livestock feed and 22% is composted. However, in order to properly treat food waste and its leachate, DMC plans to build an anaerobic digester as an alternative method by recovering biogas from the waste. The main objective of this study was to examine material flows in both current and future management systems of food waste in DMC using the MFA software STAN 2.5. Based on the results, scenario C1 (composting) generated higher amount of wastewater mainly due to the addition of water during the composting process to reduce the salt contents. Scenario C2 (wet feed manufacturing) resulted in higher amount of wet feed than scenario C3 (wet feed manufacturing, 2). Scenario F1 (anaerobic digestion of food waste and food waste leachate) generated higher amount of solid sludge which needs to properly managed before landfilling. The study provides basic information for evaluating an effective and sustainable management options for food waste recycling by presenting the use of the graphical MFA models.

생활폐기물 열분해·고온용융 소각시설의 저위발열량 산정방법에 관한 연구

고영재 ( Youngjae Ko ),강준구 ( Jun-gu Kang ),권영현 ( Young-hyun Kwon ),유하녕 ( Ha-nyoung Yoo ),전태완 ( Taw-wan Jeon ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2018 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.35 No.2

Recently, the concept of “sustainable resource circulation society” has become a global issue and a key part of waste management policy. For resource circulation, Korea has established the primary foundation via the enactment of the “Framework act on resource circulation.” Waste energy recovery is attracting considerable attention because of such policy changes, and efforts are being made to maximize the use of heat at incineration facilities. Moreover, to ensure the objectivity and validity of the estimation method’s results, the ministry of environment has recently revised the guidelines for the energy recovery rate estimation method and lower heating value (LHV) of waste at incineration facilities. In the revised guidelines, for estimating the LHV of waste, a formal formula is presented at general incineration facilities for municipal solid waste (MSW). However, generally, the LHV-formula at incineration facilities is difficult to apply to pyrolysis-melting facilities because it does not reflect characteristics of the pyrolysis-melting treatment method. Thus, in this study, the actual condition of pyrolysis-melting facilities was investigated, and the LHV-formula for pyrolysis-melting facilities was derived using the derivation method of the EU’s NCV-formula.

사업장폐기물 소각시설에서의 물질 흐름 및 폐기물 발열량 특성 분석

고영재 ( Youngjae Ko ),강준구 ( Jun-gu Kang ),권영현 ( Young-hyun Kwon ),유하녕 ( Ha-nyoung Yoo ),이영진 ( Young-jin Lee ),이원석 ( Won-seok Lee ),신선경 ( Sun-kyoung Shin ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

소각시설의 설계단계에서는 대상 폐기물의 종류별 특성 범위를 바탕으로 기준 발열량을 설정하고, 발생량 예측 조사 등을 통하여 처리계획량을 결정한다. 이로부터 공기량, 가스 발생량 및 온도 등 설계 범위를 설정하며, 그 가변범위에 대한 연소실, 보일러, 배출가스 처리설비의 용량을 결정한다. 즉, 처리대상 폐기물의 성상 및 발열량 특성을 기초로 폐기물의 적정처리, 배출가스 제어, 소각열 회수 등을 위한 소각시설 운전조건을 설정하게 된다. 특히 폐기물 저위발열량은 완전연소 될 때의 단위 질량당 발생하는 열량으로 소각로에서의 연소성능 및 특성 파악 측면에서 핵심요소로 작용하는 인자이다. 그러나 사업장폐기물은 배출원의 특성에 따라 성상이 매우 상이하며, 여러 종류의 폐기물이 혼합되어있어 소각설비 설계를 위한 발열량 및 기초 특성 파악에 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 사업장폐기물 소각시설 실태조사를 통하여 혼합되어있는 폐기물의 구체적인 조성을 파악하고 소각시설 투입부터 잔재물 배출단계까지의 물질수지를 산정하였다. 아울러 조성별 기초성상 및 발열량 분석을 통하여 소각로에 투입되는 사업장 일반폐기물의 실질적인 보유열량을 파악하였다. 사업장폐기물 소각시설 물질수지 산정결과 소각로 총 투입량이 100톤일 때 약 22.4톤이 바닥재로 배출되며, 이 중 20.1톤은 사업장 일반폐기물로부터, 2.3톤은 지정폐기물로부터 기인한 것으로 분석되었다. 연소 후 배출되는 22.4톤의 바닥재는 냉각 과정에서 약 5.8톤의 수분을 흡수하며, 최종적으로 매립과 재활용으로 배출된다. 사업장폐기물의 저위발열량은 지정폐기물 혼합소각을 고려하지 않을 때 약 3,500∼4,100kcal/kg 수준인 것으로 파악되었다. 일반적으로 사업장폐기물 소각시설은 고발열량인 합성수지류와 지정폐기물의 소각을 고려하여 높게는 8,000 kca/kg 이상의 발열량을 기준으로 소각로를 설계하고 있다. 이처럼 설계기준의 발열량과 실제 반입폐기물의 발열량 격차는 연소실 열부하량과 적정온도 유지를 위하여 운전조건 설정에 어려움을 야기하며, 과다한 보조연료 사용 또는 폐기물 초과투입의 문제를 유발할 우려가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 사업장폐기물 소각시설 설계 및 운영단계에서의 운전조건 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 향후 사업장폐기물 분리·선별·배출 시스템 관련 제도적 개선을 위한 기초연구자료를 제공함에 목적을 두고 있다.

Short-Circuit Characteristics of Non-Inductively Wound Solenoid Magnet With Various Insulating Materials

Youngjae Kim,Min Cheol Ahn,Dong Keun Park,Seong Eun Yang,Hyoungku Kang,Bok-Yeol Seok,Tae Kuk Ko IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.17 No.2

<P>To select electrical insulator (insulator) between coated conductor tapes (CC tapes) of two parallel non-inductively wound solenoid type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is a important issue. Insulator is inserted for separation of two parallel tapes. Quench characteristics and recovery time of SFCL are related on insulator and thermal contact condition. Insertion of tape-shape insulating materials is a normal way of insulation for non-inductively wound SFCL. Thus, various tape-shape insulating materials can be the insulator of SFCL. In this paper, sample holder to simulate parallel tapes with various insulators was fabricated, and sticky polyimide tape and insulating paper tape were chosen for insulator of samples. Short-circuit test was performed in the same condition except inserted insulator of samples. Quench characteristic, generation of resistance, and recovery time of each sample were compared to the others. Special sample holder was used to observe current division and sharing in two parallel coated conductor tapes. The variation of the voltage applied to the module for short-circuit test was from 1.82 (V) to 12.7 (V).</P>

Improvement in fouling resistance of silver-graphene oxide coated polyvinylidene fluoride membrane prepared by pressurized filtration

Ko, Kwanyoung,Yu, YoungJae,Kim, Min-Ji,Kweon, Jihyang,Chung, Haegeun Elsevier 2018 Separation and purification technology Vol.194 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration because of their high chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. However, the hydrophobicity and high roughness of the PVDF membrane surface make it vulnerable to membrane fouling. Therefore, engineered nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) have been coated to the membranes to improve its fouling resistance. In this study, PVDF membranes were coated with different concentrations of silver functionalized graphene oxide (Ag-GO) nanocomposite suspensions (0.01–0.3 mg ml<SUP>−1</SUP>) via pressurized filtration process. The fouling resistance of Ag-GO coated PVDF membranes was significantly enhanced due to increased hydrophilicity and smoother membrane surface. The initial feed water flux of modified membranes increased up to 53% when compared to that of the pristine PVDF membrane. Also, the flux recovery rate and antibacterial properties of Ag-GO/PVDF membranes were higher than that of the pristine membrane. Ag-GO was stably coated on the membrane surface and the enhanced performance resulting from modification with Ag-GO was maintained after the membrane backwash. We expect that our results could contribute to the development of highly reusable antifouling membranes coated with inorganic nanocomposites.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PVDF membrane was coated with Ag-GO nanocomposites via a simple pressurized filtration method. </LI> <LI> Ag-GO nanocomposites were stably coated on the membrane surface. </LI> <LI> Ag-GO/PVDF membranes showed higher fouling resistance and antibacterial properties. </LI> <LI> Our study could contribute to the development of highly reusable antifouling membranes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

CNS Cholinergic Innervation to the Hippocampus in the Rat Using pseudorabies Virus as a Neurotracer

Ko, Mihee,Oh, Moonyou,Noh, Haesook,Cho, Moonjae,Lee, Youngjae,Lee, Bonghee 제주대학교 기초과학연구소 2002 基礎科學硏究 Vol.15 No.1

The hippocampus is a central area of the memory-related neural system. Combined irnmunohistochemistry against choline acetyl transferase and retrograde transneuronal labelling of the pseudorabies virus were used to identify cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system projecting to the hippocampal formation of the rat. Five to ten μL of Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus were injected into the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus of 20 Sprague Dawley rats using stereotaxic instrument. Forty eight to 96 hr after the injection, the brains were removed and the tissue sections were processed for double immunofluorescence procedure using polyclonal antibodies against pseudorabies virus or choline acetyl transferase. The double labelled neurons were distributed at several different nuclei and the labelling patterns of three different areas of the hippocampus were similar. These data suggests that the cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus were distributed in a transsynaptic manner throughout the whole brain area.

전립샘암의 방사선 치료 시 입체조형치료법와 세기조절방사선 치료법의 비교

김영재(YoungJae Kim),이재섭(JaeSub Lee),홍성일(Seongill Hong),고혜진(HyeJin Ko) 한국방사선학회 2013 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.6

본 연구에서는 전립샘암 환자에게 방사선 치료법인 3차원 입체조형법과 세기조절치료법을 각각 적용 할 경우 선량분포의 차이를 관찰하여 치료기법의 우수성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험대상자 10명의 컴퓨터 단층 모의치료영상을 얻어 종양학과 전문의가 종양용적 및 정상장기를 구분하고 종양용적에 흡수선량을 80 Gy로 설정한 후 각각 다른 치료계획을 수립하였다. 그 결과 선량분포윤곽은 세기조절치료법이 우수 하였고 종양조직의 흡수선량은 세기조절치료법이 처방선량에 근접(100.2%)하였으며 정상조직 흡수율(방광, 직장, 소장, 좌ㆍ우 대퇴골두) 또한 우수하였다. 즉, 전립샘암의 방사선 치료시 세기조절방사선치료가 입체조형치료법보다 선량적인 면에서 양호한 것으로 분석되었다. In this study, we evaluated to the superiority of treatment techniques on prostate cancer, apply to each other treatment techniques -3D conformal therapy versus IMRT- using dose distribution and dose coverages. Obtained 10 patients CT simulation, divided tumor volume and critical organs. Prescription dose was 80 Gy on tumor volume and Each of plans was set by two different plans. As a result, Dose coverage was superior to IMRT. The IMRT's tumor absorbed dose(100.2%) was close to prescription doses. Normal tissue(bladder, rectal, bowel LtㆍRt fumoral head) absorbed dose rate was superior. In other words, the radiation therapy of prostate cancer with intensity modulated radiation therapy was better than conformal radiation therapy on dose.

FMH 타겟 포인트와 헤드폼 입사각 세팅 자동화 방법

고형진(Hyongjin Ko),이영재(Youngjae Lee),김민찬(Michan Kim),이동현(Donghyeon Lee),양수연(Sooyeon Yang),조종두(Chongdu Cho) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.6

For the safety of occupant, NlITSA has enacted the FMVSS 201U regulation which regulates the HIC (d) value below 1,000. In vehicle design, C.A.E is performed to predict the HIC (d) value, and manually set the number of FMH target points and head form vertical/horizontal angle. This makes C.A.E pre-processing difficult due to excessive human errors and man hours. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can automatically calculate the FMH target point and set the head foam. This study aims to develop FMH target point and head foam setting automation system. The results provide an automated method for FMH analysis, and we expect to improve the efficiency of work through automation.

러기지 커버링 형상 변경에 따른 처짐량 분석 및 개발 프로세스에 대한 해석적 연구

고형진(Hyongjin Ko),곽윤근(Yungeun Gwak),이영재(Youngjae Lee),김민찬(Minchan Kim),서동조(Dongjo Seo) 한국자동차공학회 2022 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2022 No.11